Number Of Pods Research Articles

Development of Faba Bean Genotypes for Broomrape Tolerant and Foliar Diseases Resistance in F\(_2\) Factorial Crosses

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. The first experiment was in a naturally Orobanche- free field and the second one was in a naturally Orobanche-infested field. In each experiment sixteen F2 crosses and their parents were sown. The sixteen F2 crosses were produced by a 4 x 4 factorial mating design in F1 and selfed to give F2-crosses. The data were then analyzed using a line x tester design. The main objective of this study was to develop new promising faba bean genotypes that are able to produce high yield, resistance to foliar diseases and broomrape tolerance. Significant differences among all genotypes mean square were observed for all studied traits under both growth conditions. The parents, crosses and their interaction mean squares were detected for all traits in the two environments. The mean squares of lines were significant and/or highly significant for flowering date and 100-seed weight under both conditions, while number of pods per plant was significant under normal condition, in addition to the number of seeds per plant and broomrape dry weight per plant under infested broomrape condition were significant and highly significant, respectively. Mean squares of testers were significant for chocolate spot at the two conditions; rust disease, plant height, number of pods and seeds, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight under normal condition. Lines x testers mean squares were significant for all traits in both conditions, except for number of branches and 100-seed weight. L1 and L4 and the parental testers T4 were considered more resistance parents to foliar diseases under both environments. The crosses; L2 x T3, L2 xT4, L3 x T2, L3 x T4 and L4 x T4 were considered resistant to foliar disease and had an earlier flowering date. The testers, T3 and T4 showed significantly the highest values of number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight under both conditions, while the crosses; L3 x T4 and L4 x T4 had the highest values for seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight under both conditions. The parental L2 and T4 were considered good combiners for chocolate spot and rust diseases under both environmental conditions, while L1 and T4 performed as good combiner parents for number of seeds and seed yield per plant. The cross; L2x T3 performed as good specific combiner cross for foliar diseases under both conditions. The crosses; L2x T3, L3xT4, L3 x T1and L4 x T4 had highly significant (sij) values for the No. of seeds and seed yield per plant under infested soil condition. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values ranged from 5.52% to 84.01% and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values ranged from 3.18% to 79.21%. Broad-sense heritability (H) ranged from 72.98% to 99.29%, and narrow sense heritability (h2) ranged from 2.3% to 21.38%. Expected genetic advance (Ga) ranged from 0.03 to 0.71, and predicted genetic advance (Ga%) ranged from 8.21% to 10.86%.

Phenotypic variation and association of agronomic traits in tepary bean genotypes under drought-stress and non-stress conditions

Genetic variation for economic traits associated with drought adaptation is a prerequisite for developing climate-smart crop varieties, including tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray). This study aimed to assess the magnitude of genetic variation and the relationship of agronomic traits among 45 tepary bean genotypes under drought-stress (DS) and non-stress (NS) conditions and to identify key traits to aid in the selection of genotypes for drought-tolerance breeding. The study was conducted across three locations in 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 seasons using a 9 × 5 alpha lattice design with two replications. Significant (p < 0.05) genotypic variation was observed for assessed traits under DS and NS conditions. Under DS and NS conditions, seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with the number of pods per plant (NPP) (r = 0.50 and r = 0.57, respectively) and above-ground shoot biomass (r = 0.34 and r = 0.29, respectively). This implied that simultaneous selection for these traits may improve seed yield gains. Highly statistically significant positive direct effects on seed yield were recorded for NPP under both DS and NS conditions. The following genotypes were high yielding and suitable for cultivation in drought-prone environments: G40138, G40042, G40148, G40136, G40150, G40144A, G40066A, G40020, G40022, G40069, G40068, G40063, G40129, G40133 and G40134.

Identification of Best General and Specific Combiners for Soybean Improvement

The present study on general combining ability effects and specific combining ability effects involves 15 parents viz., lines RKS 18, RKS 113, AUKS 199, AUKS 200, AUKS 212, RVSM 2011-35, JS 20-98, AUKS 202, AUKS 208, AUKS 218, JS 21-72, NRC 165 and tester JS 20-34, NRC 138, SL 958 with their 36 F1 hybrid through Line x Tester mating system. The present investigation was undertaken using Randomized Block Design with three replications. The combining ability effects were estimated for thirteen characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-Seed weight, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, protein content and oil content. The result showed that gca effects of parents and sca effects of hybrids were significant differed. Among the parents, AUKS 212 was found to be good general combiner based on the per se performance and gca effects for seed yield and other contributing traits and four hybrids AUKS 113 x SL 958, RVSM 2011-35 x NRC 138, AUKS 199 x JS 20-34 and NRC 165 x JS 20-34 were superior high sca effects for seed yield and yield contributing traits. These crosses can be utilized in future breeding programmes and exploitation of better segregants through pedigree method or single seed descent method in advance generations for improvement of yield and yield attributes coupled with quality traits sound soybean genotypes.

Genetic Variability and Trait Association in desi and kabuli Chickpea

Comprehensive assessment of genetic variability necessitates the integration of diverse genetic parameters beyond mere phenotypic observations. Sixty-one desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes were assessed for genetic potential and character associations. High GCV%, PCV%, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for number of effective pods per plant, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight, total number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, harvest index and biological yield per plant. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant and positive correlation as well as highest positive direct effect with harvest index and biological yield per plant. These traits were considered during further selections in chickpea improvement programmes.

Effects of KNO3 Seed Priming and Fertilizer Management on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) in a Temperate Agro-climate

Green gram (Vigna radiate L) is one of the most important nutritive pulse crop. It is an excellent source of protein with high quality of lysine. Seed priming techniques are used to improve germination, to reduce the time between sowing and emergence and for uniform emergence in the main field, especially under adverse environment. Keeping in view the nutritive importance of green gram, an investigation was carried out to assess the effects of seed priming and nutrient management for higher yield in green gram at research farm of Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Wadura SKUAST-K Sopore during kharief-2021&amp;2022 and the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with twelve treatments viz T0-Control,T1-Priming with 1% KNO3,T2-RFD,T3-RFD+ Priming with 1% KNO3,T4-1/2RFD,T5-1/2RFD+ Priming with 1% KNO3, T6-1/4RFD,T7-1/4RFD+ Priming with 1% KNO3,T8-1/2RFD+VAM,T9- 1/2RFD+VAM+ Priming with 1% KNO3,T10-1/4RFD+VAM and T11-1/4RFD+VAM+ Priming with 1% KNO3. Among the treatments studied in both years, highest number of pod cluster per plant (9.66 and 9.33), number of pods per cluster (18.33 and 19.00), number of seeds per pod (13.00 and 13.33), 1000 -seed weight (43.66&amp; 44.50 g) and yield per hectare (12.83 &amp;13.30 q) respectively were noticed with full recommended dose of fertilizer along with seed priming by 1% KNO3.

Effects of cypermethrin on morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of Cicer arietinum (Fabales: Fabaceae)

Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is a widely employed pesticide in large-scale commercial agriculture and domestic settings to control pests and boost crop yields. Despite its effectiveness in controlling pests, concerns persist about the potential ecological and human health impacts associated with its use. In the present study, the impact of cypermethrin on different parameters, including growth indices, pollen morphology and pollen fertility, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, was investigated in Cicer arietinum L. The results showed that plants exhibited decreasing trends in plant height, number of branches, pods, and seeds per plant as cypermethrin concentrations increased. These changes resulted in significant reductions in the overall yield of the plants. The percentage of wrinkled pollen significantly increased with higher concentrations of cypermethrin and longer exposure durations. Exposure to cypermethrin showed significant variations in pollen fertility of C. arietinum at different concentrations and time intervals in comparison to control, which had a baseline pollen fertility of 79.12% ± 4.59. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of C. arietinum were considerably affected by cypermethrin, indicative of potential disturbances in essential photosynthetic processes crucial for plant health. Further, with increasing concentrations of cypermethrin ranging from 100 mg/L to 500 mg/L, noticeable effects were observed on H2O2− scavenging, MDA concentration, SOD and CAT activities of C. arietinum in dose-dependent manner. Further, it was found that the duration of exposure and concentration of cypermethrin played a crucial role in exacerbating these detrimental effects. The findings of the present study raise concerns regarding the harmful effects of agricultural pesticides like cypermethrin and highlight the need for more research on the nutritional value of products derived from plants and seeds exposed to these agents.

Optimizing Nutrient Management for Enhanced Performance in Kadiri Lepakshi Groundnut

The study was conducted to determine the optimal fertilizer levels for Kadiri Lepakshi groundnut. The experiment consists of eight treatments and was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The present investigation was conducted at Integrated Farming System demonstration plot, ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru Karnataka, during the summer of 2022 and Kharif 2023. Five plants from the sampling area were randomly selected and observations on growth and yield parameters were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. The results revealed that among the various nutrient levels, application of 100 % RDF combined with Phosphogypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values for plant height (32.95 cm), number of branches per plant (12.60) and dry matter production at harvest. This treatment also led to a substantial increase in the total number of pods per plant (59) and filled pods per plant (48) in groundnut, performing on par with the treatment that included 100% RDF, Gypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 (with 57 and 44 pods, respectively) when compared to other treatments. The similar trend was observed with respect to pod yield (2327 kg ha-1), kernel yield (1580 kg ha-1), and haulm yield (3594 kg ha-1). So, the application of 100% RDF with Phosphogypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 significantly enhanced growth attributes (plant height, branches per plant, and dry matter production) and yield parameters (pods per plant, filled pods, pod yield, kernel yield, and haulm yield) in groundnut. This indicates that Phosphogypsum is an effective source of calcium and sulfur for boosting groundnut yield.

Genetic Variability in Fusarium Wilt Resistant BC2F1 Lines of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) Variety Githika for Yield and its Related Traits

Yardlong bean is a highly popular and profitable vegetable traditionally cultivated in the humid tropics of Kerala and is an inexpensive source of vegetable protein. Developing sustainable host plant resistance mechanisms, such as using the backcross method to introduce single-gene resistance into susceptible crop varieties, is crucial for reducing losses due to Fusarium wilt. In the present study Thirty-five resistant backcross progenies (BC2F1) of Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) variety Githika were evaluated for various genetic parameters for yield and its related traits using Completely Randomized Design at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for traits such as the number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, crude protein content. High Heritability(H) and High Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) were observed for traits such as Number of pods per plant, Pod weight, Pod length, Number of seeds per pod, Pod Yield per plant, Crude fibre and Crude protein content. This significantly suggest that additive gene action is predominant in these traits and low reliance by environmental factors on these traits, making such character a good candidate for direct selection. The study helps in assessing genetic variability to identify traits as well as lines with maximum similarity with recurrent parent which could be used for further crop improvement program.

Evaluation of Chickpea Production under Different Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Background: Chickpea is a prominent leguminous crop cultivated in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. Historically, it is planted during the spring season as a rainfed crop in the area, characterized by its unpredictable and frequently inadequate precipitation. Methods: To examine the impact of various levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield components of the Adel cultivar of chickpea, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm in Jolgeh Rokh District in Torbat-e Heydarieh (35.19 N, 59.45E) throughout the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The experimental treatments included three levels of nitrogen: 30, 75 and 150 kg ha-1 as urea fertilizer. The irrigation was applied at three levels: full irrigation, one supplementary irrigation at the flowering stage and two supplementary irrigations at the flowering and pod filling stages. The studied traits included grain yield, biological yield, the number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds per pod. Result: Our results showed that different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of seeds per pod, pods per plant and biological and grain yield. The interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. In this study, the interaction between the full irrigation treatment and 75 kg N ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in all traits (except biological yield) compared to other treatments. Furthermore, one irrigation at the flowering stage with 150 kg N ha-1 caused a significant decrease in all of the studied traits. The combination of full irrigation and 150 kg N ha-1 treatment had the highest biological yield (8.9 t ha-1), while its grain yield was 1854 kg ha-1. Therefore, by maintaining moisture levels during the critical period of chickpea growth and utilizing balanced nutritional levels, particularly nitrogen at rates of 30 and 75 kg ha-1, the yield of chickpea can be increased.

Pilot Evaluation of Field Pea Accessions Under Water Deficit Conditions

Field pea, a key pulse crop for sustainable agriculture, faces significant production challenges due to drought, exacerbated by extreme climatic changes. This study evaluated 17 field pea plant introductions (PIs) and two commercial varieties under greenhouse conditions to assess their performance, determine the relationships between agronomic traits and grain yield (GY), and identify genotypes with stable yields under drought stress. Two water treatments were applied: 100% field capacity for well-watered (WW) and 60% field capacity for water deficit (WD) conditions, with drought stress imposed 21 days after planting. Significant genotypic variation was observed under both conditions. Water deficit significantly reduced GY, the number of pods per plant (NPP), plant height (PH), aboveground dry vegetative biomass (ADVB), and days to maturity (DTM) while increasing stomatal density on both adaxial (SD.ADX) and abaxial leaf surfaces (SD.ABX). Traits associated with GY in WW, such as NPP, PH, ADVB, and SD.ADX, showed stronger correlations under WD, with DTM being significantly associated with GY only in WD. Top-performing genotypes in both conditions exhibited higher pod numbers, increased aboveground dry vegetative biomass, late maturity, and lower adaxial stomatal density. Notably, PI 272215 was identified as a top performer under both conditions, with an 88% yield stability index. PI 180702 demonstrated comparable performance to PI 272215 but with no yield loss under the same conditions. These findings can be used for future field pea breeding programs aimed at developing drought-tolerant field pea varieties.

Estimation of Nature and Magnitude of Correlation among Different Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The present investigation aimed to study correlations among different traits in chickpea, specifically indicated that the traits —days to 50% blooming, days to maturity, harvest index (%), plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seedweight (g), and seed output per plant. Compared to the matching phenotypic correlation coefficient, the estimations of genotypic correlation were greater. It could be the consequence of the environment's altering influence on the genotypic level of character association. Harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of major branches per plant, number of pods per plant, biomass per plant, and 100-seed weight at the genotypic level all showed a statistically positive connection with the seed output per plant. At the phenotypic level, the following variables demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with seed yield per plant: harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of major branches per plant, number of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. These correlations showed that enhancing the aforementioned traits can increase seed output.

Haricot Bean (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Phaseolus vulgaris&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Varieties Adaptation Trial in Buno Bedele and Ilu Ababor Zones, South West Oromia

Haricot bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems and lack of improved varieties. Hence, this experiment was conducted with the objectives of to test the performance of released improved Haricot bean varieties on yield and yield related components and Insect and disease resistant varieties for the study at Western parts of Oromia. The experiment was conducted in Buno Bedele (D/Hana) and Ilu Ababor (Bure) districts during 2020 to 2021 cropping season. Nine (9) improved Haricot bean varieties were used as testing materials. The experimental design was RCBD with three replications. Data were collected on six quantitative morphological traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of seed per pod, pod length and grain yields. Analyses of data revealed significant varietal differences (P&amp;lt;0.05) in grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, seed per pod and for plant height. However, no significant varietal differences were observed in Number of pods per plant. SER 119 and SER 125 varieties were significantly yielder than the rest and recommended as promising variety under the study area. Therefore, these two varieties are recommended for demonstration and further scaling up.

Effect of Different Organic Liquid Formulations on the Growth and Yield of Soybean: A Case Study from North Konkan Region of Maharashtra

This case study investigates the influence of the six different organic formulations on the growth and yield parameters of soybean (Glycine max L.), which is a popular vegetable oilseed in India. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications was considered to carry out the field experiment during rabi seasons of year 2022-23. Well-formulated organic liquids, namely Jeevamrut, Panchgavya, Vermiwash, Cowdung wash, Cow urine, and a Control, were applied as part of an integrated nutrient management (INM) approach. Key observations were recorded for various parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, length of pod, number of seeds per pod, test weight, pod yield, seed yield, and straw yield. The study indicate that Panchgavya (T2) was most effective among the treatments, showing highest seed yield of 1223 kg/ha and a corresponding straw yield of 2144.5 kg/ha. The outcomes of the study would be beneficial for other crops currently facing many challenges related to quality and yield due to the use of chemical-based treatments.

Assessment of Character Association in Pole Type French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Vijayapura during Rabi 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications. To study the association studies in 32 pole type French bean genotypes. The correlation studies revealed that pod yield per plant was found positively and significantly associated with number of pods per plant (rg=0.668 and rp=0.620), pod length (rg= 0.526 and rp =0.431), average 10 pod weight (rg= 0.657 and rp = 0.660), number of pods per cluster (rg=0.373 and rp= 0.344) and number of clusters per plant (rg =0.365 and rp= 0.345) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. The direct selection for these traits would be rewarding for improvement of pod yield per plant in pole type French bean.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) Using Metroglyph Analysis

Pulses like greengram are essential for sustainable agriculture and global food security due to their high protein, complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, their genetic diversity is underexplored, with existing studies mainly focusing on conventional methods. This study aims to estimate the variability parameters for 16 quantitative characters of greengram to classify the genotypes using Metroglyph analysis and assess genetic divergence to identify divergent parents for future hybridization programs using 45 greengram genotypes using Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. Among 45 genotypes of greengram on the basis of mean performance MGG-351(12.959) followed by MGG-347(43.16 q/ha), VBN -2 (41.12 q/ha), GM-3(40.8 q/ha) and MGG-385(39.8 q/ha) were found superior for grain yield. High GCV and PCV is recorded for Harvest Index and Number of primary branches. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean are recorded for number of primary branches, harvest index (%), number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, seed index, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant. On the basis of Metroglyph analysis, the total index score was varied from 24 (SHAKTI) to 38 (SIKHA) with a mean of 31.84. Among the 45 germplasm lines, the genotypes GM-3, MGG-385, SML-1663 and MGG-371were observed as high yielder and identified for higher index score. Scatter diagram plotted with Plant Height and Harvest Index has revealed that 5 clusters could be distinguished on the basis of morphological variation. Cluster -1 was represented by 24 genotypes, Cluster -2 was represented by 10 genotypes, Cluster-3 was represented by 7 genotypes, Cluster-4 was represented by 3 genotype, Cluster -5 was represented by 1 genotype. From those complexes, the germplasm lines, SIKHA and MGG-371 recorded high index score and fell into different cluster, hence used as parents in hybridization for getting desirable transgressive segregants.

Effect of Optimization Use of Nutrient on Yield and Productivity of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of optimization use of nutrient on yield and productivity of mung bean, variety “SML-832‟ was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of ten treatments. The data recorded maximum yield attributes such as number of pods per plant (13.35), number of seed per pod (8.52), grain yield (1170.55 kg/ha), stover yield (3260.47 kg/ha) and maximum net return (67329.45 Rs/ha) and B:C ratio (2.28) was recorded with T8-100% RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel) + Vermicompost @ 1.0 t ha-1 + Rhizobium. The minimum yield and profitability obtained with control treatment. Therefore, conclude be application of 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 1.0 t ha-1 + Rhizobium are indigenous sources of nutrient to enhance yield and productivity of mung bean.

Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)

Background: Pulses are significant in India's agricultural economy not only for their worth as human food, but also for animals because of their high protein content. Pulses have unique ability of maintaining and restoring soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation as well as addition of ample amount of residues to the soil. Mung bean, also known as green gram (Vigna radiata) is a small green, and cylindrical-shaped legume that is widely cultivated in various parts of the world, including India, China, and Southeast Asia. Methods: The present study was carried out during the summer season of 2024 at Research Farm, School of Agriculture, OM Sterling Global University, Hisar. Seven treatment combinations comprising organic manures and biofertilizers were tested in randomized block design in three replications. Result: The results revealed that the yield and yield attributes viz., number of pods per plant (15.90), length of pod per plant (10.76 cm), number of seed per pod (11.05), 1000 grain weight per plant (37.00 g) and seed yield (1197 kg ha-1); Economics viz., gross returns (128212 ₹ ha-1), cultivation (43823 ₹ ha-1), net returns (86189 ₹ ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (3.05) were maximum in the treatment of Jeevamrutha @ 3000 l ha-1 through three splits at sowing, 30 and 45 DAS + Rhizobium +PSB. Whereas, significantly minimum for all above parameters were recorded under control.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kambing terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil pada Dua Varietas Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Poor choice of varieties and the decrease in soil fertility are among the few variables that can affect long peanut productivity. The aim of this research is to study how the dose of goat fertilizer and long bean varieties affects the growth and yield of long beans. The research was a factorial experiment with two factors and three replications using the Randomized Blok Design (RBD) method. The first factor, the dose of goat manure 0 ton ha-1(k0), 10 ton ha-1(k1), 20 ton ha-1(k2), 30 ton ha-1(k3), and 40 ton ha-1(k4). The second factor was long bean varieties Kanton Tavi (v1) and Katrina (v2). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. The results of the experiment showed an interaction in the parameters of plant height 7 DAP and 14 DAP, number of leaves 14 DAP, 21 DAP, 28 DAP, number of pods per plant, and pod weight per plot. A dose of 30-ton ha-1 (k3) goat pen fertilizer produced a healthy amount of beans on the cantonese Kanton Tavi variety (v1) with X optimum (v1) = 29,08 ton ha-1 and Y maximum (v1) = 21,86 ton ha-1 and on Katrina variety (v2) X optimum (v2) = 25,15 ton ha-1 and maximum y (v2) = 20,56 ton ha-1.

Unravelling genetic variability for yield and contributing characteristics in green gram [vigna radiata (L.) wilczek] germplasm

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an essential crop for food, feed, and income generation in rice-based farming systems across Southeast Asia and other regions. Its popularity stems from its good taste, high nutritional value, and ease of digestion, making it a promising crop for enhancing livelihoods. However, despite its significance, mungbean productivity remains low, primarily due to environmental stresses and a lack of sufficient genetic variability. This study examines the variability, heritability, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, and genetic advance among yield-contributing traits in green gram germplasm. A total of 450 germplasm lines were evaluated alongside check varieties, revealing significant variation, with the analysis of variance showing notable differences across nearly all traits. The mean sum of squares for the germplasm was highly significant for all phenotypic traits. Several traits exhibited high estimates of heritability and genetic advance, viz., the number of branches/ plants, number of clusters/ plants, number of pods/ clusters, pod length, test weight, and seed yield/plant, indicating their potential for direct selection in breeding programs. These findings suggest that additive gene effects play a dominant role in controlling these traits, with minimal environmental influence, making simple phenotypic selection an effective approach. The results provide valuable insights for advancing green gram breeding programs focused on improving yield and quality through targeted hybridization and trait selection.

Approaches for Genetic Analysis of Chickpea Genotypes under Late Sown Condition

Investigation of the genetic potential of chickpeas is crucial in order to achieve durable and high-yielding genotypes. The goal of this study is to identify the genetic potential and personality traits associated. Evaluation of thirty-six desi genotypes of chickpea under late sown condition revealed that substantial degree of variation was present, while three traits viz., Leaf pattern, flower colour, seed shape and plant pigmentation were found monomorphic, whereas foliage colour, seed surface were dimorphic,polymorphic traits were noted in leaflet size, plant growth habit, plant height, seed colouring, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. Magnitude of genotypic coefficient ofvariations, high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean recorded forharvest index, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant and number of effective pods per plant.Correlation and path analysis revealed biological yield, 100 seed weight, seed per plant, harvest Index and plant height are the mostimportant characters,while imparting selection as these exhibited strong association and maximum positive direct effects on seed yield per plant.Intra cluster D2 values showed that most diverse genotypes were Phule G13110 and PG 0104, hybridization program between these genotypes may generate desirable sergeants for various yield attributing traits. Genotypes GL 12021, PG 158, PG 0104, JG 24, H 12-62, IPC 2010-134, GNG 2261, GL29098, BG 3067, IPC 2012-98, Phule G13110 and RVSSG 38 were present in more than one PCs hence contributed maximum towards yield and can be used in various breeding programmes for yield improvement under late sown condition.