School Of Poetry Research Articles

Slovenska poezija v gimnazijah

In this paper, I address the question of how to reform the curriculum for grammar schools, namely in the segment devoted to Slovenian poetry after the Second World War. I begin by setting out the starting points for my reflections, noting the importance of interpretation, outlining the place of poetry in schools and the wider public, and briefly outlining some of the main criticisms of the existing school canon. In the main part of the paper, I deal with a modified proposal for a list of required works on which I have included 10 female poets and 15 male poets. I have moved two authors to the list of free choice works (Lojze Krakar, Aleš Šteger), and added two more (Franci Zagoričnik, Jure Detela). To make the total number of poems roughly the same as before, I propose reducing the number of poems for some authors; for Šalamun, I also suggest replacing one of his poems. The biggest novelty is the last set, which includes authors born in the 1970s and 1980s: Veronika Dintinjana, Anja Golob, Katja Gorečan, and Nina Dragičević; I have also added Ada Škerl, Saša Vegri and Barbara Korun to the list in the relevant periods.

Teaching Poetry: What is Taught and What Should be Taught? Case Study of Secondary Schools Offering Literature in English at the Advanced Level in Rwanda

Teaching poetry as a literary genre has been a research topic of interest worldwide. However, the gap is observed in teaching poetry in secondary schools in Rwanda, where students are not given the quantity and quality of knowledge and skills they deserve. This descriptive study investigated poetry teaching practices and examined whether teachers are teaching what they should be teaching to equip students with critical thinking, analysis, and language skills. Adopting the descriptive research design and the mixed method approach, the study is built around three objectives: to explore how poetry is taught to students doing literature in English at the advanced level of secondary schools; to investigate the aspects of poetry that are often taught and those that are not; and to assess the challenges that teachers of literature in English face while teaching poetry. The study is guided by New Criticism Theory, Multimodality Approach, and Reader Response Theory. It used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from 22 teachers of literature in English selected purposefully from 16 schools that offer literature in English as a main subject at the Advanced Level. The study findings revealed that students are highly at risk as teachers of this subject exhibited poor competence in teaching and analysing poetry. Besides, some teachers don’t give poetry a focus, and others don’t teach it at all. The issue becomes more acute when one considers the general lack of adequate resources. The study recommends the University of Rwanda, the College of Education, REB, and their partners set policies for increasing teachers’ competences in the field of literature in general and teaching poetry in particular. Individual teachers of literature in English should feel confident while handling poetry as a literary genre. If an issue arises, instead of simply leaving out the topic, let them consult their colleagues in the nearby schools for a common understanding.

The Contribution of English Reading Materials to Improving Students' English Performance in Lower Secondary Schools in the Shyira Sector of Nyabihu District, Rwanda

This research aimed to examine the relationship between the use of English reading materials and the improvement of students' English language performance in Lower Secondary Schools in the Shyira sector. Based on the Simple View of Reading (SVR) and the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), the descriptive research design with a mixed approach was employed. Two selected schools were studied: one with a well-equipped library containing English reading materials and the other with a poorly equipped library lacking English reading materials. The study population consisted of 106 individuals, including 92 lower secondary students, 10 teachers, and 4 Deputy Head teacher in charge of studies /teachers, selected randomly from a population of 145. Primary data and secondary data were collected through questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively by use of excel and the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) while qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. The findings reveal the use of various reading materials, such as newspapers, textbooks, handouts, dictionaries, expert opinions, poetry, online readings, and adventure stories in Lower Secondary Schools in the Shyira sector. It was observed that the lack of English reading materials and libraries in lower secondary schools leads to poor English performance among students. The study suggests strategies to improve learners' English skills, including promoting the use of English reading materials, fostering a culture of reading, and motivating students to utilize libraries. Additionally, teachers should serve as English role models and actively encourage reading to enhance students' motivation.

خوێندنگە نيزاميەكان، دامەزراندن و بەرەوپێشچوونيان (٤٥٧-٥٩٠ك/١٠٦٤-١١٩٣ز)

The founding of the regular schools in the year (457AD/1064AD) by Nizam al-Malik as the minister of the Seljuk authority, is considered the oldest school, an organization independent of the mosque, and one of its primary goals is to stand in front of the Shiite current and their path, which then they turn towards the authority and dominance of the Abbasid Caliphate. There is no doubt that the presence of educational and scientific goals and the qualification of government employees in all institutions and departments concerned with the state, as well as providing the needs and stopping the regularities, has become an essential factor for the sustainability and independence of those schools. The Nizamiyah of Baghdad is one of the main centers that many Sunni scholars from the far corners of the earth in the Islamic world traveled to, and they wanted to become a teacher there. Regular schools were established in most of the different cities and regions in the Islamic world, and they began to pay attention to them, and reading the Qur’an was an essential center for study, not to mention other subjects such as Islamic sciences, and then they began to be interested in subjects such as (medicine and mathematics) and other sciences such as astronomy, astrolabe and sociology. The historians considered the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk Gol a person who established schools in the Islamic world, Since the idea of these schools “produced a kind of limited ideas according to the Shafi’i Sunni school of poetry, whose influence has been present throughout history and now onwards is clearly visible.

Attributive Features of F. I. Tyutchev’s Poetics

The article substantiates the idea of Tyutchev as a recipient of the Orthodox ideals of East Slavic literature. Four of the eight attribute properties inherent in it, which are of particular importance for Tyutchev’s poetry, are considered in detail: knowledge of God, grace, religion, conciliarity. As in ancient Russian literature, Tyutchev’s author appears as an instrument of the Creator, which is manifested in the practical absence of a lyrical hero in Tyutchev’s works and the activity of an epic narrator. For Tyutchev, the poet is a student of the Russian poetry school. The highest authorities for Tyutchev are Pushkin, Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Lomonosov, who, like himself, are only an instrument in God’s hands. The property of the knowledge of God for Tyutchev is associated with the image of a secret-seer, a contemplator of elevated spectacles: natural, historical, spiritual. In this regard, Tyutchev’s poetry abounds with natural, airy, heavenly images. Tyutchev’s image of the temple is also connected with the property of God-knowledge, which comprises the whole complex of dogmatic, historical and liturgical meanings. The property of grace in Tyutchev is especially manifested in love lyrics, acting as poetry of spiritual and moral self-exposure. Wounds inflicted in a personal relationship can only be healed by the gift of divine grace. Suffering and sacrifice for Tyutchev are the means of acquiring godlike properties: patience, meekness, humility, love. In Tyutchev’s mature lyrics, the property of religion manifests itself to a special extent, visibly appearing in the cycle of poems about Slavs and in polemical poems directed against Catholicism and Protestantism. They also actualize the category of sobornost’, which reveals itself in Tyutchev’s address to a fellow poet, a Slav poet. Tyutchev’s poetry thus appears as the place of struggle for the Truth, for Orthodox ideals, for his native word, native faith, and for his soul. It is a decisive refutation of Western individualism and secessionism and the affirmation of the ideals of Orthodox sobornost’.

The Correlation between Personality Type, Learning Motivation, and Ability to Read Poetry of Indonesian 10th Grade Students

The conditions of human personality and motivation significantly influence all activities undertaken, including during the learning process. The ability to recite poetry is one of the learning achievements in the Indonesian language subject in the realm of literature. This research aims to identify the conditions of personality types, learning motivation, and the ability to recite literary poetry in vocational school (SMK) students. In addition to describing each component, these three variables will be interconnected to determine the strength of the relationships that occur. The research method used is a quantitative method with a correlational research design. The population used consists of 10th-grade students at SMKN 12 Surabaya, with the research sample being 32 students from the X-2 class majoring in Creative Metal Crafts and Jewelry. Data collection is carried out using questionnaire and observation techniques. After the data is collected, a multiple correlation analysis is performed with the aim of demonstrating the relationship between the three research variables. The results of this research include: 1) The personality type of X-2 students majoring in Creative Metal Crafts and Jewelry at SMKN 12 Surabaya tends to be introverted; 2) The learning motivation of X-2 students majoring in Creative Metal Crafts and Jewelry at SMKN 12 Surabaya is in the Very Low category; 3) The ability to recite poetry of X-2 students majoring in Creative Metal Crafts and Jewelry at SMKN 12 Surabaya is classified as insufficient or falls into category D; 4) The personality type (X1) and learning motivation (X2) variables together have a positive and significant correlation in the Moderate category with the ability to recite poetry variable (Y), with a correlation coefficient value of 0.526.

Learning to Teach by Practice: Pre-service Teachers’ Experiences of Using Poetry Memorization, Dramatization and Recitation Pedagogy

In Uganda, poetry is a key genre in the Literature in English curriculum at the secondary and higher institutions of teacher education. However, many teachers, especially the novices, struggle with the teaching of poetry in secondary schools in Uganda. Current approaches to teaching support learner-centered pedagogy where learners are facilitated to fully participate in scaffolding their own interpretations of the subject content. Individual in-class poetry recitation is one such activity used to teach, and taught to, pre-service teachers of poetry because it promotes their participation and their general attitude towards poetry. In this paper, we present findings from a study about Makerere University pre-service teachers’ experiences of using individual in-class poetry recitations as a learner-centered strategy for teaching poetry. The research was carried out amongst one cohort of finalist teacher trainees of English and Literature using lecture observation, interviews and open-ended questionnaire research methods. A thematic analysis of the data revealed three themes that summarize their experiences with memorization, recitation and dramatization of poetry: recitation: facing the class; and pedagogical reflections. As we present these themes, we also draw some pedagogical implications for poetry classes from the actual recitation experiences of teacher trainees who participated in this study.

Interdisciplinary Teaching Strategies of Ancient Poetry in Middle School from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence

Interdisciplinary Teaching Strategies of Ancient Poetry in Middle School from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence

George Herbert as the Real Representative of the Metaphysical School of Poetry

George Herbert as the Real Representative of the Metaphysical School of Poetry

Evolution of Poetic Composition Theories from Shilin Shihua to Chengzhai Shihua

Ye Mengde, a well-known Chinese poet and poetry critic in the Song Dynasty, advocated the concept of implicit naturalness in his work, Shilin Shihua (Shilin’s Remarks on Poetry). He emphasized that the use of allusions in poetic composition should not be far-fetched and demanded that words and sentences be refined and hammered. Based on Ye’s insights, Yang Wanli, another famous Chinese poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, further developed the theory. In Chengzhai Shihua (Chengzhai’s Remarks on Poetry), he proposed that the essence of poetry lies in “poems being concluded while the taste remains eternal,” paid attention to the skillful integration of idioms and allusions, advocated the importance of creating “stunning verses” in writing poetry, and practiced what he preached by actively engaging in poetic composition. He shattered the traditional conventions of the late Jiangxi School of Poetry, created the unique “Chengzhai Style” characterized by freshness and liveliness, and injected a vibrant “poetic taste” into poetry, enhancing the role of poetic composition theory in guiding poetry creation practices.

Sylvia Plath’s Poetry in Multiple Versions: A Case Study of UK School Anthologies

The history of poetry anthologies created for use in compulsory nation-state education is largely untold. As material objects, school anthologies tend to be regarded as low status and ephemeral. Yet these objects have a lasting impact, as they facilitate encounters that are formative in shaping public understanding of poetry. This paper illustrates how two poems that are commonly featured in school poetry anthologies, Sylvia Plath’s “You’re” and “Morning Song,” encode a historical rationale for their material form in their bibliographic practices. It shows how “You’re” and “Morning Song” became “enregistered” (Agha 190) as acceptable tokens for the discussion of motherhood and domestic relationships by school-based adolescent readers with different social valuings of poetry and different levels of literacy. The case study of these two poems illuminates how poems in their multiple versions become established within a long-lasting and pervasive pedagogical canon of poetry. As such, the multiple pedagogical versions of poems have a value in constructing a complete story of the everyday “afterlife” of a poet’s work.

Nali al-Shahrazouri's creed opinions on prophecies Analytical research

Throughout the history of the Kurds, we have had many scholars and writers whose peers are few among the Kurds. Among them, a poet by the name of Mullah Khader—nicknamed Nali—rose to appearance. More significantly, he has been recognized as one of the primary figures in the development of Kurdish literature written in the Sorani dialect in the nineteenth century and the Kurdish classical poetry school. Therefore, as part of our accountability, we performed an excellent research of the terminology and idioms employed in his book by scholars and theologians. After many years, we no longer see writers and academics among the Kurds and other nearby nations caring for his literary works. As a result, we are carrying out this tremendous and historic duty in compliance with our religious and literary responsibilities.
 There is no doubt that in light of his being influenced by his readings of Arabic and Persian literature, which are rich in theological and religious subjects, including dogmas, he composed many poems against doctrinal and theological issues, including the prophetic aspect, issues of prophecy and the message, his view of the prophets and messengers, not to mention the hadith of the prophecy of our master Muhammad (PBUH), his understanding of it in The miracle, which motivated him more to compose many verses about this chapter and put them in his collection, is reflected in the strength of his strong faith, cultural and intellectual ties that he drew from the luminaries of the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic hadiths (PBUH). So; We seek, through this study, to know the extent to which he was affected by the faith, as well as to add high-end knowledge to the product of the Kurdish people's thought about one of their most prominent poets, and to answer many questions about what is raised about the literature related to faith and important verbal references. We realized that he was an inspiring poet and a man of knowledge in this field, and he had the upper hand in how to select the doctrinal and verbal terms and their consistency in a verse, even on several occasions, he fell into purely verbal discussions with his peers. It is worth noting that the study included two main topics and several demands, with reference to the most important results that we reached. By God, we ask that we were able to add new information, even by a line, to the history of our Kurdish thought.

«ҚЫРЫМНЫҢ ҚЫРЫҚ БАТЫРЫ» ЖЫРЛАР ЦИКЛІНДЕГІ ТАРИХИ ТОПОНИМДЕР

Annotation. In determining the general civilizational and national nature of the ancient Turkic song tradition, which has been going on since ancient times, the sequence of songs "forty heroes of Crimea" has a special place and importance. The song chain was sung orally among the Volga, North Caucasus, West Siberian Turks, as well as on the territory of Kazakhstan, Karakalpakstan. But not in the form of a whole, but individual songs are preserved in different versions. Mangystau region is the most fully preserved homeland of the zhyr chain compared to other regions of Kazakhstan. Because in this region there is a Special School of poetry, which promotes the "forty heroes of Crimea", through the representatives of the school, the text of the song has continued from teacher to student for centuries without interruption. This article presents the results of research on toponomastic names in the cycle of poems "forty heroes of Crimea", their relation to the history of Mangystau. Tomonomastic names in the text of the song indicate the exact location of the events in the song and provide data on the historical events that formed the basis of the plot of the song. Key words: forty heroes of Crimea, Nasir zhyrau, epic epic, epic science, toponomastic names, Serikbol Kondybay, nogayli.

The Ural school of poetry: An outsider’s view

The article considers the phenomenon of the Ural school of poetry, an umbrella term for verses written by Ural-based poets active in the 1990s–2000s. The author examines legitimacy of the term itself. Contemporary critics’ opinion is still divided about the existence of such a school, as the term ‘Ural school of poetry’ (or USP) may refer to both poets included in Ural regional anthologies as well as Ural-specific poetics. The study proceeds to enumerate key figures defining USP and to explore the school’s characteristic features and historical development. Citing reviews by modern critics of poetry, who at one point or another analyzed the phenomenon of USP, Batalov focuses on clearing up contentious issues. For example, whether B. Ryzhy is a USP poet (it is argued that he is not, as he saw the outside world and the city — the ‘fairytale Sverdlovsk’ — as the embodiment of a cruel paradise on earth, whereas other Ural poets portrayed the city as the realm of death); whether the school’s method has a future and whether USP has any influence on modern poetry in general.

도광․함풍 연간에 조선 사신들이 만났던 청나라 문인들 -『한객시존』의 자료를 중심으로-

Dao Guang(道光, 1821～1850) and Xian Feng(咸豐, 1851～1861) Period of the Qing Dynasty was a time when they faced internal and external conditions. During this period, evidential learning still held a leading position in the Qing Dynasty, but some writers began with a sense of crisis and promoted a useful learning for running a country, which drew support from the court and a favorable response from literature. On the other hand, Song School of Poetry had the greatest influence in literature at the time, and Song School of Poetry’s influence grew even greater with the addition of Tongchengpai writers with similar poetic tendencies.
 In this paper, the connections, exchanges, and tendencies of Qing writers who directly interacted with Joseon envoys during this period were examined based on changes in the Qing Dynasty’s academic style and literature. It is noteworthy that many of the writers who exchanged with Joseon envoys during this period were from Jinsa, so they had a high level of literature. In addition, it is presumed that many writers had a Suffering consciousness of friendship as they directly or indirectly participated in the Opium War or Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War.
 In terms of literary trends, it can be divided into Song School of Poetry and Tongchengpai , and in this paper, Zhang mu (1805-1849), who was a historian and had a very close relationship with the key figures of Song Si-pa, examined his academic trends, characteristics of poetry, and exchanges with Koreans. As for the Tongchengpai faction, the characteristics of poetry creation and friendship with Joseon writers were examined, focusing on the Zhu qi (朱琦, 1801～1861). Their academic trends and poetry style are thought to have had a certain influence on Joseon’s writers.

ROMANTICISM AND REMEMBERING

This article looks at the celebrated poem Elegy in a CountryChurchyard (1751) by Thomas Gray, and links it to the place of itsinspiration, Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire. The development ofEnglish churchyard memorials is considered, followed by a briefdiscussion of the Graveyard School of poetry, which consideredthemes of mortality and melancholy set in the context of burialgrounds. This formed a strand of proto-romanticism and wasinfluential across Europe. The poem is then analysed in terms of itsdiscussion of rural approaches to death and remembrance. A surveyof mid-18th century churchyard memorials at Stoke Poges is thenprovided, and their imagery discussed: most of these post-date thepublication of the poem. Thomas Gray died in 1771 and was buriedin the tomb of his mother and aunt. He subsequently received amemorial in Westminster Abbey. A later owner of Stoke Park, themanor house of the estate, John Penn, was eager to commemoratethe poet. He commissioned the celebrated architect James Wyatt todesign a memorial which would be visible from the main house.This was erected in 1799, and consisted of a sarcophagus raised on
 a tall base, the sides of which were inscribed with extracts fromthe Elegy. This was a highly unusual form of parkland memorialcelebrating a poet and his best-known work, which has subsequentlybecome one of the best-known verses in the English language.There is irony in that the poem is a discussion of rural humilityand yet was celebrated through an imposing monument, raisedby an extremely wealthy owner as a feature in his private park.

Development of Multimodal Mathematics and Indonesian Language Books for Elementary School Learning in Bandung Barat

This study aims to (1) develop multimodal mathematics and Indonesian language books for learning in elementary schools, (2) determine the feasibility level of multimodal mathematics and Indonesian books for learning in elementary schools. This study used the Borg and Gall development model research method which consisted of (1) preliminary study, (2) initial product development, (3) expert validation and product revision, (4) limited field trials and product revision, (5) test try the field and the final product. The resulting product is an Android-based learning media in the form of multimodal books for learning mathematics and Indonesian in elementary schools with the subject, integer arithmetic operations, mixed integer arithmetic operations, determining mixed arithmetic operations with whole numbers, looking for main ideas and writing poetry in elementary schools. Based on the formulation of the problem, research results, and discussion, the results of this study can be concluded that (1) the development of Multimodal Book considered several product characteristics, namely, (a) students play an active role, (b) precise and consistent language, (c) music selection, background, buttons, types, colors, attractive letters, (d) animations and images support elementary school students' understanding, (2) multimodal Mathematics and Indonesian Language Books for Elementary School Learning are appropriate to use and can improve the learning of Mathematics and Indonesian Language for Elementary School students in West Bandung Regency.

Making, Living and Remaking the Myth: Plath and Her Mythical World of Poetry

Sylvia Plath is a very well-known figure in American and English literature. She is the back of modern literature and the face of postmodern literature, as her works reflect the characteristics of both ages. She is one of the four main members of the Confessional School of Poetry, and most of her works depict the theme of self-obsession. Her poetry is the poetry of “I”, but what makes her poetry different from others is her use of myth in her craft. As she was very fond of dying and death, she has used various myths related to death or can, say, in an altered way. She has done it so artfully that with her subtle usage of myth in her poetry, she has become a myth. The central theme of her poetry, as well as her myth, is, as it is obvious, death and rebirth. As a confessional poet, she has never been interested in the life and death of other people but in her own. Each anthology of hers, chiefly Colossus, and Ariel, discusses the very theme. Many of her poems depict her desperate desire to die. Lady Lazarus, Ariel, Fever 103, and The Manor Garden are chief among them. These poems also depict this theme of morbidity through the subtle use of mythology. In this paper, the researcher is willing to discuss the Sylvian myth in the poem, Lady Lazarus, along with the original myth.

The negative psychological effects of waiting in Tennyson’s Mariana

The obvious definition of waiting is staying for a particular time, for a specific reason, and in anticipation of something. But the character of Mariana in Tennyson’s poem represents a novel form of waiting in poetry; she awaited something unexpected. The Victorians were very interested in studying the mind, and this interest was shown by the rise of the “Psychological School of Poetry” in the 1800s. Alfred Lord Tennyson is one of the essential poets in that school, interested in mental disorders. This study is going to examine how hard it is to wait in Tennyson’s Mariana, how Mariana’s sense is deteriorating by using different modes of representation such as temporal, auditory, and visual, and how she had a degradation in her psyche. This study also aims to demonstrate that the external portrayal of the landscape around Mariana reveals her inner mental state; in other words, the correlation between Mariana’s psychological condition and her surroundings in the poem by means of Mariana’s subjective perception. This paper concludes that the visual of rot and blight symbolizes the progressive psychological decline of Mariana’s character; the immediate shock and disgust in creating a sense of melancholy may slowly kill her. In addition, by this poem, Tennyson attempts to show that Mariana’s misery and suffering are connected to the Victorian era; as a woman in the Victorian age, she had limited options

The Enlightenment of Aesthetics to Middle School Poetry Education

The focus of aesthetic thinking is "the same truth, goodness and beauty", which is embodied in the practice-based historical materialism which is established to meet the needs of The Times. Aesthetics believes that the truth, good and beautiful origin lies in the material production practice of human society, which grasp the basic contradiction between the subject and the object, and will be separated in human activities in the natural world and the human world re-integration, in order to effectively make the subject into the reality of freedom, so as to win a happy and wonderful life. The aesthetics of winning a happy and wonderful life is mainly manifested in the early "freedom to know the world", the middle "freedom to transform the world" and the late "freedom to feel the world". These are undoubtedly very special inspirations for the middle school poetry education to shape creative talents and "sound personality" who "seek truth", "be good" and "worship beauty" and realize the new realm of "human development and integrity construction".