Pod Width Research Articles

A stable and major QTL region on chromosome 2 conditions pod shape in cultivated peanut (Arachis hyopgaea L.)

Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products. In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape, six component traits of pod shape (pod length, pod width, pod length/width ratio, pod roundness, beak degree and constriction degree) were measured using an image-based phenotyping method. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments. Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments. Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37% phenotypic variations. A novel, stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2, which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region. In addition, 73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45% phenotypic variations. These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of peanut pod shape.

Yield Comparison of Bina Developed Four Sesame Varieties Under the Agro-Ecological Conditions of Gopalganj District of Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted during kharif (summer) season 2021 at the substation of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Gopalganj, Bangladesh. Yield and yield contributing attributes of BINA developed four sesame varieties were observed during the trial. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications was performed. The varieties were V1 = Binatil-1, V2 = Binatil-2, V3 = Binatil-3 and V4 = Binatil-4. Results from the experiment revealed that plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, pod length, pod breadth, number of seeds pod-1, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were significantly different among the varieties. The tallest plant (106.00 cm) was found in Binatil-1 while shortest plant (77.33 cm) was observed in Binatil-3. It was observed that Binatil-2 had the foremost branches plant-1 (4.80) while the lowest number of branches plant-1 was found in Binatil-1 (0.33). Moreover, Binatil-3 showed the very best number of pods plant-1 (93.33) while Binatil-1 gave the lowest number of pods plant-1 (47.87). The largest pod was found in Binatil-1 (3.74 cm) while the smallest was found in Binatil-2 (2.42 cm). It had been recorded that Binatil-1 showed the maximum number of seeds pod-1 (76.97) while Binatil-3 gave the minimum number of seeds pod-1 (57.60). The highest number of thousand seed weight was recorded in Binatil-3 (3.12 g) while the lowest thousand seed weight was recorded in Binatil-1 (2.93 g). It had been detected that the variety Binatil-2 showed the highest seed yield (1.35 ha-1) while Binatil-1 gave the lowest seed yield (1.25 ha-1). The remarkable growth and yield performance of sesame from kharif season (summer) trial was observed at Binatil-2. And it will be helpful to select the varieties having high yield potential as well as future breeding materials of sesame in Bangladesh.
 Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 247-251

Assessment of Morphological Variation of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Ghana

Genetic diversity in crops is critical for advanced crop improvement as it provides alternatives for breeders to develop improved cultivars. Traditionally, morphological traits are used to evaluate genetic divergence and classify existing germplasm. Morphological characterization relies on plants possessing different phenotypic traits to identify the individual. Information on the diversity of peanut grown in Ghana is limited. This study was conducted to determine variation in peanut cultivars in Ghana through morphological characterization. Ninety-five accessions of peanut were collected from three sources across five administrative regions of the country that included farmers, open markets, and research institutes. Morphological characterization comprised 31 characters including 11 quantitative and 20 qualitative traits. Seventy-five percent of the accessions belonged to the fastigiata subspecies. The study revealed through cluster analysis that the accessions were only 30% diverse. Principal Component Analysis of the traits showed that yield attributing traits were the main factor that influences dispersion and superior accessions. These traits included seed length, growth habit, pod length, pod width, plant width, and main stem height. This study demonstrates that phenotypic diversity of peanut cultivars in Ghana is limited.

Основные характеристики сои овощной (Glycine max L. Merr.)

The soybean is an amazingly versatile crop, it is one of the most economically important leguminous crops, ranking first among them in the world in terms of cultivated areas. Edamame is a specialty soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) harvested as a vegetable when the seeds are immature (R6 and R7 stage) and have expanded to fill 80 to 90 percent of the pod width. Vegetable soybean is as nutritious as other soybean products, and a good source of protein, vitamins A, K and E, dietary fibres and ascorbic acid and its characteristic flavour is widely appreciated in Asia. Morphologically, edamame pods should have white pubescence, preferably sparse and soft; the hilum should be light brown or gray; the pods must have two or three seeds; most pods should be at least 5 cm long; days to R6 range from 77 to 93 days after sowing; 100-seeds weight of vegetable soybeans (230 g – 250 g); the pods should be completely green, with no hint of yellowing. The consumption of edamame can also really contribute to reducing nutritional deficiencies in people, through its great nutritional content and good health benefits. The variety of vegetable soybean varieties is significant in China, but not enough in other countries, they can vary in height and early maturity. Therefore, it is very important know which varieties are suitable for cultivation in different regions of Russia, what their vegetation period, nutritional value and productivity.

Fasulyenin Bakla Özelliklerine Gübre Dozlarının Etkisinin Araştırılması

The bean plant is a legume plant that binds free nitrogen of the air by the nodosity formed in the roots. For this reason, it was aimed to investigate the effect the pod of bean characteristics of bean by applying different doses of phosphorus and nitrogen on Göksun beans cultivar. In the study, 0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1 phosphorus and 0, 4, 8, 12 kg da-1 nitrogen doses were applied to Göksun bean variety. The pod length (cm), pod width (mm), pod diameter (mm), number of pods per plant (edet), weight of a single pod (g), number of seeds per pod (pieces), weight of single seeds (g) of Göksun bean cultivar were investigated. In the research, it was noted that the effect of phosphorus doses only on the pod diameter, the effects of nitrogen doses on the pod length, pod diameter, pod width, single seed weight and seed number of pod were significant. The differences in number of pods in the plant, seed number of pods, pod length, pod weight, single seed weight in terms of phosphorus and nitrogen interaction were founded statistically significant. According to the results of the research, it was determined that 4 kg da-1 and above nitrogen dose applications made a positive contribution in terms of pod properties

Farklı Nohut Çeşitlerinin Kışlık Yetiştiriciliğinin Araştırılması

Yield performances differ according to the environment in which the plants are grown. In order to determine the chickpea cultivars suitable for Kahramanmaraş province, 17 different chickpea cultivars were tried during the growing seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Among the characteristics examined in the study, flowering times, pod bind times, first branch height to years, varieties and years variety interactions were significant as statistical. There were statistically significant differences in terms of plant height, years and year × variety interaction. The number of pods, pod length, pod width created statistically significant differences in terms of years and cultivars. The differences among the cultivars in terms of grain yield were found as statistically significant. It was determined that the effects of years, cultivars and year-variety interactions on the first pod height, number of branches, and pod diameter did not have a statistically significant. At the end of the two-year study, it was concluded that Seckin, Arda, Hasanbey, Çagatay, Azkan, Ubet, Damla 89 and Aslanbey chickpea cultivars can be recommended due to the over grain yield of 300 (345-301) kg from per decare in Kahramanmaras conditions.

Studies of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient for various characters in French Bean

The research was conducted during the Rabi season of 2019-2020 on 32 genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to evaluate genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The genotypes were studied for 13 different characters of growth and yield attributing characters in Randomized Block Design with three replications for each genotype. All characters recorded higher PCV value over GCV thereby indicating the influence of environmental factors in their expression. High heritability observed in all the characters studied and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance found in the parameters viz. number of pods per plant, average pod weight, 100 seed weight and pod yield per plant. Correlation coefficient analysis showed pod yield had significant and positive correlation with number of pods per plant, pod length, average pod weight and 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect w.r.t pod yield per plant was brought about by the parameters viz. 100 seed weight, days taken to marketable maturity, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, average pod weight, pod width and pod length hence, should be given more importance for genetic improvement to bring about an increase in overall production of french bean through enhanced pod yield per plant. SAARC J. Agric., 20(2): 83-91 (2022)

Genetic Variability Parameters and Character Associations among Yield Attributing Traits in Advanced Backcross Lines of Groundnut

Groundnut is currently a major industrial oilseed crop with good commercial significance. It is highly variable in phenotypic characters and thus it is important to investigate the variations and associations of these morphological features. 20 advanced Groundnut lines were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design along with parental lines and two checks and they were evaluated for 13 traits. Significant variations were revealed in analysis of variance. High GCV (20.21) coupled with high heritability (91.2) and GAM (39.77) were observed is plant height suggested that environment had lesser influence on the expression of this trait, as this character is governed by an additive gene action, making them effective for selection. High heritability combined with low GCV and GAM were recorded in oil content, days to 50 percent flowering, shelling outturn and number of secondary branches per plant revealed that non-additive genetic variation played a significant role in the expression of this trait thus, selection for this character would be inefficient. Pod yield per plant showed a positive and significant association with seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, pod length, pod width and number of pods per plant. Path coefficient analysis have revealed that positive direct effects towards pod yield per plant were reported for seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, pod length, pod width, and number of pods per plant. Thus the characters seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of secondary branches per plant which are the most essential characters contributed significantly towards higher pod yield per plant.

Genetic dissection of and genomic selection for seed weight, pod length, and pod width in soybean

A biparental soybean population of 364 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Zhongdou 41 × ZYD 02.878 was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with hundred-seed weight (100-SW), pod length (PL), and pod width (PW). 100-SW, PL, and PW showed moderate correlations among one another, and 100-SW was correlated most strongly with PW (0.64–0.74). Respectively 74, 70, 75 and 19 QTL accounting for 38.7%–78.8% of total phenotypic variance were identified by inclusive composite interval mapping, restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association analysis, 3 variance-component multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model analysis, and conditional genome-wide association analysis. Of these QTL, 189 were novel, and 24 were detected by multiple methods. Six loci were associated with 100-SW, PL, and PW and may be pleiotropic loci. A total of 284 candidate genes were identified in colocalizing QTL regions, including the verified gene Seed thickness 1 (ST1). Eleven genes with functions involved in pectin biosynthesis, phytohormone, ubiquitin-protein, and photosynthesis pathways were prioritized by examining single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation, calculating genetic differentiation index, and inquiring gene expression. The prediction accuracies of genomic selection (GS) for 100-SW, PL, and PW based on single trait-associated markers reached 0.82, 0.76, and 0.86 respectively, but selection index (SI)-assisted GS strategy did not increase GS efficiency and inclusion of trait-associated markers as fixed effects reduced prediction accuracy. These results shed light on the genetic basis of 100-SW, PL, and PW and provide GS models for these traits with potential application in breeding programs.

Assessment of Yield and Quality Attributes of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum. L) Varieties under Shade House Condition

The present study investigated the yield potential of fifteen varieties of Garden pea from various sources across the country. As there is no specific high yielding genotype of Garden pea recommended for cultivation in Bangalore region, which is located on the Deccan plateau, it is a main challenge to identify a suitable high yielding genotype for southern region of Karnataka so as to recommend for similar situations. The varieties were evaluated for yield and quality attributes at Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, India between October- January 2019-20 and 2020-21. Most of the major yield and quality contributing characters were significantly differed in the experiment. Experiment was carried out by using Randomized complete Block Design out of the fifteen varieties tested, highest pod length (10.98 cm), pod weight (9.38 g), pod width (2.87 cm), number of pod per plant (19.35), yield of pods per plant (92.62 g), per plot (3.15 kg), per hectare (157.50 q ha-1 tonnes) were recorded in T10 (Arka Apoorva), and number of green peas per pod (9.87), were recorded in T9 (Arka Karthik). Whereas T3 (Kashi Nandini) produced the days to first flower (41.56), and days to fifty percent flowering (52.08) were observed in T7 (PSM-4). Garden Pea being one of the most suitable vegetable crops for Rabi cultivation, the identified varieties could be raised by the farming community of the region for enhanced yield and economic benefits.

Effect of Genotypes and De-Topping on Growth and Yield of Okra

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture in Sylhet Agricultural University to evaluate the growth and yield performance of three okra genotypes (viz. BARI Dherosh-1, BARI Dherosh-2 & RAJ F1) under special management practices (viz. de-topping & non de-topping) from March to July 2022. The two factor experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. BARI Dherosh-1 showed vigorous growth nature having maximum yield and yield contributing characters viz. the highest plant height (20.46 cm) at 30 DAS (Days After Sowing) and at 1st harvest (108.23 cm ), early flowering (51.33 days), the maximum number of leaves per plant (4.71), number of branches (2.96), number of pods per plant (43.80), the highest individual pod weight (20.96 g), pod yield per plant (916.75 g) as well as per hectare yield (30.53 t) than the other two genotypes. Contrary, the lowest individual pod weight (18.80 g), pod yield per plant (638.72 g), and per hectare yield (21.28 t) were produced by genotype RAJ F1. Due to removing apical parts at 30 DAS, the shortest plants were observed in the de-topping system (85.69 cm). Again, Individual pod weight (20.87 g), pod yield per plant (887.95 g), and per hectare yield (29.57 t) were higher in non de-topping system than the de-topping system. Considering the interaction effect, BARI Dherosh-2 performed better under non de-topping system having the highest pod breadth (2.05 cm) and pod yield per plant (1007.86 g) and per hectare yield (33.56 t). Actually, de-topping at 30 DAS had no beneficial effect on yield or yield contributing characters. So, BARI Dherosh-2 might be recommended for the Sylhet region to ensure maximum benefit without de-topping.

Genetic Variability Analysis and Association of Traits in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces Collected from Ethiopia at Jimma

This study was conducted on one hundred common bean landraces at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Melko, with the objective of assessing genetic variability and association of traits in common bean landraces collected from different parts of Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a simple lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. This highly significant difference indicates the existence of large variability among genotypes. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for plant height (19.43, 11.73), pod length (11.27, 10.69), and 100-seed weight (15.42, 12.74). High heritability in the broad sense was found for days to 50% flowering (66.98), days to 90% maturity (87.43), pod length (90.03), pod width (78.23), harvest index (98.67), and 100-seed weight (68.31). High genetic advance as a percentage of mean with high heritability was obtained for pod length, pod width, harvest index, and hundred seed weight. Grain yield had a positive and significant association with pod length (rp = 0.153 ∗ , rg = 0.282 ∗ ∗ ) and 100-seed weight (rp = 0.294 ∗ ∗ , rg = 0.492 ∗ ∗ ). Hundred seed weight exerted the highest positive direct effect (0.294) on grain yield at genotypic level. The D2 classified landraces into 7 clusters and one solitary, which makes them moderately divergent. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters VII and IV. The first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one altogether explained about 79.56% of the total variation. In conclusion, the top high-yielding landraces, namely, P#1247, P#1092, P#1077, P#861, P#990, P#763, P#58, and P#857, should be included in the next breeding program. 100-seed weight had the highest direct effect and a positive significant association with grain yield. Thus, it should be considered as the selection criteria for further common bean yield improvement. However, the current result is merely indicative and cannot be used to draw definite conclusions. Therefore, the experiment should be replicated in different locations and seasons for greater consistency.

Study of Genetic Variability in Production Traits of Pea (Pisum sativum) Genotypes

Background: An experiment was carried out to measure genetic variability for yield and yield related traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes in the Instruction cum Research Farm of Horticulture section Rajarshi chhatrapati Shahu maharaj College of Agriculture Kolhapur(Maharashtra) during winter season in the year 2018. Methods: To identify genotypes for further breeding these genotypes were evaluated in RBD design with two replications. All genotypes were grown 15 m long ridges with plant to plant distance maintained at 30 cm. To reduce experimental error, cultural practices were performed uniformly for all genotypes. Data was collected from five randomly sampled plants from each genotype and each replication. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes in plant height, length of pod, width of pod, number of grains per pod, shelling percentage, moisture content, tenderness, pod yield per plant.among genotypes in growth characters Result: plant height at 15 and 30 days after sowing and upto maturity PARL-4 genotype was the best. In observation days at 50 % flowering ,colour character of the PB-29 genotypes was recorded significantly taken minimum days. In observation average number of branches overall PARL-4 genotypes was significantly highest number of branches. In weight of dry matter the genotypes IC-80-45 max.wt of dry matter.The estimates of heritability highest was found in width of pod(94.33%) number of pods per plant(93.46%), number of grains per pod (89.69%) pod yield per plants (83.51%),length of pod(80.56%) shelling percentage (77.04%) and days to 50% flowering (64.66%) heritability were moderate for tenderness (47.52%), moisture content (47.13%) and plant height at maturity (33.46%)The highest estimate of genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for pod yield per plant (94.69%), average number of branches per plant (42.05%), number of pods per plant (41.06%), number of grains per pod (30.04%) and tenderness (25.91%). Among tested genotypes PARL-4, PB-29, IC-80-45 performed better for future generation.

​Construction of Selection Indices by using Different Economic Coefficients in Indian Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

Background: Most of the plant characters are governed by polygenes and greatly influenced by environmental conditions. The progress of breeding is conditioned by the magnitude, nature and interrelationship of genotypic and non-genotypic variation. In most of the crop improvement programs, the improvement of one trait may cause advancement or deterioration in associated traits serves to emphasize the need for simultaneous consideration of all traits which determine the economic value of a genotype. Methods: The present investigation was undertaken for Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] to construct efficient selection indices for selecting best progenies. The experiment was conducted with 55 progenies with checks GNIB-21 and GNIB-22 in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. An attempt was made to build a selection index by taking 3 different type of economic weights viz. equal weight [W1], genotypic correlation coefficients [W2] and genotypic path coefficients (Direct effect) [W3]. Result: It has been seen that genetic gain of Indian bean of selected progenies observed higher with equal weight method as compared to weight assigned method with genotypic correlation coefficients and genotypic path coefficients (Direct effect). It has been concluded that the selection of progeny based on seed yield per plant, plant height, pod width and days to maturity provide higher genetic gain in Indian bean.

Do Reproductive Traits of Invasive Populations of Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae), Outperform Native Populations?

Reproductive traits are among the most important factors in determining the success of species establishment and invasion in a new area. Studies on transcontinental invasions have revealed that invasive species perform better in the invasive range than in their native ranges. We assumed that the same regularity exists in intracontinental invasions and thus investigated whether the reproductive traits of Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius, perform better in the alien invasive range in Europe compared to its native range in the same continent. The aim of this research was to reveal the potential and realised fecundity of C. scoparius in its native and invasive ranges, as well as relationships with the size of pods, habitat type, and how these traits vary at the same site in different years. The results of this study were not able to unambiguously confirm our hypothesis that C. scoparius in the invasive range in Lithuania, specifically in the southern part of the Boreal biogeographical region, outperform plants in the native range with regard to the analysed reproductive traits. Potential fecundity of C. scoparius in the native range was significantly higher than in the invaded range; however, realised fecundity was not significantly different between the native and invasive ranges. The pod length was similar in both ranges, whereas the pod width was significantly greater in the invasive range than in the native range. The results suggest that the number of ovules per pod, number of matured seeds, and the size of pods are related with the type of habitat and local environmental conditions in the habitat. Although many studies on other species have confirmed higher fecundity and overall better performance of plants in the invasive range than in the native range on other continents, this rule probably cannot be applied for intracontinental invasive species occurring in relatively close geographical regions to their native ranges.

Effect of Conjoint Application of Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources on Yield and Economics of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Background: French bean is an important legume vegetable crop. Due to its low ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, excess amount of nitrogenous fertilizers are required by this crop as compared to other legumes. Overwhelming application of inorganic inputs has severely impacted environment and soil. So, there is a need to reduce inorganic inputs by adding organic nutrient sources. Methods: A three-year field experiment was laid comprising of eight treatment combinations and was replicated thrice during Kharif season of 2018, 2019 and 2020. Seeds of French bean cv. Green Wonder were sown at a spacing of 45 × 15 cm in each plot of size 3.0 m × 1.8 m. Recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK 50:100:50 kg ha-1) was followed as per different treatment details. Result: Application of 75 per cent NPK through inorganic and 25 per cent N through vermicompost resulted in minimum days to first pod harvest (61.89 days), maximum pod width (7.67 mm), number of pods per plant (30.96), plant height (51.29 cm), average pod weight (5.70 g), marketable pod yield (130.53 q ha-1) and highest benefit cost ratio (2.18) along with maximum net returns (Rs. 313061.43 ha-1).

Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.)

Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L. Taub) popularly known as "Guar" is an important legume crop mainly grown under rainſed conditions in arid and semi-regions of Rajasthan during kharif season. The main objective is to optimize the concentration of NPK, FYM, Vermicompost, PSB, Rhizobium, which can be applied in the treatment of the soil, to maximize the crop yield and find out the most treatment combination of plant growth, yield and quality. This study was conducted in the horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) from July 2021- October 2021 to investigate the impact of organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.). The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine Treatmentsconducted in the horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) During from July 2021- October 2021. The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine treatments with three replications. The results revealed that T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1) – performed the best in terms of Plant Height (140.22), Number of Branches (21.39), Length of Pods (25.00), Width of Pods (3.70), Weight of Pods (4.10), Number of cluster per plant (21.60), Number of Pods per plant (89.17), Number of seeds per pod (11.80), Number of Pod yields per plant (196.87), Number of pod yield per plot (68.03), TSS (12) B:C Ratio (2.5:1). Therefore, the treatment T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1) is the best when compared to other treatments. As, the highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1). i.e., (2.5:1) which states that is economically profitable compared to all other treatments.

Effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of garden pea

An experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (BAU) during rabi season of 2018−19 to see the response of garden pea to manure and fertilizers. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertilizer or manure), T2: Cowdung + Poultry manure + Mustard oilcake, T3: Vermicompost + Poultry manure + Mustard oilcake, T4: Urea + TSP + MoP + Gypsum and T5: Cowdung + Urea + TSP + MoP + Gypsum. The experiment was designed in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Urea, TSP, MoP and gypsum @ 45, 90, 40 and 50 kg ha−1 were used as sources of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur, respectively. Cow dung, poultry manure, vermicompost and mustard oilcake were applied @ 30, 25, 2.5 and 0.025 t ha−1, respectively. The results showed that the treatment T5 significantly gave the highest values of vegetative growth and yield attributing characters’ i.e., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod breadth, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, pod weight, pod yield and seed yield per hectare. The lowest values of growth and yield attributing characters were recorded with T1. Sole chemical fertilizers (T4) showed better performances than T2 and T3. Treatment T5 gave higher result than T4. So, for obtaining the highest growth and pod yield of pea (cv. BARI Motor3), treatment T5 (Cowdung + Urea + TSP + MoP + Gypsum @ 30 t ha−1, 45-90-40-50 kg ha−1) could be the best combination. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2022, 47(1): 121-129

Evaluation of genetic variation in segregating population of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the most important grain legume crop grown worldwide and used as food and fodder. An experiment was undertaken to elucidate the genetic variability in five inbred parents and their 17 F4’s derivatives in pea evaluating ten characters during the winter season of 2017-2018 at the research farm, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Analysis of variance explored significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. Phenotypic coefficients of variation were close to genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters indicating less influence on the environment and potentiality of selection. High heritability associated with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, pod per plant, hundred seed weight, and seed yield per plot. Days to 50% flowering and days to first flowering showed a highly significant positive correlation at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height showed a highly significant positive correlation with pods per plant, seeds per pod, and seed yield per plant. Pod length showed a highly significant positive correlation with pod width and hundred seeds weight. Pods per plant, pod width, and seeds per pod showed a highly positive correlation with seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight. Only days to first flowering showed a highly negative correlation with pod length and hundred seed weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, pod per plant, and seeds per pod had a highly positive effect on yield per plant. Therefore, the yield improvement of pea is plausibly possible by associating and selecting those plant traits. Furthermore, two crosses such as Zhikargacha×IPSA Motorshuti 1 and Zhikargacha×IPSA Motorshuti 2 may be chosen for further breeding programs. SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 29-39 (2022)

Genetic Variability and Correlation Study in Determinate Type Progenies of Indian Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

Aims: In India, the Indian bean is a popular vegetable and legume crop. An attempt was made to analyze the variability, correlation as well as direct-indirect effects using path analysis for yield and its sub-characters.
 Place and Duration of Study: Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. In Rabi 2019-20.
 Methodology: The investigation was conducted using 55 genotypes in a randomized block design using three replications. Total of eleven quantitative traits were studied and data was collected from ten random plants from each genotype.
 Results: ANOVA depicted sufficient variability present among the genotypes for all traits. Plant height, racemes per plant, pods per raceme, pod weight, pods per plant, pod width, and seed yield per plant showed moderate to high GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) and PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation), moderate to high heritability, and moderate to high genetic advance as a per cent of mean. Plant height, racemes per plant, pods per plant, pod weight, and pods per raceme were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant at the genotypic level. Pods per plant had the most favorable direct effects (0.736) on seed yield per plant, subsequently by pod weight, seeds per pod, pods per raceme, pod length, pod width, plant height and days to maturity.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that sufficient amount of variability is present within the material under study. The selection for pods per plant, pods per raceme, pod weight, pod length, pod width, plant height, seeds per pod and days to maturity would be easy and useful in bringing about improvement of seed yield in Indian bean.