PNF Pattern Research Articles

Effects of Head and Neck pattern of PNF combined with conventional balance training in older adults with balance impairment – A Randomized control Trial

BackgroundFalls are a prevalent and serious concern among individuals in their older life. Residual impairments, such as balance and gait deficiencies, reduced sensory processing, and diminished strength, are the common causes of falls. Balance and mobility deficits can last for years and are linked to a high rate of falls (>6 months). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation is neuromuscular re-education in which sensory receptors are stimulated to provide information regarding body posture and movement. ObjectiveTo identify the effects of Head and Neck Pattern of PNF combined with Conventional Balance training in elderly. MethodsA total of 40 subjects were randomly assigned to the Experimental Group (Group A) and the Control Group (Group B) (Group B). The following were the criteria for inclusion: Subjects aged 60–80 years old, of both genders, who had experienced one or more episodes of loss of balance in the previous 12 months, were ambulating independently, had a Mini-mental scale score of 24 or higher, and were ready to participate. Subjects with heart or lung disease, chronic neurological diseases, mental illness, an acute orthopaedic ailment, or a head injury were excluded. ResultsGroup A showed greater improvement when compared to Group B (p < 0.05) Comparison of Pre and Post values of FAB and CBMS showed significant difference (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that PNF Pattern based Exercises when combined with Conventional Balance Training is effective in training individuals with balance impairment.

Efficacy of Fascial Stretch Therapy: PNF Pattern of Deep Back ARM Line in Patient with Mechanical Neck Pain: A Quasi Experimental Study

Background: Mechanical neck pain is most prevalent in this era, fascia is the soft tissue component of the connectivetissue network that pervades the human body and creates a continuous, three-dimensional structural supportmatrix throughout the entire body .stretching the fascia with the principles of fascial stretch therapy enables us totreat those patients.Methodology: 15 Subjects were assigned in single group and underwent fascial stretch therapy –Proprioceptiveneuromuscular facilitation pattern technique for a period of 1 weeks and this study used a purposeful samplingtechnique to assign patients.Conclusion: The data were analysed using paired T test at 5% level of significance. There was a significantimprovement on pain and range of motion in the group. This study revealed that there is a significant improvementin pain and ROM on subjects who underwent fascial stretch therapy.

A Meta-analysis Of Effectiveness On Interventions To Improve Balance, Gait, And Upper Extremity Function In Persons With Stroke.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of interventions for improving balance, gait, and upper extremity function in persons with stroke. METHODS: The National Assembly Library, Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), Korea Research Information Service(KISS), and Academic Paper Knowledge Service(Dbpia) were searched from 2016 through October 2021, 48 randomized controlled trials studies were selected for the final inclusion to the study. Each implemented intervention for persons with stroke and reported that balance, gait, and upper extremity function were chosen as outcome measures and complied with methodological standards according to 11 evaluation items of AMSTAR(Assessment of Multiple Systematic Review). For analysis, meta-analysis programs CMA ver.3 and SPSS 23.0 were used and total of 646 subjects (389 males, 257 females) were studied, and excluding unreported data, 122 hemorrhages and 200 patients with infarction were analyzed. The effects of intervention type, time, duration, frequency per week, and dependent variables were analyzed. RESULTS: As a result, among the intervention program, walking backward (0.915) was the most effective, followed by compound exercise (0.821). And the intervention time was found to be most effective when it was performed for 60 minutes (1.241), twice a week (0.888), and for 12 weeks (0.952). And the age range was 71-75 years old (1.010), and the onset period was found to be effective in 51-60 months (1.155) and less than 10 months (1.016). By dependent variable, in balance, the backward walking intervention (1.071) showed the greatest effect, followed by the PNF pattern exercise (0.639). In walking ability, PNF pattern exercise (0.905) was the most effective, followed by balance exercise (0.781). Lastly, for upper extremity function, virtual reality intervention (0.637) was the most effective, followed by mirror therapy (0.558). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, findings of the present study suggest considering different intervention strategies to improve the balance, gait, and upper extremity function in persons with stroke.

Electromyography Activity of Vastus Medialis Obliquus and Vastus Lateralis Muscles During Lower Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Patterns in Individuals with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.

Exercise therapy to strengthen quadriceps muscle is recommended in rehabilitation program for people with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). This study aimed to investigate the electromyography (EMG) activity of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and VMO/VL ratio during PNF in individuals with and without PFPS. 26 persons with PFPS and 26 healthy subjects participated to study. All subjects performed PNF patterns (Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation (D1FL), Extension-Adduction-External Rotation (D2EX), D1FL+ load, D2EX+ load) and straight leg raise (SLR). The normalized EMG activity of VMO, VL and VMO/VL ratio were measured and analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. There were significant main effects of group and exercises for the both VMO and VL (p<0.05). It was found that except SLR and D2EX, in the other motions PFPS group had lower VMO activity compared to healthy group (p<0.05). For VL except SLR, in the other motions PFPS group had lower VL activity too (p<0.05). The PNF patterns activated VMO more than SLR, however it was not significant (p>0.05). Also; there weren't any significant difference between the two groups in VMO/VL activation ratios. Also, performing the PNF patterns with load increased VMO and VL muscles activity significantly (p<0.05). It also found that in PFPS group the VMO/VL ratio values in PNF patterns were significantly more than SLR and the highest VMO/VL ratio value (0.96) was found during D2EX. The PNF patterns due to provide optimal VMO/VL ratio value than SLR and proper balance between these two muscles can be recommended in rehabilitation of individuals with PFPS.

PNF스트레칭 및 PNF패턴운동이 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향에 관한 비교 연구

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there are significant exercise performance differences in the three fitness factors (power, agility, and flexibility) when conducting PNF stretching and PNF pattern. In order to evaluate performance, power was performed by Vertical Jump(VJ), agility by Side Step(SS), and flexibility by Modified Sit and Reach(MSaR).<BR> The subjects of the study were randomly selected 10 male students at S University in Seoul who had not musculoskeletal disease and neuro/cardiopulmonary system abnormality.<BR> For the measurement of the study, this study compared the maximum potential using the Telemyo 2400T System (Noraxon, USA).<BR> The results of the first study showed that the power(VJ) of PNF Pattern group was significantly better than PNF Stretching group. Second, the agility(SS) of PNF Pattern group was significantly better than PNF Stretching group, and the third, flexibility(MSaR) showed the same result as the previous results. However, none of the three fitness factors showed significant differences in the muscle activity when conducting PNF stretching and PNF pattern.

Functional and Synergistic Relationship of Pelvic Floor and Some Hip Joint Muscles

Background and Aims Pelvic Floor Muscle (PFM) training is the primary therapeutic intervention of PFM dysfunctions. In addition, strengthening some other muscles such as; Gluteus Maximus, Obturator Internus, Adductor Magnus, and D2 extension PNF pattern is suggested as complementary therapeutic methods. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic relationship between these muscles and PFM function using Transabdominal Ultrasonography and bladder base displacement. Methods Twenty-one healthy multiparous women, aged 20-40 years, participated in this cross-sectional and analytical study. Transabdominal Ultrasonography was used to measure the bladder base displacement. The following five different interventions were randomly performed, 1) PFM contraction, 2) Gluteus Maximus contraction, 3) Obturator Internus, 4) Adductor Magnus contraction, and 5) D2 extension PNF pattern. All participants did contractions three times with a 30 second rest period between each contraction. The mean of three measurements in each position was compared with the PFM contraction. Kolmogorov-Smirnov fitness test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A level of P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results The main effect of all interventions was significant compared to the contraction of the PFM (P=0.0001 and F=392.9). The amount of the bladder wall base displacement during Obturator Internus contraction and PNF D2 Extensor Pattern was more significant than the PFM contraction and in the same direction. With the Gluteus Maximus muscle contraction, the bladder base displacement was more significant than the contraction of the PFM. Still, in the opposite direction, and with the contraction of the Adductor Magnus muscle, it was approximately equal to the contraction of the PFM (P≤0.0001). Conclusion This study showed that the contraction of Adductor Magnus, Obturator, pelvic floor muscles, and also the PNF D2 Extensor Pattern could increase the bladder base displacement, which could confirm the synergistic relationship between these muscles and the PFM. However, this relationship was not observed in Gluteus Maximus muscle contraction.

A CASE REPORT ON IMPORTANCE OF SHOULDER PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING AND PNF TECHNIQUES ALONG WITH CONVENTIONAL EXERCISES IN FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY OF THE INDIVIDUAL WITH ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS SECONDARY TO ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOSIS.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adhesive capsulitis is a condition where there is inammation of shoulder capsule (capsulitis) which in turn causes bands of sticky connective tissue (adhesions) between the joint's surfaces. Due to this (1) shoulder movement becomes painful and often completely restricted .The purpose of this case report is to highlight Importance of Shoulder Proprioceptive training and shoulder PNF techniques using theraband and inatable ball (30 cm) along with Conventional exercises in Functional Recovery of the patient with adhesive capsulitis secondary to rotator cuff tendinosis. CASE DESCRIPTION A 66-year-old female who presented with right shoulder pain and neck pain and limited range of motion (ROM) since 1 month with a past medical history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypothyroidism on medication was diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis secondary to rotator cuff tendinosis based on clinical examination, ROM assessment, Radiographical investigations-MRI and past medical history. INTERVENTION The patient was treated for a total of 10 physical therapy sessions over the span of 2 weeks. Interventions included were incorporating shoulder proprioceptive exercises with a help of inatable ball and textured towel, shoulder PNF patterns using Red theraband along with cryotherapy(icepacks),mobilizations (Maitland grade 2) with oscillatory techniques, therapeutic exercises, Active assisted ROM exercises with the help of a wooden wand, capsular stretching, myofascial trigger point release, postural correction exercises, strengthening and home exercise program. Outcome measures included ROM goniometric measurements, pain rating scale, Angle reproduction test for proprioception, Manual muscle testing and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This case report conclude that appropriate combinations of interventions including shoulder proprioceptive exercises with an inatable ball, shoulder pnf patterns(D1-D2) , stretching, mobilisations, MFR and strengthening exercises resulted in an improvement in overall functional performance of the patient with adhesive capsulitis secondary to rotator cuff tendinosis .An improvement in post-test scores of Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) , ROM , DASH scores was observed after 10 sessions. Rationale for treatment was based on various research articles. The treatment was altered based on patient's need and response.

The Effects of PNF Pattern Training on the Walking Ability of Total Knee Replacement Patients

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern to improve walking ability of total knee replacement patients. In this study, 10 patients with total knee replacement were recruited from rehabilitation hospital. They were divided into two groups: a PNF group (n=5) and a control group (n=5). The PNF group received 30 minutes of continuous passive motion (CPM) and PNF training for 15 minutes five times a week for two weeks. The control group received 30 minutes of CPM and strengthening exercise for 15minutes five times a week for two weeks. Spatiotemporal parameters were measured by Biodex gait trainer 2. After the training periods, the PNF group showed a significant improvement in walking speed and step length on the non-operated side, time on each foot on the operated side (p&lt;0.05). The results of this study showed that PNF pattern training was more effective at improving walking ability. Therefore, improve the walking ability of total knee replacement patients, PNF lower pattern should be considered.

The Effects of PNF Pattern Training on the Walking Ability of Total Knee Replacement Patients

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern to improve walking ability of total knee replacement patients. In this study, 10 patients with total knee replacement were recruited from rehabilitation hospital. They were divided into two groups: a PNF group (n=5) and a control group (n=5). The PNF group received 30 minutes of continuous passive motion (CPM) and PNF training for 15 minutes five times a week for two weeks. The control group received 30 minutes of CPM and strengthening exercise for 15minutes five times a week for two weeks. Spatiotemporal parameters were measured by Biodex gait trainer 2. After the training periods, the PNF group showed a significant improvement in walking speed and step length on the non-operated side, time on each foot on the operated side (p&lt;0.05). The results of this study showed that PNF pattern training was more effective at improving walking ability. Therefore, improve the walking ability of total knee replacement patients, PNF lower pattern should be considered.

The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Ryngier P. The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players. Physiotherapy Review. 2021;25(1):12-23. doi:10.5114/phr.2021.104598. APA Ryngier, P. (2021). The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players. Physiotherapy Review, 25(1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.5114/phr.2021.104598 Chicago Ryngier, Paweł. 2021. "The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players". Physiotherapy Review 25 (1): 12-23. doi:10.5114/phr.2021.104598. Harvard Ryngier, P. (2021). The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players. Physiotherapy Review, 25(1), pp.12-23. https://doi.org/10.5114/phr.2021.104598 MLA Ryngier, Paweł. "The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players." Physiotherapy Review, vol. 25, no. 1, 2021, pp. 12-23. doi:10.5114/phr.2021.104598. Vancouver Ryngier P. The Influence of Selected PNF Patterns on Kinaesthetic Force Differentiation Ability in Young Football Players. Physiotherapy Review. 2021;25(1):12-23. doi:10.5114/phr.2021.104598.

Effectiveness of Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Trunk Control in Children with Spastic Diplegia:A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: One of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder seen in children is Cerebral palsy and it is associated with lifelong disability. Impaired trunk control effects performances of daily life such as sitting, reaching and walking. It is evidenced from studies that pelvic asymmetry is common in children with CP. The PNF patterns of pelvis not only exercises the pelvic motion and stability, but also facilitates trunk motion and stability. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of pelvic PNF techniques on trunk control in children with spastic diplegia. Method/Design: 36 diplegic children irrespective of gender, age group between 8-15 years were recruited for the study. The intervention group received pelvic PNF along with the conventional therapy for 4 weeks. The control group received conventional physiotherapy in form of truncal exercises for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes used were TCMS and PALM. Results: The results showed that there is an improvement in the TCMS score after the application of pelvic PNF techniques on children with spastic diplegia. Conclusion: Application of PNF along with conventional therapy helps in improving trunk control and reducing disability in children with spastic diplegia.

Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Pattern on Respiratory Parameters in Chronic Bronchitis

Aim: To study the effect of PNF pattern on respiratory parameters in chronic bronchitis. Objectives: To find the effect of PNF pattern on respiratory parameters and to compare the effects of pursed lip breathing and PNF pattern in chronic bronchitis. Materials and Method: 60 patients were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria by consecutive random sampling and were divided into two groups, group A (Conventional-PLB) and group B (D1 & D2 flexion and extension) - with 30 patients in each group. The treatment was given for 2 weeks thrice a day. After 2 weeks effect of interventions were assessed by taking Respiratory Rate (R.R), Oxygen Saturation (SpO 2 ) and FEV 1 /FVC. Results:. There was significant difference in R.R, SpO 2 and FEV 1 /FVC seen with PNF pattern exercises. The intra group comparison showed significant improvement in R.R, SpO 2 and FEV 1 /FVC. The inter group comparison showed no significant improvement in SpO 2 and FEV 1 /FVC except R.R Conclusion: PNF pattern has shown significant improvement in SpO 2 , R.R and FEV 1 /FVC.

Effects of dynamic exercise utilizing PNF patterns on the balance of healthy adults.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of dynamic exercise utilizing the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns accompanied by the abdomen drawing-in on balance of healthy adults. [Participants and Methods] The total number of participants was 30, and 15 were randomly placed in the training group (TG) and 15 in the control group (CG). The participants in the TG have conducted the 3 sets to 5 sets of dynamic exercise utilizing the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns per day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The balance was measured by the Terax, a balance-measuring device with force plates. [Results] Comparing the TG’s balance pre-test and post-test, there was a statistical significance in stability score (SS), weight distribution index (WDI), CD force plates and AC force plates (A: left rearfoot, B: left forefoot, C: right rearfoot, D: right forefoot). [Conclusion] Dynamic trunk stabilization exercise utilizing the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns seem to help increase the balance of healthy adults.

Effect of CLX Training Combined with PNF Pattern on Balance Ability

Effect of CLX Training Combined with PNF Pattern on Balance Ability

Remote after-effects of resistive static contractions of lower trunk depressors and upper extremity on maximal active range of motion of ankle extension in ankle fractures

Direct approaches to improve maximal active range of motion (MAROM) of restricted joints may be difficult because of pain or weakness of agonist and/or antagonist muscles. Resistive static contraction (SC) of posterior depressors (RSCPD) using a PNF pattern in the mid-range of pelvic motion increases the flexibility of remote joints, such as the upper shoulder and knee, as remote after-effects in the clinic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the remote after-effects of RSCPD on the MAROM of ankle plantar flexion in patients with isolated ankle fractures. Thirteen patients with ankle fractures (7 men and 6 women, mean age 50.9 years, SD 11.9 years) were randomly assigned to resistive SC of shoulder flexion on the affected side (SCUE), RSCPD on the affected side, and SC of the affected ankle extensors. Each SC was induced by resistance (20% MVC) generated by a manual force using a handheld dynamometer. The duration of each resistive exercise and stretch was 20 s. The % MAROM change for ankle extension after each technique was calculated by subtracting the MAROM before each technique. The mean (SD) MAROM was 3.32 (11.35)% for RSCPD, 0.64 (6.25)% for SCUE, and −5.65 (8.05)% for SC. A two-way Anova for the %MAROM change showed significant main effects for technique [F (2.24) = 3.84, P = 0.04, partial eta squared = 0.24] and individual ( P = 0.32). A post-hoc Scheffe test indicated that the % MAROM change for RSCPD was significantly larger than that for SS ( P = 0.04). RSCPD showed a significant improvement over SC, which suggests that RSCPD may have immediate remote after-effects that improve flexibility of the plantar flexor muscle in patients with ankle fracture.

Ipsilateral proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns improve overflow and reduce foot drop in patients with demyelinating polyneuropathy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of the tibialis anterior muscle (TAm) using surface electromyography in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT-IA), after ipsilateral proprioceptive neuromuscular patterns (PNF). Thirteen CMT-IA patients (both sexes) were treated twice a week, for 5 weeks, with bilateral PNF pattern, four times per treatment. During the execution of the patterns, we recorded the bilateral activation of the TAm in root mean square (RMS). We used the Student paired t-test for the first and last treatments, P-value set at <0.05. Clinical significance (CS) was obtained by subtracting the values of the first treatment from the last. Chopping pattern to the right side increased RMS for the right (t=−3.52, CS=52%), but not the left TAm (t= −3.35). Flexion-abduction with external rotation pattern to the right (t= −2.46, CS=55%) and left (t=−2.07, CS=53%) significantly increased RMS for TAm on both sides. Extension-adduction with internal rotation pattern to the right (t=−0.25) and left (t=−1.84) did not produce any changes in TAm. Ipsilateral PNF patterns selectively produce TAm overflow in peripheral polyneuropathy patients and can be successfully used as supportive therapy for foot drop.

카이로프랙틱과 PNF의 병행치료가 앞쪽머리자세 환자의 척추정렬상태와 체격에 미치는 영향

카이로프랙틱과 PNF의 병행치료가 앞쪽머리자세 환자의 척추정렬상태와 체격에 미치는 영향

스케이터와 스프린터 패턴운동 후 동적균형과 유연성의 변화

Purpose. This study was to investigate the change of dynamic balance and flexibility for normal group, using skater and sprinter exercise program of PNF pattern. Method. In this study it was participated twenty-one subjects. Experimental group worked skater and sprinter pattern exercise with Thera-band or without Thera-band each 40 times. Evaluation of dynamic balance and flexibility(using the Functional Reach Test and Fingertrip To Floor Test) were carried out before and after the exercise. Result. In dynamic balance it was observed to significant change except first measure and flexibility was observed to all measures significantly(p<.05). Conclusion. Skater and Sprinter pattern exercise is effective to improve for dynamic balance and flexibility. However, the experimental group is small sample size of normal adult. therefore, It should be carefully considered in generalizing the results to disabled person.

PNF 패턴을 결합한 협응적 이동 훈련이 척수손상환자의 보행에 미치는 효과

PNF 패턴을 결합한 협응적 이동 훈련이 척수손상환자의 보행에 미치는 효과

자세변화에 따른 PNF 패턴이 체간 근육활성에 미치는 영향

자세변화에 따른 PNF 패턴이 체간 근육활성에 미치는 영향