Point Research Articles

Pieturzīmes interneta forumos

On the internet, people can connect with others and share news and experiences through social media such as internet forums, social networks, or blogs. An internet forum is a discussion group within an online service organisation where users with similar interests can exchange ideas, find valuable information, and share files. Users use a variety of graphical means, such as punctuation, emoticons, and emojis, to express emotions and attitudes in text. The aim is to analyse the use of punctuation marks in internet forums. Punctuation has at least six functions in modern texts: grammatical, emotive, intonational, conative, phatic, and text-formation function. The study analyses the use of punctuation marks (ellipses, dashes, quotation marks, exclamation marks, question marks, and conjunctions of punctuation marks) in emotive, intonational, text-formation, phatic, and conative functions. The empirical basis of the research comprises 500 syntactic constructions manually extracted from 13 internet forums – “BOOT”, “Cālis.lv”, “Copes Lietas”, “debets-kredīts”, “FIZMATI.LV”, “Dieviete”, “Kursors.lv”, “iAuto”, “Māmiņu klubs”, “PRECOS”, “Sieviešu Klubs”, “BUILDING.LV” and “Dabasdati.lv”. The article compares the use of punctuation in internet forums for female and male audiences. The study focuses on the posts, comments, and headlines of internet forums. The study employs a descriptive method.

Navigating diagnostic challenges in syphilitic alopecia: insights from dermoscopy.

This report emphasizes the diagnostic difficulties in differentiating syphilitic alopecia from alopecia areata, as exclamation mark hairs that have previously been known to be the diagnostic hallmark and discriminating sign of alopecia areata can also be seen in syphilitic alopecia. A holistic evaluation is vital in improving diagnostic accuracy, especially in a resource-poor setting.

Analisis Kesalahan Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia di Ruang Publik Rumah Sakit Dian Harapan Tahun 2022

Public space is a space or land owned by the public, a place for people to do activities, and a place to socialize. The use of the Indonesian language in public spaces is regulated in Law No. 24 of 2009 Article 38 that the Indonesian language must be used in public signs, road signs, public facilities, banners, and other information tools which are public services. This study aims to describe errors in the use of spelling and writing in foreign languages in the public spaces at Dian Harapan Hospital in 2022. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods that is to understand holistically phenomenon by using descriptions in the words and language's form. The data collection method used in the research are observation and documentation of photos and pictures taken from public spaces at Dian Harapan Hospital on August 2002. Based on the research on 50 photos/images of signs in the public space at Dian Harapan Hospital, 2 errors were found in the use of capital letters, 30 errors in writing abbreviations, 1 error in writing prepositions, 1 error in writing numbers, 4 errors in writing commas, 1 error in writing slash marks, and 12 errors in writing exclamation marks. The spelling errors in the public space at Dian Harapan Hospital occured due to a lack of knowledges about spelling rules (EYD V) and the absence of strict and real punishments on the errors and violations in using the language in the public spaces.

Analysis of Errors in Using Words and Punctuation on Housing Advertising Banners in Jatiasih District, Bekasi City and Their Implications for Indonesian Language Learning

This study aims to analyze the errors in the use of words and punctuation on housing advertisement banners. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the forms of word errors and punctuation on housing advertisement banners. This type of research is qualitative research which describes the data using a series of sentences. The method in this study is a qualitative method based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to research on natural object conditions, (as opposed to experiments) where the researcher is the key instrument. Data collection techniques are carried out triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive/qualitative, and the results of qualitative research emphasize eating more than generalization. The research technique used is to describe and understand the existence of errors in the use of words and punctuation on housing advertisement banners. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the form of errors in the use of the word aspects of accuracy, and aspects of conformity was found. Errors in the use of punctuation consisting of: (1) errors in the use of punctuation marks (.), (2) errors in the use of punctuation marks (,), (3) errors in the use of punctuation marks (-), (4) errors in the use of punctuation marks punctuation (-), (5) errors in the use of exclamation marks (!), (6) errors in the use of quotation marks (“…”), (7) errors in the use of single quotation marks ('...') , and (8) errors in using slash punctuation (/). In writing one must understand the rules of writing, one of which is the use of standard words and the use of PUEBI, so that writing complies with good and correct rules in the use of capital letters, punctuation marks , and word writing

Building a Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence to Predict Suicide-Related Events Based on Patient Portal Message Data

ObjectiveTo develop a natural language processing artificial intelligence model trained on text from patient portal messages to predict 30-day suicide-related events (SRE). Patients and MethodsPatient portal messages sent by patients between January 1, 2013, and October 31, 2017 were screened for an associated SRE within 30 days. For both patient portal messages associated with a 30-day SRE and a randomized control set, we automatically extracted several features: (1) frequencies of keywords; (2) message metadata; and (3) message sentiment. ResultsA total of 840 patient portal messages were included in our final analysis, including 420 messages with and without an associated 30-day SRE. Patient messages with an associated 30-day SRE had a mean sentiment score that was less than those without an SRE (P<.001). Messages with an associated 30-day SRE had greater word counts (P=.002) and more use of ellipses (P=.02), but less use of exclamation marks (P=.04) and question marks (P=.007) compared with messages without a 30-day SRE. The neural network machine learning model had the highest area under the receiver operating curve at 0.710, with a sensitivity of 56.0% and a specificity of 69.0%. ConclusionA natural language processing artificial intelligence model trained on a subset of patient portal message data was able to predict 30-day SRE at a level comparable to commonly used suicide assessment tools. Predictors that conveyed the overall tone of a patient message, such as the sentiment score, were more highly weighted by machine learning models in predicting 30-day SRE than the frequencies of individual words.

The NCOR-HDAC3 co-repressive complex modulates the leukemogenic potential of the transcription factor ERG

The ERG (ETS-related gene) transcription factor is linked to various types of cancer, including leukemia. However, the specific ERG domains and co-factors contributing to leukemogenesis are poorly understood. Drug targeting a transcription factor such as ERG is challenging. Our study reveals the critical role of a conserved amino acid, proline, at position 199, located at the 3’ end of the PNT (pointed) domain, in ERG’s ability to induce leukemia. P199 is necessary for ERG to promote self-renewal, prevent myeloid differentiation in hematopoietic progenitor cells, and initiate leukemia in mouse models. Here we show that P199 facilitates ERG’s interaction with the NCoR-HDAC3 co-repressor complex. Inhibiting HDAC3 reduces the growth of ERG-dependent leukemic and prostate cancer cells, indicating that the interaction between ERG and the NCoR-HDAC3 co-repressor complex is crucial for its oncogenic activity. Thus, targeting this interaction may offer a potential therapeutic intervention.

An adaptable sentence segmentation based on Indonesian rules

&lt;p&gt;Sentence segmentation that breaks textual data strings into individual sentences is an important phase in natural language processing (NLP). Each word in the string that is added a punctuation mark such as a period, question mark, or exclamation point, becomes the location for splitting the string. Humans can easily see the punctuation and split the string into sentences, but not machines. Basically, the three punctuation marks also perform other functions so that the sentence segmentation process must really be able to detect whether a word marked with punctuation is a sentence boundary or not. This research proposes a sentence segmentation system called segmentasi kalimat bahasa Indonesia (SKBI) or Indonesian language Sentence Segmentation by applying a set of rules and can be used in Indonesian texts and can be adapted for English. There are 34 rules built with a combination of 27 fairly complete features that contribute to this research. The experimental results for the Indonesian text show that the SKBI is able to achieve an F1-Score of 96.89% and 97.07% for English. Both need to be improved but now better than previous research.&lt;/p&gt;

Extra cues extra views: A multimodal detection of Arabic clickbait thumbnail verbo-visual cues

In this article, we investigate how the visual, interactional, and interactive verbo-visual selections are utilized to qualify Arabic clickbait thumbnails to get extra views. To this end, we drew upon Kress and Van Leeuwen’s multimodal analysis and Hyland’s meta-discourse framework. The data comprised 100 Arabic YouTube clickbait thumbnails selected from five Arabic channels. Our analysis revealed that a fake clickbait is an ensemble of collaborative modes, each of which reflects an interplay of interactional, compositional, and representational strategic selections. Thumbnail creators tend to structure their thumbnails visually by frequently selecting negative representational actional and reactional processes to induce viewers to click the videos for further information. To accentuate the representational metafunction, the content creators opted for enticing engagement markers and interactive linguistic cataphoric cues that lead the viewers to search for the referents disguised in the videos associated with thumbnails. Emojis, sequences of exclamation marks, and consecutive dots were also used as pressure tactics to click the videos. Such results will hopefully contribute to recognizing fake visual media and raise vulnerable viewers’ awareness against such fake videos.

Genome-wide analysis of the SMXL gene family in common bean and identification of karrikin-responsive PvSMXL2 as a negative regulator of PEG-induced drought stress

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major legume crop worldwide, but its growth and development frequently face challenges due to abiotic stresses, particularly drought. Proper supplement of copper could mitigate the adverse effects of drought, but excessive accumulation of this metal in plants can be harmful. The suppressor of MAX2 1-like (SMXL) gene family, which plays important roles in various plant processes, including stress responses, remains poorly understood in common bean. In this study, we identified nine orthologues of SMXL genes in common bean, which are located on six chromosomes and classified into four subgroups. Basic molecular properties, including theoretical isoelectric point (PI), molecular weight (MW), grand average of hydropathicity (GVIO), gene structure, and conserved motifs were characterized, and numerous cis-elements in promoters were predicted. The expression patterns of PvSMXL genes were found to be distinct under 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress and 200 μM Cu treatments. Most PvSMXLs showed reduced expression in response to Cu treatment, whereas nearly half PvSMXLs exhibited inducible expression under drought stress. PvSMXL2, which exhibited a rapid response to karrikin 1 (KAR1), an active form of the plant growth regulators newly found in the smoke of burning plant material, was down-regulated by both PEG-induced drought and Cu stresses. Transient silencing of PvSMXL2 resulted in enhanced drought stress tolerance without conferring Cu tolerance. These findings provide valuable insights into the functions of SMXL genes in common bean under abiotic stress conditions.

Strategi ketidaksantunan sarkasme warganet pada kolom komentar Instagram Ganjar Pranowo

This study is motivated by the increasing use of social media among people who do not fully understand the rules of interacting and communicating. This study aims to (1) reveal the strategy of impoliteness of sarcasm displayed and (2) reveal the markers of impoliteness that show sarcasm of netizens in the comments column on Ganjar Pranowo's Instagram account. Data were obtained from 7 posts on Ganjar Pranowo's Instagram account from March 28 to April 4, 2023. This research is descriptive qualitative research using the methods of listening, noting, and recording with a pragmatic approach. The results showed that netizens used irony in writing sarcasm disrespect strategy comments. In addition, four markers of sarcasm impoliteness strategy are in the comment column on Ganjar Pranowo's Instagram. These markers include the use of profanity-related diction by 35%, the use of ALL CAPS by 25%, excessive use of exclamation marks by 20%, and inappropriate name-calling used by 20%. There were no markers found related to taboo language, such as animal names or body parts. Some data also showed the use of figurative language to indicate sarcasm. Netizens' impoliteness is often triggered by several issues concerning football, politics, and religion.

Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Life is a dream. Silence is gold

This review of P. Calderón’s collected plays focuses on a stylistic analysis of Natalya Vankhanen’s new Russian translation of Life Is a Dream [La vida es sueño], considered the crowning glory of Spanish baroque theatre, as well as its interpretation and the dramatic nuances of the translated play in the stage version of the Moscowbased Elektrotheatre Stanislavsky, including their effect on the production’s portrayal of Segismundo. The reviewer stresses the translator’s unique, authorial view of Calderón’s poetic text. It results, firstly, in the translation’s heightened emotional charge, signaled by a profusion of exclamation and question marks and ellipses, and, secondly, in a shift of semantic emphases from the topic of overcoming one’s animalistic instincts to that of discovering the reasons for ‘animalistic’ behaviour in humans. The same topic — the father’s fault for raising a tyrant — is accentuated in Elektrotheatre’s production where Segismundo is shown to become despotic only in the palace upon learning of his mistreatment by the family.

Trichoscopic Features of Syphilitic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata: A Comparative Study.

Syphilitic alopecia (SA) and alopecia areata (AA) are two distinct conditions that frequently present diagnostic difficulties, especially when differentiating between them due to their similar clinical presentations. Trichoscopy may help in differential diagnosis, but a comparison between trichoscopic features of SA and AA is yet to be researched. To compare trichoscopic features between SA and AA and determine their discriminative values. Electronic medical records and trichoscopic images of patients diagnosed with SA or AA between January 2000 and February 2022 were retrieved. Trichoscopic features were statistically compared, and their discriminative values were demonstrated as sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A total of 69 patients were included: 23 SA and 46 AA cases were matched with a 1:2 ratio. Black dots, broken hairs, pigtail hairs, exclamation mark hairs, tapered hairs, angulated hairs, and non-pigmented regrowing hairs were significantly more prevalent in AA than in SA (all P<0.05), whereas erythematous background was more prevalent in SA than in AA patients (P=0.008). Among the aforementioned trichoscopic features, exclamation mark hairs and non-pigmented regrowing hairs had a high positive likelihood ratio for AA (16.17 and 8.34, respectively); however, only exclamation mark hairs revealed high AUC (AUC=0.816). Despite the presence of several similar trichoscopic features between SA and AA, trichoscopy can aid in distinguishing between the two diseases. Exclamation mark hairs are the only trichoscopic feature that can be used to differentiate patients with clinically suspicious SA from those with AA.

Punctuation in Chuvash Media Language

This article raises the question of the need of studying the modern functioning of Chuvash punctuation on the material of the media language. The topic is relevant due to the fact that in the conditions of developing screen culture, journalists influence the mass consciousness intensively, their speech activity makes an impact on the linguistic tastes of society and reflects the main trends in the actual practice of writing. This is clearly seen in the example of such a stylistically and pragmatically significant unit of media speech as an online analytical newspaper headline. Pursuing the intention of persuasion, journalists use expressive punctuation resources in their headline-making, which allows them to enhance the expressiveness of their utterance and encourage Internet users to read the text. The purpose of the work is to identify some common punctuation strategies of network analytical newspaper headlines in Chuvash language. The research material was a card file of analytical materials of the headlines of the online version of The Khypar newspaper for 2017-2021 collected by the author. Relying on an integrated methodology based on the ideas of communicative-pragmatic and psycholinguistic approaches based on the intentional method, the author identified productive punctuation models of the studied titles, revealing the expressive speech-acting potential of Chuvash punctuation. The article presents and characterizes popular punctuation practices of journalists - cases of using a question mark, an exclamation mark, an ellipsis and quotation marks in the header construction. These punctuation tools allow the writer to express an evaluative attitude to the problem being discussed, convey certain emotions, highlight a significant part of the phrase, place semantic accents. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of the functioning of punctuation marks in media texts allows us to shift the focus from the study of punctuation norms to the subject of speech, to his punctuation activity due to specific intentions and communicative situations.

Social Utilitarianism in Digital Interactions and Distant Worlds

Online social networks are increasingly consequential in individuals’ professional and personal lives, as many people engage online to create and maintain meaningful relationships and satisfy their needs for social connection. People tend to curate their online representations (profile pictures for different websites, videogame avatars, bitmojis, profile page bios, etc.) with almost as much regularity as their corporeal (real-world) self-presentation. As such, the current study explored the socially utilitarian choices people make when presenting themselves in both the corporeal and virtual public spheres. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing various aspects of their self-presentation and behavior in real-life, social media, and online videogames. We found several differences in self-presentation strategies in both online and offline contexts based primarily on ethnoracial background, sex, and skin tone. Minority women (particularly Multiracial women) reported dyeing their hair significantly more than White women, and the overwhelming majority reported dyeing their hair a lighter color than their natural hair color. Women use more emojis and exclamation points in emails and digital interactions than men, and they are more likely to use skin lightening filters before posting a selfie on social media. In addition, we found a descriptive pattern indicating that straight women and bisexual women dating men use more filters than lesbians and bisexual women dating women. Finally, in online videogames, men who are below average height reported creating videogame avatars that were taller than they were, individuals with darker skin tones reported creating avatars with skin tones lighter than their own, and introverts reported that they pretend to be extroverted in videogames more than extroverts reported pretending to be introverted. This study highlights the importance of online self-presentation on people’s social lives and the strategies that people utilize to align how they believe they are socially perceived with a more idealized version of themselves, or a version of themselves that will confer greater social capital than what they believe they naturally embody. Given the increasing possibilities of identity customization in the virtual public sphere, further research is needed to fully understand the complex relationship between online and offline self-presentation.

Cloning and analysis of DlERF23 gene in flower induction

Irregular flowering is a serious problem in longan production. Identifying the flower induction-related genes and analyzing their regulation mechanism is the key to solve this problem. The APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily members are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate diverse developmental processes, including flowering time, and stress responses in plants. However, there is still no research about AP2/ERF involved in the regulation of longan flower induction. In the present study, a AP2/ERF TF member DlERF23 was cloned from longan (Dimocarpus longan). It has a typical AP2 domain with the coding sequence (CDS) of DlERF23 is 552 bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids. The molecular weight of DlERF23 protein was 20.41 kda and the theoretical isoelectric point (PI) was 7.69. The amino acid sequence of DlERF23 protein had the highest similarity with CsERF23 (XP_006478313.1) of Citrus sinensis and CcERF23 (XP_006441807.2) of Citrus clementina. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of DlERF23 gene in pericarp was higher, followed by stem, leave, flower and flower bud. Meanwhile, DlERF23 gene significant down-regulated in the early stage of flower induction in ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) longan and up-regulated in the late stage of flower induction in ‘Shixia’ (SX). The results of transient expression of Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that the fluorescence signal was mainly concentrated in the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of DlERF23 in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering. These results provide useful information for revealing the biological roles of DlERF23 in longan and increase our understanding of the AP2/ERF superfamily members in fruit trees.

The Mark Usage as Message Nuances in Digital Chat Communication Between Japanese and Indonesian Written Communication

Exclamation mark or kantanfu in Japanese, is one of written language elements used to convey expressions. Based on exclamation mark usage, the meaning and nuance of a sentence could differ. Amidst the COVID19 pandemic that limits one’s interaction to another, the frequency of digital communication has significantly increased. Digital communication through chats has become an activity that cannot be separated from everyday life. Therefore, it is important to understand exclamation marks correctly. The aim of this study is to avoid misunderstandings that could happen through chats in Japanese. This study will compare the use and interpretation of exclamation marks in Japanese chat between Indonesians and Japanese. Japanese chat messages containing exclamation marks were analyzed using Hymes’ SPEAKING theory. This study uses Creswell's convergent mixed methods, with quantitative data of Indonesians’ questionnaire survey results, and qualitative data of interviews with Japanese people. Study results show that there are differences in the use and function of exclamation marks between Indonesians and Japanese.

Laparorrhaphy in patients with colorectal cancer. Enrique cabrera hospital. 2019-2021

Introduction: Until now, no ideal technique has been established that allows performing a laparotomic closure with a guarantee of greatly reducing the incidence of complications. Objective: To compare the results of abdominal wall closure using internal subtotal points (PS) and total points (PT) in patients operated on for colorectal cancer. Methodological design: An observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out at the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Enrique Cabrera" between January 2019 and December 2021. Results: The median age in the PT group was 70 ± 18 years and in the PS 68 ± 18 years. 65% of the PT group and 61.7% of the PS were women. The tumor was located in the sigmoid colon in 35% of the PT cases and in 31.7% of the PS group. Surgery was urgent in 80% of the PT group and elective in 75% of the PS. The incision was medium supra and infraumbilical in 70% of the patients in the PT group and xipho-pubic in 66.7% of those in the PS. There was a median of 3 ± 2 and 1 ± 0 complications for the PT and PS group, respectively. The median hospital stay was 8 ± 6 days in the PT group and 7 ± 2 days in the PS. Conclusions: The results of the use of internal subtotal stitches in the closure of the abdominal wall were superior with respect to the total stitches.

Kalimat Perintah dalam Terjemahan Al-Qur’an Surah An-Nahl

This study aims to: describe the form of command sentences in the translation of the Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl; Describing imperative sentence markers in the translation of Al-Qur'an Surah An-Nahl; Describe the contents of the command sentence in the translation of the Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive design. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences that contain imperative sentences in the translation of the Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl. The source of this research data comes from the translation of the Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl. The data collection technique was carried out through reading and noting techniques. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study reveal that there are five forms of imperative sentences in the translation of Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl, namely: (1) ordinary imperative sentences; (2) request command sentences; (3) imperative sentences of invitation; (4) sentences of orders; and (5) prohibition orders. The markers in the translation of the Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl include six markers, namely: (1) the use of the particle -lah; (2) the use of the -kan suffix; (3) the use of exclamation marks (!); (4) the use of question marks (?); (5) the use of the word order; and (6) the use of the word whoever. Then there are five contents of command sentences in the translation of Al-Qur'an surah An-Nahl, namely: (1) aqidah and monotheism; (2) worship; (3) law; (4) morals; and (5) science

A Portrait of Amos Pollard: The Doctor at the Alamo

A Portrait of Amos Pollard:The Doctor at the Alamo Francis J. Leazes Jr. (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution There are five known oil portraits of Alamo garrison members. Amos Pollard's was done from life before he went to Texas. From the Collections of the Historical Society of Cheshire County, Keene, New Hampshire. [End Page 438] At the back of Prospect Hill Cemetery in Brattleboro, Vermont, at the bottom of a steep slope, a small broken gravestone with a barely legible inscription carved into it lies flat, partially concealed by mud and dry grass. This unassuming headstone is the eternal link between Brattleboro and San Antonio, Texas, because it marks the final resting place of Fanny Oella Wilder, the only surviving grandchild of Doctor Amos Pollard, who perished within the Alamo on March 6, 1836. Historian William C. Davis wrote in Three Roads to the Alamo that it was the deaths of the backwoods politician David "Davy" Crockett, knife-fighting plantation owner Jim Bowie, and the lawyer, turned soldier, William Barret Travis, that made their lives "a matter of interest."1 While Doctor Amos Pollard shares in the same glory of the famed Alamo trio, much less has been written about how this determined and educated New Englander came to live in Texas and die at the Alamo. Pollard stands in the shadow of those famous Alamo luminaries, but his story should also be a matter of [End Page 439] interest. His death at the Alamo is an exclamation point marking the end of his life. Ambition fueled Pollard's search for respect and standing as he tested what American liberty meant. This biography brings Amos Pollard out of the shadow and tells his long overdue story. The story of Amos Pollard's dramatic life is a complex saga. It unfolded during the period historians identify as the Early Republic (1790–1840) when, according to J. M. Opal in Beyond the Farm: National Ambitions in Rural New England, ambition shaped the lives of New England men like Amos Pollard. The essential facts of his biography are that he was born in 1803, obtained his medical degree in 1826, and then left the farm forever. He practiced his profession in reform-centered Boston until early in 1828, when he moved to New York City and married. During the next five years his medical skills and resilience were severely tested, his politics matured, and his association with the nation's reform agenda strengthened. In 1833, he left New York for Texas, leaving behind his wife and child, but not his ambition or convictions. He settled at Brazoria in Stephen Austin's colony in Southeast Texas, a fractious place brimming with opportunity and rife with conflict. Pollard had by then embraced the idea of a slave-free Texas independent from Mexico. In October 1835, he accepted an appointment from Austin to be the surgeon in the Texas army that marched to besiege San Antonio in December 1835. He never left. Dedicated to his profession, he died at his hospital post on March 6, 1836, within the walls of the battered Alamo. Amos Pollard's Alamo story does not end with his death. The epilogue to his life story centers on two dramatic props: his portrait and a combbacked rocking chair. Considerable irony and tragedy for his surviving family is intertwined with the preservation of those personal possessions. Both items reminded subsequent generations that the man in the portrait was a real person, who, in the last three years of his life probably sat in that rocking chair listening to the medical complaints of Texas patients, while discussing what liberty meant to them. The aspiring physician was still grappling with that question himself, even as he ultimately decided to fight to his death for what he believed to be a worthy cause. That is who the Amos Pollard of this biography is: not a failed transplant from the far distant hills of New England or crowded New York neighborhoods, and not a rugged pioneer or frontiersman; he was an ambitious, educated, dedicated professional searching for standing and respect with a determined focus on the future...

Identification of Photoperiod- and Phytohormone-Responsive DNA-Binding One Zinc Finger (Dof) Transcription Factors in Akebia trifoliata via Genome-Wide Expression Analysis.

As a kind of plant-specific transcription factor (TF), DNA-Binding One Zinc Finger (Dof) is widely involved in the response to environmental change, and as an evolutionarily important perennial plant species, Akebia trifoliata is ideal for studying environmental adaptation. In this study, a total of 41 AktDofs were identified in the A. trifoliata genome. First, the characteristics, including the length, exon number, and chromosomal distribution of the AktDofs and the isoelectric point (PI), amino acid number, molecular weight (MW), and conserved motifs of their putative proteins, were reported. Second, we found that all AktDofs evolutionarily underwent strong purifying selection, and many (33, 80.5%) of them were generated by whole-genome duplication (WGD). Third, we outlined their expression profiles by the use of available transcriptomic data and RT-qPCR analysis. Finally, we identified four candidate genes (AktDof21, AktDof20, AktDof36, and AktDof17) and three other candidate genes (AktDof26, AktDof16, and AktDof12) that respond to long day (LD) and darkness, respectively, and that are closely associated with phytohormone-regulating pathways. Overall, this research is the first to identify and characterize the AktDofs family and is very helpful for further research on A. trifoliata adaptation to environmental factors, especially photoperiod changes.