Pohlia Nutans Research Articles

Сосновые (Pinus sylvestris) леса и редколесья Северо-Западного Приладожья

Сосновые (Pinus sylvestris) леса и редколесья Северо-Западного Приладожья

PnCHS1, a chalcone synthase from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, improves the tolerance of salt stress and ABA

PnCHS1, a chalcone synthase from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, improves the tolerance of salt stress and ABA

Extreme environmental adaptation mechanisms of Antarctic bryophytes are mainly the activation of antioxidants, secondary metabolites and photosynthetic pathways

The environment in Antarctica is characterized by low temperature, intense UVB and few vegetation types. The Pohlia nutans M211 are bryophytes, which are the primary plants in Antarctica and can thrive well in the Antarctic harsh environment. The transcriptional profiling of Pohlia nutans M211 under low temperature and high UVB conditions was analyzed to explore their polar adaptation mechanism in the extreme Antarctic environment by third-generation sequencing and second-generation sequencing. In comparison to earlier second-generation sequencing techniques, a total of 43,101 non-redundant transcripts and 10,532 lncRNA transcripts were obtained, which were longer and more accurate. The analysis results of GO, KEGG, AS (alternative splicing), and WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) of DEGs (differentially expressed genes), combined with the biochemical kits revealed that antioxidant, secondary metabolites pathways and photosynthesis were the key adaptive pathways for Pohlia nutans M211 to the Antarctic extreme environment. Furthermore, the low temperature and strong UVB are closely linked for the first time by the gene HY5 (hlongated hypocotyl 5) to form a protein interaction network through the PPI (protein–protein interaction networks) analysis method. The UVR8 module, photosynthetic module, secondary metabolites synthesis module, and temperature response module were the key components of the PPI network. In conclusion, this study will help to further explore the polar adaptation mechanism of Antarctic plants represented by bryophytes and to enrich the polar gene resources.

Class III peroxidase genes in the moss Dicranum scoparium: Identification and abiotic stress induced expression analysis

Class III peroxidases (POD: EC 1.11.1.7) are classical secretory plant peroxidases belonging to a large multigene family with diverse functions. Members of the POD family have been well-studied and characterized in many plants, including three species of bryophytes, but not from the moss Dicranum scoparium Hedw. Ecologically, D. scoparium is a very important species, which has a widespread distribution throughout the Holarctic. Here we present the first comprehensive report on the POD gene family in D. scoparium, identifying 22 genes encoding PODs (DsPODs), two of which were cloned for verification. All genes were deposited to GenBank under the third-party annotation (Accession numbers TPA: BK061169 – BK061190). Here, we present an in silico study of the physicochemical properties of these proteins. Analyses of conserved domains and subcellular localization suggested that DsPODs have classical peroxidase domain structure; they are secretory proteins and most of them are extracellular. Eight DsPODs highly homologous to Class III peroxidases from the mosses Pohlia nutans and Physcomitrium patens were further microcharacterized. All eight DsPODs possess a haem ligand and active sites necessary for enzymatic activity; they also contained sites for posttranslational modifications. Prediction of secondary structure indicated that these proteins mainly consist of α-helices and random coils. Experiments involving the reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that DsPOD1, DsPOD2, DsPOD6, and DsPOD8 are differentially upregulated in response to stress. The stresses applied here included CdCl2, paraquat, unfavorable temperatures, and a hydration-desiccation-rehydration cycle. Our results indicate that Class III PODs contribute to the abiotic stress tolerance of D. scoparium, and specific DsPOD genes may play diverse roles in the response of the moss to stress.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans

Antarctic organisms are consistently suffering from multiple environmental pressures, especially the strong UV radiation caused by the loss of the ozone layer. The mosses and lichens dominate the vegetation of the Antarctic continent, which grow and propagate in these harsh environments. However, the molecular mechanisms and related regulatory networks of these Antarctic plants against UV-B radiation are largely unknown. Here, we used an integrated multi-omics approach to study the regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) in response to UV-B radiation. We identified a total of 5729 lncRNA sequences by transcriptome sequencing, including 1459 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Through functional annotation, we found that the target genes of DELs were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction and the flavonoid synthesis pathway. In addition, a total of 451 metabolites were detected by metabonomic analysis, and 97 differentially change metabolites (DCMs) were found. Flavonoids account for 20% of the total significantly up-regulated metabolites. In addition, the comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the co-expression pattern of DELs and DCMs of flavonoids. Our results provide insights into the regulatory network of lncRNA under UV-B radiation and the adaptation of Antarctic moss to the polar environments.

Insights into the Jasmonate Signaling in Basal Land Plant Revealed by the Multi-Omics Analysis of an Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans Treated with OPDA.

12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is a biosynthetic precursor of jasmonic acid and triggers multiple biological processes from plant development to stress responses. However, the OPDA signaling and relevant regulatory networks were largely unknown in basal land plants. Using an integrated multi-omics technique, we investigated the global features in metabolites and transcriptional profiles of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) in response to OPDA treatment. We detected 676 metabolites based on the widely targeted metabolomics approach. A total of 82 significantly changed metabolites were observed, including fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids and derivatives, and alkaloids. In addition, the transcriptome sequencing was conducted to uncover the global transcriptional profiles. The representative differentially expressed genes were summarized into functions including Ca2+ signaling, abscisic acid signaling, jasmonate signaling, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, and detoxification proteins. The integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that the pathways of jasmonate and ABA signaling, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis might dominate the molecular responses to OPDA. Taken together, these observations provide insights into the molecular evolution of jasmonate signaling and the adaptation mechanisms of Antarctic moss to terrestrial habitats.

Synergistic effects in mine offsite landscapes: Predicted ecosystem shifts could exacerbate mining effects on bryophyte community structure

Global change is shifting ecosystem type relative abundance in boreal forests, while the green energy transition results in increased mining activities around the globe. The interaction and consequent effects of these two trends on biodiversity have not been examined in depth. Bryophytes species can be used as indicators to measure these effects because they play key ecological roles in boreal forests. We identified and evaluated the interaction between ecosystem type (i.e., coniferous, deciduous, mixed forest and open canopy) and mining on microhabitat scale bryophyte diversity and composition in 1-km landscapes surrounding six mine sites at different stages of the mining lifecycle in the Canadian boreal forest. Irrespective of microhabitat type, the combined effects of ecosystem type and mining stage were interactive on bryophytes. Bryophyte richness and community composition were negatively affected by offsite effects of mines in only deciduous and mixed forests. The interacted effects on bryophyte richness mainly occurred on the ground r microhabitats. We also found that deciduous, mixed forests (coniferous forest as a reference) and mines had a negative impact on the abundance of feather mosses and sphagna. Furthermore, indicator species were identified for areas affected by mines (Pohlia nutans and Dicranum polysetum) and for control areas (Sphagnum angustifolium and Plagiomnium cuspidatum). Our results suggest the predicted ecosystem shifts with global changes, from coniferous to deciduous forests, could potentially increase the effects of mining on forest ecosystem resistance through the changes in bryophyte community structure. Adding microhabitats (i.e., adding coarse woody debris) near mine sites is a potential strategy to maintain species richness. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of how mining affects biodiversity and highlight the importance of considering mine offsite landscapes in future environmental evaluations of development projects in the context of global changes.

Metabolic profiling and gene expression analyses provide insights into cold adaptation of an Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans.

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and most windy continent on earth. The major terrestrial vegetation consists of cryptogams (mosses and lichens) and two vascular plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and relevant regulatory networks were largely unknown in these Antarctic plants. Here, we investigated the global alterations in metabolites and regulatory pathways of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) under cold stress using an integrated multi-omics approach. We found that proline content and several antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in P. nutans under cold stress, but the contents of chlorophyll and total flavonoids were markedly decreased. A total of 559 metabolites were detected using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We observed 39 and 71 differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) after 24 h and 60 h cold stress, indicating that several major pathways were differentially activated for producing fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. In addition, the quantitative transcriptome sequencing was conducted to uncover the global transcriptional profiles of P. nutans under cold stress. The representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and summarized to the function including Ca2+ signaling, ABA signaling, jasmonate signaling, fatty acids biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other biological processes. The integrated dataset analyses of metabolome and transcriptome revealed that jasmonate signaling, auxin signaling, very-long-chain fatty acids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways might contribute to P. nutans acclimating to cold stress. Overall, these observations provide insight into Antarctic moss adaptations to polar habitats and the impact of global climate change on Antarctic plants.

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the adaptation of Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans to drought stress.

Most regions of the Antarctic continent are experiencing increased dryness due to global climate change. Mosses and lichens are the dominant vegetation of the ice-free areas of Antarctica. However, the molecular mechanisms of these Antarctic plants adapting to drought stress are less documented. Here, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were employed to reveal the responses of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans subsp. LIU) to drought stress. We found that drought stress made the gametophytes turn yellow and curled, and enhanced the contents of malondialdehyde and proline, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Totally, 2,451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were uncovered under drought treatment. The representative DEGs are mainly involved in ROS-scavenging and detoxification, flavonoid metabolism pathway, plant hormone signaling pathway, lipids metabolism pathway, transcription factors and signal-related genes. Meanwhile, a total of 354 differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) were detected in the metabolome analysis. Flavonoids and lipids were the most abundant metabolites and they accounted for 41.53% of the significantly changed metabolites. In addition, integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed co-expression patterns of flavonoid and long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis genes and their metabolites. Finally, qPCR analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of stress-related genes were significantly increased. These genes included those involved in ABA signaling pathway (NCED3, PP2C, PYL, and SnAK2), jasmonate signaling pathway (AOC, AOS, JAZ, and OPR), flavonoid pathway (CHS, F3’,5’H, F3H, FLS, FNS, and UFGT), antioxidant and detoxifying functions (POD, GSH-Px, Prx and DTX), and transcription factors (ERF and DREB). In summary, we speculated that P. nutans were highly dependent on ABA and jasmonate signaling pathways, ROS scavenging, flavonoids and fatty acid metabolism in response to drought stress. These findings present an important knowledge for assessing the impact of coastal climate change on Antarctic basal plants.

A Moss 2-Oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-Dependent Dioxygenases (2-ODD) Gene of Flavonoids Biosynthesis Positively Regulates Plants Abiotic Stress Tolerance.

Flavonoids, the largest group of polyphenolic secondary metabolites present in all land plants, play essential roles in many biological processes and defense against abiotic stresses. In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, flavones synthase I (FNSI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) all belong to 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) family, which catalyzes the critical oxidative reactions to form different flavonoid subgroups. Here, a novel 2-ODD gene was cloned from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans (Pn2-ODD1) and its functions were investigated both in two model plants, Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 increased the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the transgenic P. patens and Arabidopsis with expressing Pn2-ODD1 exhibited enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses, with larger gametophyte sizes, better seed germination, and longer root growth. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 in Arabidopsis also conferred the tolerance to UV-B radiation and oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we showed that Pn2-ODD1 participated in the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in transgenic plants, and regulated the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, contributing to the adaptation of P. nutans to the polar environment.

The Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans Genome Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Bryophytes and the Adaptation to Extreme Terrestrial Habitats.

The Antarctic continent has extreme natural environment and fragile ecosystem. Mosses are one of the dominant floras in the Antarctic continent. However, their genomic features and adaptation processes to extreme environments remain poorly understood. Here, we assembled the high-quality genome sequence of the Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) with 698.20 Mb and 22 chromosomes. We found that the high proportion of repeat sequences and a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) contribute to the large size genome of P. nutans when compared to other bryophytes. The genome of P. nutans harbors the signatures of massive segmental gene duplications and large expansions of gene families, likely facilitating neofunctionalization. Genomic characteristics that may support the Antarctic lifestyle of this moss comprise expanded gene families involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Additional contributions include the significant expansion and upregulation of several genes encoding DNA photolyase, antioxidant enzymes, flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes, possibly reflecting diverse adaptive strategies. Notably, integrated multi-omic analyses elucidate flavonoid biosynthesis may function as the reactive oxygen species detoxification under UV-B radiation. Our studies provide insight into the unique features of the Antarctic moss genome and their molecular responses to extreme terrestrial environments.

Is the bryophyte soil diaspore bank buffered against nutrient enrichment and grazing exclusion?

PurposeSoil diaspore banks of bryophytes are poorly known in tundra grasslands, yet can be important for the maintenance of local bryophyte assemblages. We examined the effects of fertilization and grazing exclusion on above-ground bryophyte assemblages and soil diaspore banks in a tundra grassland.MethodsWe collected soil diaspore samples and recorded the cover of above-ground bryophytes from a full-factorial experiment with NPK fertilization and grazing exclusion treatments (a Nutrient Network site in NW Finland). Soil diaspore samples were germinated on trays in a greenhouse. We analyzed the compositions of diaspore bank assemblages and of above-ground assemblages and assessed their responses to the experimental treatments.ResultsThe diaspore bank contained c. 50% of taxa found in above-ground assemblages; 26 bryophyte taxa germinated from the diaspore bank, while 40 taxa were found in the above-ground assemblages. These communities had distinct species compositions: the diaspore bank was dominated by Pohlia nutans, while above-ground assemblages were dominated by several species. NPK fertilization and grazing exclusion had negative effects on bryophyte richness and cover in above-ground assemblages, and weaker effects on these responses in the diaspore bank.ConclusionSoil diaspore banks comprise about half of the bryophyte taxa encountered in above-ground assemblages. Bryophyte diaspore banks are more buffered against nutrient enrichment and grazing exclusion than above-ground assemblages, suggesting that diaspore banks may enhance persistence and recovery of local bryophyte assemblages from environmental changes.

Native plants facilitate vegetation succession on amended and unamended mine tailings

Facilitating the establishment of native pioneer plant species on mine tailings with inherent metal and/or acid tolerance is important to speed up natural succession at minimal cost, especially in remote areas where phytoremediation can be labor intensive. We investigated vegetation community dynamics after ∼48 years of succession along two legacy Ni–Cu mine tailings and waste rock deposits in the Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada with and without various site amendments (i.e. liming and fertilization) and planting. Metal/acid tolerant pioneer plants (Betula papyrifera, Populus tremuloides, Pohlia nutans) appeared to facilitate the establishment of less tolerant species. Conifers and nitrogen-fixers less tolerant to site conditions were planted at the fully amended (limed, fertilized, planted) mine tailings site in the 1970s, but conifers were not propagating at the site or facilitating understory succession. The planted nitrogen-fixing leguminous species Lotus corniculatus was, however, associated with increased diversity. These findings have implications for long-term reclamation strategies in acidic mine waste deposits utilizing native species, as primary colonizing tree species are only recently emerging as candidates for phytoremediation. Novelty statement The potential for native species to act as facilitators for vegetation colonization has rarely been investigated on tailings, despite wide use in remediation of less toxic sites. This study provides a retrospective of over 40 years of plant growth following initial treatment of toxic tailings. We observed that regardless of tailings geochemical conditions, acid/metal tolerant pioneer plants were facilitating ecological succession on acidic Ni-Cu mine tailings sites.

The complete chloroplast genome of Rhodobryum laxelimbatum (Hampe ex Ochi) Z. Iwatsuki and T. J. Koponen

Rhodobryum laxelimbatum (Bryophyta, Bryaceae) is one of the folk medicine resources in Southwest China, which has excellent potential for application in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this study, R. laxelimbatum was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology. The complete chloroplast genome is 124,632 bp in length with a quadripartite structure. Two inverted repeat regions are 9837 bp, separated by a large single copy region of 86,444 bp and a small single copy region of 18,514 bp. It encodes 118 unique genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 32 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the complete chloroplast genome sequences of 18 bryophytes, downloaded from GenBank and acquired in this study. The phylogenetic analysis strongly indicated that R. laxelimbatum was the sister group of the clade which consists of Mnium marginatum, Pohlia cruda and Pohlia nutans. The R. laxelimbatum chloroplast genome sequence provides new genomic resources, which will improve its research, conservation, and application in the future.

A CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans is involved in the resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress

In Antarctic continent, the organisms are exposed to high ultraviolet (UV) radiation because of damaged stratospheric ozone. UV causes DNA lesions due to the accumulation of photoproducts. Photolyase can repair UV-damaged DNA in a light-dependent process by electron transfer mechanism. Here, we isolated a CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, which encodes a protein of theoretical molecular weight of 69.1 KDa. The expression level of PnPHR1 was increased by UV-B irradiation. Enzyme activity assay in vitro showed that PnPHR1 exhibited photoreactivation activity, which can repair CPD photoproducts in a light-dependent manner. The complementation assay of repair-deficient E. coli strain SY2 demonstrated that PnPHR1 gene enhanced the survival rate of SY2 strain after UV-B radiation. Additionally, overexpression of PnPHR1 enhanced the Arabidopsis resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress, which also conferred plant tolerance to oxidative stress by decreasing ROS production and increasing ROS clearance. Our work shows that PnPHR1 encodes an active CPD photolyase, which may participate in the adaptation of P. nutans to polar environments.

A Class II CPD Photolyase and a 6-4 Photolyase with Photorepair Activity from the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans M211.

Antarctic mosses are the dominant vegetation in the Antarctic continent. Because of stratospheric ozone depletion, they can withstand physiological extreme UV. The formation of CPD and 6-4PP is one of the most harmful damages of UV to DNA. DNA damage can interfere with replication and transcription, resulting in mutation and death. Two types of photolyase, CPD photolyase and 6-4 photolyase, are capable of specific binding CPD or 6-4PP and repairing these lesions. However, there is little research on photolyase in Antarctic moss. Here, we isolated a gene encoding class II CPD photolyase (PnCPDPhr) and a gene encoding 6-4 photolyase (Pn6-4Phr) from Antarctic moss P. nutans M211. When exposed to UVB, CPDs accumulated in gametophytes and the gene expressions of PnCPDPhr and Pn6-4Phr were both up-regulated. In addition, the invitro expression and photoreactivation assays of PnCPDPhr and Pn6-4Phr were performed. Our results demonstrated that PnCPDPhr and Pn6-4Phr have an effective activity of DNA repair. This is the first study to determine the CPD accumulation in Antarctic moss as well as the first report isolating CPD photolyase and 6-4 photolyase from Antarctic moss. These results will enrich the knowledge of photolyase family and benefit the exploitation of functioning gene in Antarctic moss.

The flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans is involved in regulating oxidative and salt stress tolerance.

Flavonoids are the important secondary metabolites. They are thought to play an important role in plant adaptation to terrestrial environment. However, the downstream branching pathway of flavonoids in bryophytes, which are the most ancient of terrestrial plants, remains unclear. Here, we cloned a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene (PnF3'H) from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans and studied its function in plant stress tolerance. The Arabidopsis with overexpressing PnF3'H (AtOE) were constructed. The AtOE plants had more lateral roots and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type plants under oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the gene expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers (i.e., AtCAT3, AtFeSOD1, and AtCu-ZnSOD3) were upregulated in the AtOE plants, and the transcription levels of ROS producing enzyme genes were significantly downregulated. The AtOE plans showed increased sensitivity to NaCl stress or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment during seed germination and early root development. Furthermore, several stress-resistant genes in the ABA signaling pathway were also downregulated in the AtOE plants when compared with the wild-type plants. These results suggested that PnF3'H participates in regulating the oxidative tolerance and ABA sensitivity to enable P. nutans to adapt to polar environments.

Current State of Forest Moss Communities after Reduction of Emissions from the Middle-Ural Copper Smelter

The moss cover of forests in an 50×36 km area around the Middle-Ural Copper Smelter was analyzed after almost complete reduction of its emissions. It has been shown that the moss communities in the low and high pollution zones differ significantly in composition, number and frequency of species, but are characterized by a similar cover of ground mosses. The frequency of most species in the high pollution zones, compared to the low pollution zones, was decreased. A significant increase of the frequency in the pollution gradient was found for Pohlia nutans only. Species loss was expressed more strongly on the mesoscale (species richness within a community) than on the macroscale (the total number of species in a pollution zone). The elimination of species under increasing pollution was revealed for species with a low (up to 40%) initial frequency. Despite of the almost complete cessation of emissions from the smelter, the moss cover in the high pollution zones remains severely damaged and is formed by a single species (Pohlia nutans) over a significant area. However, localities with high species richness and high similarity of composition with the background communities occur even under high pollution conditions. The presence of such localities, in combination with a considerable time lag before the extinction of species from the study area as a whole, may have major significance for recolonization of degraded areas after emission reduction.

Epiphytic bryophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Olexandria” of the NAS of Ukraine

Investigations of the species diversity of epiphytic bryophytes of the State Dendrological Park “Olexandria” (the historical part and the “Budynok Lisnyka” plot) were conducted in 2017–2019 and revealed 40 species representing 22 genera, 17 families, seven orders, two classes, and two divisions. This corresponds to 46.51 % of the total number of detected bryophytes in the park. The leading families in the bryoflora of the park are Orthotrichaceae (9 species), Brachytheciaceae (6), Amblystegiaceae (3), Anomodontaceae (3), Dicranaceae (3), Hypnaceae (3), and Pottiaceae (2). The leading genera are Orthotrichum (9 species), Anomodon (3), and Dicranum (3).Among the identified taxa, five species (Dicranum tauricum, Orthotrichum lyellii, Porella platyphylla, Sciuro-hypnum reflexum, and Syntrichia virescens) are regionally rare within the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Most of the recorded epiphytic mosses were found on the bark of Acer platanoides (28 species), Fraxinus excelsior (27), Quercus robur (26), Acer campestre (23), and Tilia cordata (22). The least epiphytic mosses were found on the bark of conifers (Pinus sylvestris, P. strobus, Picea abies, Larix decidua, etc.).The surveyed trees in the State Dendrological Park “Olexandria” were also found such epigeal mosses as Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranella heteromalla, and Pohlia nutans, as well as epixilic moss Dicranum flagellare, etc.The “Budynok Lisnyka” plot hosts three species that do not occur in the park’s historical part. In particular, Lophocolea heterophylla and Sciuro-hypnum curtum were found there on Quercus robur trunks and Sciuro-hypnum reflexum on Quercus rubra bark. At the same time, the historical part of the park is characterized by the number of expansive bryophytes.

Phylogenetic and selection pressure analyses of cold stress-associated PAL-Like and Lec-RLK genes in antarctic mosses

Over time plants undergone abiotic changes often leading to genotypic and phenotypic level adjustments to ensure survival. Temperature is one of these factors that cause changes. Several organisms have been sequenced in recent years, creating ways to different direction biological and evolutionary issues. It has been allowed the use of these non-model biological systems for re-sequencing of close relatives, or the same species, as well as allowing the mapping and identification of gene families and genes of interest. For this work were focused on obtaining data from mosses available in the Sequence Reads Archive (SRA): Physcomitrium acutifolium (SRP093878); Funaria hygrometrica (ERP002608); Ceratodon purpureus (SRP004754); Pohlia nutans (SRP012293); Bryum argenteum (SRX845477). The data obtained were compared in bioinformatical environment in order to evaluate the GO terms in each plant transcriptome.The number of transcripts was expressed in a very divergent way among the organisms, with F. hygrometrica counting in value (over 100,000), while P. acutifolium in the same family had the lowest number of transcripts (∼ 27,000). Comparing the occurrences transcripts related to abiotic stress from the species used, were found GO terms for phosphorolization proteins coding genes expressed, such protein kinase-like activity, and transcriptions factor activities, as Lectin domain of the RLK group, as the most frequent ontology in all moss transcriptomes. Our findings allow us to direct the researches in order to understand how these regions act effectively in the molecular response to cold stress in plants, contributing to the understanding of this process during the evolution of green plants. Consequently, the findings may contribute to strategies for the assisted improvement of plants of agronomic and industrial importance.