Knowledge Points Research Articles

Research on the Path and Practice of Ideological and Political Construction in the Course of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning

Through the construction path of courses’ ideological and political teaching objectives, education goals, teaching methods, assessment systems, etc., the corresponding knowledge points of course ideological and political education are constructed in this course, and ideological and political elements are integrated into the teaching module. Find the right entry point for ideological and political education based on the course content and infiltrate ideological and political education in a targeted manner. Integrating ideological and political practice cases of comprehensive utilization of water resources, regulation of benefits, flood regulation, and water energy calculation into the entire teaching process. Fully utilize the advantages of professional course resources and combine them with the needs and development resources of the country, transforming them into unique advantages in ideological and political education through courses. At the same time, we will deeply explore and extract the core values and concepts of patriotism, social responsibility, and cultural confidence contained in professional courses, ensuring that ideological and political education can be fully integrated into all aspects of this course teaching. By integrating the connotation of teaching and educating people into the main aspects of classroom teaching, we can enhance the attractiveness of ideological and political education in the Water Resources and Hydropower Planning professional course and effectively promote the construction and development of this professional course.

Exploration and Research on the "Dual Teacher" Classroom Teaching and Training Model

Classroom teaching is a key link in achieving talent cultivation goals. It is a necessary process to enhance students' professional knowledge and job competency. In the process of classroom teaching, teachers should arrange the content and process of teaching and training reasonably based on the differences in students, knowledge, and skills, research and explore effective classroom teaching and training models, and effectively improve the quality of classroom teaching and training. There are many factors that can improve the quality of classroom teaching, and one of the most important ones is how to guide students to follow the teacher's ideas and maintain their enthusiasm for learning. During classroom listening or training, one can engage in active thinking, interaction, and communication with the teaching teacher. In order to better improve the quality of classroom teaching and training, adapt to the new requirements of teaching and training in the new era, a "dual teacher" classroom teaching and training model is adopted for the same classroom. The main lecturer is responsible for imparting and teaching the main knowledge and skills. During the teaching process of the main lecturer, the auxiliary lecturer acts as a dual identity of both the teacher and the student in the classroom. At key teaching stages and knowledge points, they timely guide students to learn and think through various means, so that students can deepen their understanding and mastery of knowledge and skills.

Five Focal Points of the Ethical Life Practical Knowledge and Ethical Understanding

Five Focal Points of the Ethical Life Practical Knowledge and Ethical Understanding

Objects of Expertise. The Socio-Material Politics of Expert Knowledge in Global Governance

Abstract Global governance institutions emerge around problems ranging from climate change to cybersecurity. Expert knowledge is instrumental in defining these problems, developing corresponding solutions, and thereby structuring international order. But in the process of problem construction, claims to expertise are competing, often contingent, and increasingly rely on graphs and models, black-boxing normative assumptions of knowledge production. Thus, international relations (IR) requires an approach that engages with the political dynamics of knowledge production happening within and beyond the spheres of traditional politics. This special forum on objects of expertise offers such an approach, and this introductory article lays out the overarching framework. It conceptualizes objects of expertise as authoritative knowledge relevant for governing put into a socio-material form. First, understanding expertise in terms of authoritative knowledge points to the contested attempts at rendering knowledge authoritative in a specific sphere; expertise is a relational category of (contested) group belonging. Second, knowledge becomes expertise when it is made authoritative in relation to a problem relevant for governing. Finally, expertise gains objectual character when it is put into a delineable socio-material entity in which it assumes a recognizable, specific form. This form grants objects of expertise a certain level of credibility and stability, allowing them to function as trusted sources of information and guidance.

Assessment of Construction Practitioners’ Knowledge Sharing Attitude in Construction Projects in Nigeria

Individuals such as construction practitioners (CPs) are the focal point of knowledge sharing (KS). KS plays a cardinal role in knowledge management (KM). It is recognised as one of the most crucial aspect of KM which leads to better performance of organisations and construction projects. Literature has shown that KS success is largely driven by individual level variables such as attitude. Studies on KS largely neglect the individual level variables, e.g. perception, motivation and attitude. Hence, there is a lack of knowledge on the influence of the determinants of attitude on construction practitioners’ (CPs’) KS attitude. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the influence of the determinants of attitude on CPs' KS attitude in construction projects with a view to improving knowledge sharing among CPs. The determinants of KS attitude and their components were identified from literature and were used to conduct a survey to assess the CPs' KS attitude. Quantitative method was adopted for this research and the data were collected using structured questionnaire administered to 174 Construction practitioners using Stratified Random Sampling. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The study identified six determinants of KS attitude with four independent (perceiver, target, intensity and persistence) and two dependents (cognitive and affective). It was found out that the CPs perceiver, target, intensity and persistence as determinants of KS has influence on KS attitude. The study also found a high significant influence between measures of CPs’ motivation (intensity & persistence) KS attitude compared to measures of their perception (perceiver & target) and the strongest influence is between CPs intensity and their cognitive. The study concludes that CP’s as the perceivers and KS as what is been perceived (target) do not affect CPs knowledge sharing attitude, instead intensity and persistence (motivation) does. This study recommends that CPs should be educated about their perception of KS. The study recommends that construction practitioners level of motivation should be increased because motivation is what derives them to share knowledge rather than perception.

Job Analysis and Curriculum Design of South Korean Animal-Assisted Therapy Specialists Using DACUM.

This study analyzed the jobs of animal-assisted therapy specialists using the Development of a Curriculum (DACUM) technique, a job analysis method for the duties and tasks performed in a specific job. It derived nine duties and 54 tasks through a verification process. In addition, by analyzing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes according to the task, the duties of animal-assisted therapy specialists were derived with 37 knowledge points (K), 32 skills (S), and 46 attitudes (A). The curriculum was designed based on the results derived from the job analysis. The final derived subjects were "understanding the counselee", "clinical practice", "therapy-assisted animal management", "case conceptualization", "psychological test and evaluation", "program development", "understanding and practice of counseling psychology", "animal-assisted intervention introduction", "evaluation analysis and report", "case study and practice", "case guidance and management", "training and behavior", and "animal welfare". These results can improve the professionalism of animal-assisted therapy specialists and the overall quality of the therapy site.

Analysis on the Implementation Effect of Promoting Active Learning with Project-Based Learning

Background Given today's information deluge and the swift strides in artificial intelligence, foundational knowledge is readily accessible online. The willingness to take the initiative to learn is obviously more important. At present, project-based learning is widely promoted in the world, and China is no exception, and since 2016, Zhejiang, China, has promoted STEAM education as a promotion curriculum integration. An important starting point for transforming the way you learn. Although project-based learning is widely carried out, there is a lack of quantitative research on the effective organization and implementation of project-based learning and the corresponding learning effects.Educators build and provide learners with supportive learning resources and tailor guiding issues of project-based learning to provide a path to transition from traditional direct teaching to a project-based active learning approach that encourages students to be proactive and seek resources as needed. Objectives This study will use the database design curriculum as an example to implement project-based learning, build project-based learning elements, and record students' learning activity data in project-based learning activities, which has 45 students in a junior college in Zhejiang in 2023. Methods The study collected data from learning platforms that included various supportive learning resources, including the number of online discussions, the number of tasks completed, video watch time data, chapter learning repetition, the distribution and trend of chapter learning time, teacher surveys, and face-to-face discussions and offline unsupervised learning. Results and Conclusions This lab takes database project-based learning as an example and evaluates whether learners can gain real-world practical experience in new learning methods. The analysis of project-based learning outcomes shows that the project-based active learning method enhances students' awareness of the importance of database design, cultivates enthusiasm, and promotes active learning in learning, better cultivate students who can navigate beyond basic knowledge points to embrace multidimensional inventive learning. Experimental data shows that strong positive correlation between high-quality project-based learning and student enthusiasm.

Analysis of health knowledge awareness and influencing factors of permanent residents in Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industrial Park, Dongguan City

Objective: To understand the health knowledge awareness and influencing factors of permanent residents in Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industrial Park, Dongguan City, and to provide a data basis for the development of health education and public health services in the region. Methods: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select 1,000 permanent residents from 13 residential areas in the region as survey subjects. Basic demographic information and health knowledge awareness were obtained through questionnaires, and statistical analysis was conducted on the data. Results: The health knowledge awareness rate of permanent residents in the region is relatively low, with the highest rate being the dangers of smoking in pregnant women, with the correct answer rate reaching 87.1%. Correct use of antibiotics, transmission routes of AIDS, salt intake standards and hypertension diagnostic standards have correct answer rates between 40% and 55%. The three knowledge points of risk factors for hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease had the lowest correct answers. Respondents with higher education levels know more health knowledge. Conclusion:The awareness rate of health knowledge is very low, which is not suitable for the current economic development and population quality. Health education and publicity should be strengthened for groups with low awareness and knowledge content.

Strengthening health visitors’ breastfeeding support: Results from a cluster randomised study

AimsTo assess the effect of the education programme on three constructs of health visitors’ breastfeeding support: knowledge, self-efficacy and action competence. Furthermore, the study aimed to confirm the factor structure of these three constructs. BackgroundHealth professionals are key in supporting breastfeeding women but studies report gaps in health professionals’ breastfeeding support knowledge and competences. The present intervention study aimed to strengthen the breastfeeding support of families to improve breastfeeding rates. Health visitors received an interactive education programme to enhance their breastfeeding support knowledge, self-efficacy and action competence, including e-learning and a two-day course of lectures, role plays and discussions. DesignA pre- and post-test study was applied in a cluster randomised trial MethodsCluster units were Danish municipal health visiting programmes, randomised by stratifying for region and annual births per cluster. Health visitors from 21 clusters (11 intervention, 10 control) participated. The knowledge, self-efficacy and action competence were assessed in self-reported questionnaires before and after education (n=368; intervention n=176, control n=196). To analyse the effects, the intention-to-treat principle and linear mixed models were applied. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to confirm the factor structures of the hypothesised knowledge, self-efficacy and action competence constructs. Results158 health visitors in the control arm and 157 in the intervention arm completed the baseline questionnaire and were analysed in intention-to-treat analyses. 125 and 116, respectively, completed the follow-up questionnaire and were analysed in sensitivity analyses. Health visitors in both trial arms had high levels of self-efficacy and action competence at baseline. Mean treatment effect of the education programme was 0.5 points (CI95 % 0.1–0.8) for knowledge, 2.4 points (CI95 % 1.6–3.3) for self-efficacy and 1.4 points (CI95 % 0.7–2.0) for action competence. The factor structure of the items used to measure knowledge, self-efficacy and action competence were confirmed. ConclusionsThe education programme improved the self-reported breastfeeding support knowledge, self-efficacy and action competence of health visitors. The factor structures of the instruments used to measure effects were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Trial registrationClinical Trials: NCT05311631. First posted April 5, 2022.

Genomic Evolution Strategy in SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B: Coevolution of Cis Elements.

In the SARS-CoV-2 lineage, RNA elements essential for its viral life cycle, including genome replication and gene expression, have been identified. Still, the precise structures and functions of these RNA regions in coronaviruses remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge points out the need for further research to better understand these crucial aspects of viral biology and, in time, prepare for future outbreaks. In this research, the in silico analysis of the cis RNA structures that act in the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and deltacoronavirus genera has provided a detailed view of the presence and adaptation of the structures of these elements in coronaviruses. The results emphasize the importance of these cis elements in viral biology and their variability between different viral variants. Some coronavirus variants in some groups, depending on the cis element (stem-loop1 and -2; pseudoknot stem-loop1 and -2, and s2m), exhibited functional adaptation. Additionally, the conformation flexibility of the s2m element in the SARS variants was determined, suggesting a coevolution of this element in this viral group. The variability in secondary structures suggests genomic adaptations that may be related to replication processes, genetic regulation, as well as the specific pathogenicity of each variant. The results suggest that RNA structures in coronaviruses can adapt and evolve toward different viral variants, which has important implications for viral adaptation, pathogenicity, and future therapeutic strategies.

Fishers' ecological knowledge points to fishing-induced changes in the Peruvian Amazon.

Scientists increasingly draw on fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) to gain a better understanding of fish biology and ecology,and inform options for fisheries management. We report on a study of FEK among fishers along the Lower Ucayali River in Peru, a region of exceptional productivity and diversity, which is also a major supplier of fish to the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon. Given a lack of available scientific information on stock status, we sought to identify temporal changes in the composition and size of exploited species by interviewing fishers from 18 communities who vary in years of fishing experience since the mid-1950s. We develop four FEK-based indicators to assess changes in the fish assemblage and compare findings with landings data. We find an intensification of fishing gear deployed over time and spatiotemporal shifts in the fish assemblage and reported declines in species weight, which point to a fishing-down process with declines across multiple species. This finding is reflected in a shifting baseline among our participants, whereby younger generations of fishers have different expectations regarding the distribution and size of species. Our study points to the importance of spillover effects from the nearby Pacaya-Samira National Reserve and community initiatives to support the regional fishery. Reference to fishers' knowledge also suggests that species decline is likely underreported in aggregated landings data. Despite the dynamism and diversity of Amazonian floodplain fisheries, simple FEK-based indicators can provide useful information for understanding fishing-induced changes in the fish assemblage. Fishers hold valuable knowledge for fishery management and conservation initiatives in the region.

Design and teaching application of a virtual simulation training system for bridge engineering drawing recognition based on Unity3D

In response to the common issues in practical training in vocational engineering construction courses, such as dangerous operation of training equipment, insufficient number of training equipment, and ineffective teaching, a vivid and interactive virtual simulation training system was developed using Unity3D software, taking the U-shaped bridge abutment in the course of Bridge Engineering as an example. Detailed introduction to the development and design process of 3D model establishment, ZSpace device adaptation, file format conversion, model rendering and disassembly, model zooming in and out, script writing and function implementation, UI interface design, etc., in order to achieve immersive interaction functions such as free observation, assembly disassembly, and ZSpace integrated VR virtual experience in the virtual simulation training system. The practical results show that the interactive effect simulated through the simulation training system is superior to that of the physical system, which can enhance the sense of experience, improve learning enthusiasm, and deepen the understanding of the knowledge points in Bridge Engineering Drawing Recognition. After the system is successfully established and applied in the training and teaching process, it will provide an important reference for the training and teaching of relevant courses for students majoring in road and bridge engineering, and also enhance the cultivation of high-quality skilled personnel in engineering majors in vocational colleges.

An exploration of microlearning as continuous professional development for English language teachers: initial findings and insights

ABSTRACT This article reports on a qualitative study conducted at primary schools in Hong Kong exploring the use of microlearning to support the self-directed continuing professional development (CPD) of English language teachers. Microlearning refers to short, concise, and easily consumable segments of learning about a knowledge point or skill. These activities tend to be multimodal and delivered through digital platforms, making them accessible anytime and anywhere. Currently, little is known about teachers’ perceptions of microlearning. To address this gap, we developed and delivered a mobile course that followed a microlearning approach and covered various aspects of digital technologies and English language teaching. Eight primary school English teachers engaged in the course and shared their perceptions of the experience in semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that they found microlearning to be more enriching and conducive to developing their digital competence than traditional CPD. It allowed them to address their immediate needs, develop practical skills, and integrate technology into their practices. The study provides important insights into the use of microlearning to support self-directed CPD.

GTFN

With the development of smart education, gaining insights into students' understanding during the learning process is crucial in teaching. However, traditional knowledge tracking methods face challenges in capturing the intricate relationships between problems and knowledge points, as well as students' temporal learning changes. Therefore, we design a knowledge tracking model based on a graph temporal fusion network. Firstly, we construct the structure of the question and knowledge skill graph. Then, we design a knowledge graph encoder layer to capture the complex relationships between questions and knowledge skills. Next, we apply a sequential information extraction layer to dynamically model the outputs of each layer in the upper network over time, capturing students' knowledge changes at different time steps. Finally, we use a dynamic attention aggregation network to learn node information at different levels and time sequences. Experimental results on three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

TEACHING REFORM AND PRACTICEOF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY COURSEBASED ONOBECONCEPT- TAKING THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION MAJOROFSICHUAN UNIVERSITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AS AN EXAMPLE

College students majoring in physical education attach great importance to skill learning and underestimate the learning of core professional courses,a vital path restricting their comprehensive professional growth and success. A significant foothold of teaching reform is improving their enthusiasm and learning effectiveness in learning basic professional theories, and achieving their ability to learn and love learning. An 8-weekteaching reformofsportsphysiologybased on the OBEconcept was implementedfor112college students majoring in physical education in 2022. It was found that the intervention significantly improved the ability of college students majoring in physical education to explain knowledge points in a complete, scientific, and targeted manner and significantly improved their written language expression ability and logical ability in organising language. This has significant practical value for becoming a qualified physical education teacher in the future.Future research will conduct multidimensional and comprehensive evaluations of the effectiveness of teaching reforms based on this foundation and trackrelevant information such as student employment.

Interpretation of course conceptual structure and student self-efficacy: an integrated strategy of knowledge graphs with item response modeling

BackgroundThere is a scarcity of studies that quantitatively assess the difficulty and importance of knowledge points (KPs) depending on students’ self-efficacy for learning (SEL). This study aims to validate the practical application of psychological measurement tools in physical therapy education by analyzing student SEL and course conceptual structure.MethodsFrom the “Therapeutic Exercise” course curriculum, we extracted 100 KPs and administered a difficulty rating questionnaire to 218 students post-final exam. The pipeline of the non-parametric Item Response Theory (IRT) and parametric IRT modeling was employed to estimate student SEL and describe the hierarchy of KPs in terms of item difficulty. Additionally, Gaussian Graphical Models with Non-Convex Penalties were deployed to create a Knowledge Graph (KG) and identify the main components. A visual analytics approach was then proposed to understand the correlation and difficulty level of KPs.ResultsWe identified 50 KPs to create the Mokken scale, which exhibited high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.9675) with no gender bias at the overall or at each item level (p > 0.05). The three-parameter logistic model (3PLM) demonstrated good fitness with questionnaire data, whose Root Mean Square Error Approximation was < 0.05. Also, item-model fitness unveiled good fitness, as indicated by each item with non-significant p-values for chi-square tests. The Wright map revealed item difficulty relative to SEL levels. SEL estimated by the 3PLM correlated significantly with the high-ability range of average Grade-Point Average (p < 0.05). The KG backbone structure consisted of 58 KPs, with 29 KPs overlapping with the Mokken scale. Visual analysis of the KG backbone structure revealed that the difficulty level of KPs in the IRT could not replace their position parameters in the KG.ConclusionThe IRT and KG methods utilized in this study offer distinct perspectives for visualizing hierarchical relationships and correlations among the KPs. Based on real-world teaching empirical data, this study helps to provide a research foundation for updating course contents and customizing learning objectives.Trial registrationNot applicable.

Investigating the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding hypoglycemia of diabetic patients hospitalized in Marjan Teaching Hospital in 2022

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes is the most common disease caused by carbohydrate metabolism disorder that causes damage to many organs including kidney, eyes and heart. Increasing the knowledge and attitude of nurses can reduce the chronic complications of the disease. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding hypoglycemia of diabetic patients admitted to Marjan Teaching Hospital in the year. Research method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 172 nurses working in Marjan teaching hospital in Babylon city were selected by available purposive sampling method. Information was collected using three parts of questionnaire, including first part of demographic data, and tow part about knowledge assessment, and last part of questionnaire to assess nurses' attitudes regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Findings: results of the study showed that among 172 participating nurses, the majority were women (55.8%), with the largest number falling into the age group of 20-29 years. Regarding knowledge assessment, nurses scored an average of 57.47 out of a total possible score ranging from 41 to 70, indicating a moderate level of knowledge about hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Specifically, nurses in this department scored an average of 59.86% of knowledge points related to hypoglycemia. The average score among nurses regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients was 17.41 out of a possible range of 9 to 24, suggesting a generally positive attitude towards managing hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of improving nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. While most nurses showed moderate knowledge levels, there's room for enhancement, especially in managing hypoglycemic episodes effectively. Although nurses generally displayed a positive attitude, continuous education could bolster their confidence and skills in diabetic care, potentially reducing chronic complications.

A study on the design of a deep learning model for classroom based on user participation and game chemistry processes

In gamified learning, user engagement has always been an important concern in the field of education. For mass learning, the integration of classroom learning and gamification can make users well-stimulated and help them to improve and cultivate their comprehensive abilities. With the characteristics of efficiency, fairness, and objectivity, online assessment systems (OJ systems) have become an important tool for learning. However, the following limitations still exist in current OJ systems: First, most OJ systems cannot perceive and quantify the user’s learning level at the knowledge point level. This can lead to a mismatch between the difficulty of study questions adapted by the system to the user and the user’s learning ability; second, most OJ systems lack research and design of motivation methods. These limitations can negatively affect the enhancement of students’ motivation and the consolidation and improvement of their learning ability. Given this, the article designs and implements a gamified online assessment system (Game_OJ) based on user participation and the game chemistry process. The online assessment system uses a modified Bayesian knowledge tracking model (CC-BKT). The application of the Bayesian knowledge tracking model can accurately perceive and quantify students’ learning of each knowledge point. The online assessment system introduces the gamification idea to design the motivation methods in the OJ system, including the design of gamification elements and the design of the challenge process of gamified learning, aiming to enhance students’ motivation to learn. It promotes students’ deep learning in the classroom and outside the classroom. The CC-KPT model proposed in this paper has an average increase of 2.15 % in AUG value and an average increase of 3.25 % in accuracy compared to the same type of model, and the speed of response and the median speed of processing demand of this system is within 1 s when 500 users use the system at the same time, which meets the needs of on-campus teaching scenarios.

Theoretical Exploration of the Antioxidant Activity, Chemopreventive, and Antineoplastic Potentials of Molecules Present in Morinda lucida, Momordica charantia, and Vernonanthura polyanthes

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and one of the top four causes of premature death in most countries. Several studies have shown that secondary metabolites found in medicinal plants have anticancer, antimutagenic, anti-genotoxic, and chemopreventive effects. Ethnobotany knowledge points to Morinda lucida, Momordica charantia, and Vernonanthura polyanthes as anticancer plants, turning them into promising candidates for cancer treatment. This study analyzed M. lucida, M. charantia, and V. polyanthes compounds to identify potential antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anticancer agents through in silico analysis. We performed pharmacokinetics, biological activities, and toxicological predictions besides molecular docking. Theoretical calculations on thermodynamic grounds of the antioxidant properties were determined using density functional theory. The molecules damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside identified in M. lucida, M. charantia, and V. polyanthes, respectively, presented good anticancer potential and were chosen for the molecular docking study and DFT calculations. According to Lipinski’s criteria, damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside were classified as potential drugs, especially for the pharmacokinetics criteria. Damnacanthal and momordicin I had high absorption in the gastrointestinal treatment, while quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside had low absorption. These compounds also demonstrated antineoplastic, antimutagenic, and cancer-preventive activity, according to the in silico analysis. In this sense, damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside were chosen to test their potential interactions with the beta estrogen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and xanthine dehydrogenase, respectively, and intermolecular interactions were determined. Regarding the antioxidant potential of the structures, two different mechanisms were scrutinized with the help of their respective molecular descriptors, such as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and one-electron transfer (ET). In conclusion, this computational study revealed that damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]rutinoside are promising chemoprotective and anticancer molecules with favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties.

The Relationship Between Extra Curricular and Student Grades

There is no consensus on the current research on the impact of extra curricular on student academic performance, with existing studies suggesting a significant positive impact [1], Some studies also suggest that there is no significant impact [2], Some studies even suggest a significant negative effect [3]. In addition to studying the impact of extra curricular on overall academic performance of students, some scholars have conducted research on the impact of extra curricular on the academic performance of different students. As Berberoglu and Tansel found, high school students in Turkey who participate in extracurricular tutoring have significantly better math and language grades, but their natural science course grades do not show a significant advantage [4]. The research results indicate that extra curricular can indeed improve students' scores and cognitive abilities to a certain extent. Through strengthened explanations in extra curricular, children can actively solve knowledge points that they do not understand in school classrooms, guide them to actively think and conduct practical exploration, consolidate their understanding of knowledge points, effectively broaden their horizons, and establish correct self-esteem. Some studies also suggest that children may lose a relaxed and enjoyable childhood due to additional after-school tutoring. And my viewpoint leans more towards the latter. Children's growth is a lifelong thing, but losing a beautiful childhood life is irreversible.