Pneumatic Tool Research Articles

ВЫБОР ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ВОЗДУШНОГО КОМПРЕССОРА ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЯХ МЧС РОССИИ МЕТОДОМ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ

For smooth operation, as well as effective and safe maintenance and repair of fire trucks, air compressors are used in fire and rescue units of the federal fire service of the State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia. The air piston compressor allows you to create the necessary air flow pressure for the operation of the pneumatic tool. Therefore, an urgent issue is the choice of a compressor model with optimal parameters. The paper evaluates the technical parameters of compressors by the method of expert evaluation. Based on the results of the assessment, the most significant parameters affecting the reliability and efficiency of the compressor were determined, and optimal models of reciprocating compressors for staffing maintenance posts of fire and rescue units and repair and technical centers were proposed.

Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Two-Leg Puller Set

The two-legged puller set can reach various component diameters, so this tool is more flexible and has an innovative application by using an electric, pneumatic impact tool as the driver. This research is a research and development (R&D) study using the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The stages or process of making a 2-leg puller set are preparation, fabrication, assembly, finishing, and testing the function of the puller set on the bearing or pully components and seeing whether the function of the puller set is correct. The design was carried out using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, and simulations were also carried out. The product is produced by opening the air compressor lever with a pressure ranging from 40-45 psi connected to a hose and impact tool. If it is greater than 45 psi, it will damage the screw bolt threads and will not be centred. If it is lower than 40 psi, the timing is slow and not working.

STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF METAL ALLOYS AND STAINLESS STEELS CREATED BY WIRE-ARC SURFACING IN A WIDE RANGE OF STRAIN RATES

To select rational parameters of the process of hybrid additive manufacturing of structures made of structural metal alloys and stainless steels, mechanical characteristics capable of serving as indicators of material quality were determined. The most advanced technologies of additive manufacturing by wire-arc surfacing (plasma, plasma arc with a melting electrode, including cold metal transfer) with layer-by-layer forging with a pneumatic impact tool and subsequent heat treatment were used. Aluminum-magnesium alloy AlMg5, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, austenitic stainless steels 12Cr18Ni10Ti (AISI 321) and AISI 308LSi have been studied. Samples were cut from the blanks created by additive manufacturing – blades for standard tests for static uniaxial tension and cylinders for high-speed compression tests by the Kolsky method on a Hopkinson split bar. According to the registered and processed stress–strain curves for all materials, standard strength and ductility characteristics and the Johnson – Cook law of deformation and speed hardening were determined. For a correct assessment of the mechanical properties of additively produced materials, these tests were also carried out for each of them in the form of annealed rolled products. It is established that to compare the efficiency of various technological parameters of additive manufacturing, it is advisable to use static tensile strength and uniform elongation to rupture, having the smallest statistical variation. It was also found acceptable to approximate the Johnson – Cook law of the deformation curves of each of the studied materials according to averaged data, including various technological modes. Certain mechanical characteristics seem to be necessary for the search for effective modes of hybrid additive manufacturing and numerical calculation of various elastic-plastic problems in a dynamic formulation for the studied materials for design and technological needs.

DESIGN OF A FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM RUDDER SIMULATOR ON AN ARDUINO UNO-BASED BOEING 737-900ER AIRCRAFT AS A SUPPORTING FACILITY FOR PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES AT THE SURABAYA AVIATION POLYTECHNIC

Pneumatic system or bleed air has the aim to provide information in performing troubleshoot techniques and maintenance procedures on engine bleed air system components. Engine bleed air system is a system that produces compressed air from engine rotation. This process can produce compressed air that enters the system needed by the aircraft, taking into account low pressure, overpressure and overheat. With overheat conditions in the pneumatic system on the current aircraft, the author designs a Pneumatic system simulator when overheating occurs on this aircraft using simple electronic objects and components that have functions and working principles resembling the original system. The incoming power supply provides 12 V power which is then flowed through a stepdown regulator to reduce the voltage to 5 V which is used to supply the LED lamp, pushbutton switch, temperature sensor, and Arduino. When the temperature sensor detects a temperature that exceeds the predetermined limit, the Arduino will provide input to the LED lamp to light up. Pneumatic system simulator tool when overheating occurs in engine bleed water does not work if there is one component not connected or incorrect installation and not as expected. In the initial stage of the experiment where this hot gun is an example of media when simulated, namely as a compressor to produce hot air. In the first experiment set at a temperature of 29C, the overheat indicator lamp did not turn on. And at a temperature of 30C, the overheat indicator lamp is also still not lit. At this temperature 31C, the overheat indicator lamp and also the fault indicator lamp are lit. That indicates that the temperature has touched the maximum limit or has exceeded the maximum limit.

A new type of pneumatic tool changing manipulator system for NC machine tools

A new type of pneumatic tool changing manipulator system for NC machine tools

Experimental Study of the Vibration of the Spot Welding Gun at a Robotic Station

The paper presents issues associated with the experimental study of the vibration of a spot welding gun mounted on a robotic arm. The main aim of the study was to assess the vibration of the robot flange and the vibration of the mounted tool. Because of the tools’ large size and weight (up to 150 kg), manipulating it in a limited space is a challenge for programmers when defining trajectories. The article presents the results of inertial measurements of the KUKA KR120 R2500 industrial robot equipped with a pneumatic welding tool, paying particular attention to the vibrations occurring at the process points. Inertial tests on the robotic station were made using triaxial accelerometers and a high-speed camera. The methodology developed by the authors confirmed the existence of structural vibrations and allowed for defining the relationship between the robot’s motion parameters (notably velocity and acceleration) and the size of the vibrations present. The paper presents selected test results for various parameters of robot motion (speeds from 2000 mm/s to 500 mm/s and acceleration ramps ranging from 100% to 25%). In the course of the study, a disturbance was noticed in the form of a reduction in the value of maximum acceleration. This could be attributed to the appearance of the structure’s natural vibrations. Their character is not constant, and they are damped.

PERANCANGAN MODUL LATIH ELEKTRO PNEUMATIC BERBASIS PLC

Pneumatics at this time plays an important role in the development of automation technology, in addition to hydraulics and electronics. The peneumatic automation system generally consists of a power source element, an input signal element, a signal processing element, a signal control element and an output element (aquator). To support knowledge about pneumatics, it is necessary to have pneumatic practicum supporting tools to increase student knowledge, one of which is props or electro pneumatic system practicum. The purpose of making this tool is so that students are able to design electro pneumatic training module tools and can also provide examples of applications using pneumatic automation systems in the industrial world. In the process of making this tool, the main process stages are the design of the pneumatic circuit and the framework of the pneumatic tool box, preparation of the main pneumatic circuit materials, manufacture of the framework, and installation of pneumatic components. All these processes are carried out correctly and result in a well-functioning electro pneumatic training module

Influence and suppression of periodic contour error of tool path and velocity deviations on surface error.

When using multi-axis machines with a pneumatic tool to polish large-aperture optical surfaces, the paths generated by the computer numerical control system deviate from the desired ones. This causes periodic contour errors and surface ripples. In addition, because of the different machine layouts, the tool end velocity also can change. We introduce a multi-axis machine and analyze the surface error and power spectral density (PSD) of three commonly used paths (raster, spiral, and random path) in terms of the contour error using different position interpolation methods. A cubic polynomial is introduced to smooth the axis motion, and a velocity compensation method is considered to diminish the velocity deviation from the machine layout. The results show that the circular interpolation method exhibits a balanced performance in terms of both the contour error and the PSD for various paths. In addition, the optimization can be performed before G-code generation without affecting the characteristics of the original optimization system.

Pneumatic percussion tool to implement adaptive technologies

Pneumatic percussion tool to implement adaptive technologies

A Century long of coral records of heavy metals in coastal water of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi

Scleractinian corals absorb heavy metals in their skeletons; therefore, corals can be used as environmental recorders due to incorporating certain metals for centuries. The research was conducted in Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP) using a core of massive coral Porites Sp. to determine heavy metals’ concentrations and assess the possible impact on the coastal water. The sample was collected by drilling the coral vertically using a pneumatic tool. Annual banding was determined by using x-ray radiography, continued with sub-sampled from each band, and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) for heavy metals determination. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied for assessing possible impact and differentiating between the heavy metals, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals fluctuated during the period of the year 1917 to 2016, with the average concentration were 0.55 %, 0.07 %, 2.46 ppm, 3.86 ppm, 5.70 ppm, 63.22 ppm, 0.66 ppm, 3.16 ppm, 0.66 ppm, and 42.59 ppm for Sr, Mg, Mn, Ba, Cu, K, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Al, respectively. EF for all heavy metals showed that the coastal area was at the level of very small pollution (EF<2); therefore, it can be used as baseline data.

Analysis and Control of Vibrations of a Cartesian Cutting Machine Using an Equivalent Robotic Model

The vibrations of a Cartesian cutting machine caused by the pneumatic tool are studied with a sub-system approach. The cutting head is modeled as an equivalent robot arm which is able to mimic the measured resonances. The Cartesian structure is modeled according to the mode superposition approach. A global analytical model is obtained coupling the aforementioned models, and is solved in MATLAB. The full model is able to predict the variations in the response of the machine to tool excitation that are caused by the motion of the head along the rails of the Cartesian structure. Comparisons with experimental results are made.

Enhancing Payload Capacity With Dual-Arm Manipulation and Adaptable Mechanical Intelligence

Abstract Individual manipulators are limited by their vertical total load capacity. This places a fundamental limit on the weight of loads that a single manipulator can move. Cooperative manipulation with two arms has the potential to increase the net weight capacity of the overall system. However, it is critical that proper load sharing takes place between the two arms. In this work, we outline a method that utilizes mechanical intelligence in the form of a whiffletree. This system enables load sharing that is robust to position deviations between the two arms. The whiffletree utilizes pneumatic tool changers which enable autonomous attachment/detachment. We outline the overall design of a whiffletree for dual-arm manipulation. We also illustrate how this type of mechanical intelligence can greatly simplify cooperative control. Lastly, we use physical experiments to illustrate enhanced load capacity. Specifically, we show how two UR5 manipulators can re-position a 7 kg load. This load would exceed the weight capacity of a single arm, and we show that the average forces on each arm remain below this level and are relatively evenly distributed.

Deformation characteristics of aramid fiber–reinforced pneumatic wheel and machining analysis

A pneumatic wheel tool with reinforced aramid fiber is presented to finish irregular freeform surface with high hardness. Aramid fiber mainly is selected as a filler to achieve multi-dimension net distribution in polymer. In this case, the wheel can keep the outer abrasive particles more stable and decrease scratch damages of surface in the high-speed machining process. Based on the Halpin-Tsai formula, the orientation coefficient is brought in for the establishment of an elastic modulus prediction model of a fiber-reinforced pneumatic wheel. By ANSYS simulation, rules of stress and strain of pneumatic wheel with different volume ratios of fiber are given. It has been proved out that the fiber-reinforced method can overcome the defect of inner rubber deformation in the contact process. By mixed refining method, pneumatic wheels reinforced by aramid fiber are achieved. Multi-dimension net distribution of aramid fiber–reinforced polymer is observed in a microscopic view. Elastic modulus–predicted model is confirmed by drawing experiments. After that, aramid fiber–reinforced pneumatic wheel machining experiments are carried out. Results show that the fiber-reinforced method can improve surface roughness efficiently in the pneumatic wheel machining process and decrease scratch damages of the surface.

EVALUATION AND PROFITABILITY MANAGEMENT OF INVESTMENT PROGRAMS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS ENTERPRISES BY THE BREATHLESS CRITERION

The article is based on the idea of forming a conceptual framework for managing the profitability of investment projects, which is mainly based on the comparability of fixed and variable costs, both as a whole on production and per unit of output. Applying the criterion of break-even point of enterprises, a conceptual vision of determining the optimal volume of production is given. The article focuses on a careful analysis of investment projects for small and medium enterprises, due to their natural inability to incur losses over a long period of time in contrast to large business entities. The article provides mathematical tools for determining the total cost of production and a parametric equation of conditions for the impact of output (work or services) on the company's profits. Based on this, it is proved that the break-even analysis of projects using absolute values and its graphical interpretation complicate the practical implementation of the search for rational values of project implementation parameters in repeated studies of alternatives. Therefore, it is noted that the critical volume of production in this case is a function of two variables, which makes it possible to obtain a graphical solution to determine the optimal volume of production, which corresponds to the break-even point in the form of appropriate fixed parameters. Based on the research, it is concluded that the considered schedules can be used to make management decisions to ensure break-even output under the conditions of various project options, in determining the allowable values of fixed costs and variable costs per unit of output. The proposed graphical model is simple and clear, it can be used to determine a rational decision without costly calculations, which increases the efficiency of management decisions. In addition, the developed model can be used to compare the effectiveness of investment projects. On the basis of the developed model the graphic interpretation of estimation in relative units of levels of break-even production and profit and a stock of financial durability of JSC Udarnik depending on volumes of production of the pneumatic tool, the price of its realization, constant and variable expenses is carried out.

On the correlation of hammer-peened surfaces and process, material and geometry parameters

Hammer-peening can replace extensive hand-polishing during the processing of freeform surfaces, but it is rarely applied in practice due to the interplay of numerous parameters, including the process and tool parameters as well as the geometry and the material of the workpiece. In the present study we systematically investigate the effect of tool radii, tool angles, pressure, path and impact distance and the path definition (with respect to the direction of previous surface milling) on the resulting surface roughness and strain hardening of a cast iron, a low- and a high-alloyed steel using a pneumatic tool setup and complementary Finite Element (FE) simulations. Our experimental results show that an impact and path distance of 0.18 mm, a pressure of 7.3 bar and a tool radius of 8 mm reduce the surface roughness of a face-milled surface with an average roughness of Ra = 0.8 μm to an average roughness of Ra = 0.5 μm for all materials under consideration. The FE simulations indicate that, for a ball-milled surface, the surface roughness Ra decreases (and the arithmetical mean height Sa increases) the most for a tool angle of 45° and for a hammer-peening path perpendicular to the previous ball-milling path. These results contribute to the development of a mathematical model that allows to identify suitable parameter combinations prior to hammer-peening processing for a given workpiece surface.

Medical Knowledge in Accident Insurance : Assessing "Pneumatic Tool Damages" at the Bergmannsheil Hospital, 1929-1944

The article focuses on one central element of medical activity in the context of the German social insurance system: providing expert assessments in accident pension cases. Taking an example from interwar coal mining, it aims to reconstruct how social policy makers first conceived of "pneumatic tool damages" as occupational disease and how trauma surgeons had to deal with this new entity of social law once it had been institutionalized in 1929. Drawing on physicians' publications as well as archival sources from the supreme court in social insurance, the Reichsversicherungsamt, the article examines how the controversial generation of new knowledge took place. It argues that medical knowledge was neither simply applied to administration and law nor was it compromised by the necessity to adjust it to those fields of decision-making. Expert medical opinions should instead be understood as aspecific form of medical knowledge.

Optimization of technical solutions for pilot hole drilling in soil

The paper discusses approaches to improvement of equipment for borehole drilling with a predetermined trajectory in construction of underground utility systems and facilities. Piercing method allows implementing dry drilling of boreholes with small diameter using simple technical equipment. The methods used when preparing the research are analysis, generalization, and experimental research methods. Outcomes of the research include evidence that increase in performance of vibro-impact piercing is possible not only due to higher impact energy, but also due to optimization of interaction between the operating tool and soil. Combination of dynamic action by impact pulses and static forces applied to the drilling equipment enables to enhance performance of impact pulse action and increase the drilling speed. Accuracy of the borehole trajectory can be provided by using dynamic stabilizers or correcting the drilling direction due to asymmetrical tool shape in combination with the torque moment of a drilling equipment. The study formulates requirements to design of a drilling unit for directed pilot hole drilling by dynamic piercing method. The design of an improved pneumatic tool installed in front of the drill string and equipped with asymmetrical front head is described. Experimental research results are given on the process of a borehole drilling using the described tool.

Experimental Study of Inconel 718 Surface Treatment by Edge Robotic Deburring with Force Control

We present the results of investigations into the application of robotics for deburring and chamfering to a predefined geometric quality. The robotic application was used for a part of the manufacturing process of an aircraft engine detail. Aircraft engine diffuser machining requires manual deburring of many edges. Finishing by hand results in several non-conforming quality details for each diffuser. This paper presents the concept of edge deburring with a controlled force progression pneumatic tool. A specific methodology was used to select and optimise the edge deburring process for robotic chamfering processing to a finer machining tolerance. The investigated machining process included a measurement system for the determination of the manufactured chamfer as a function of contact forces with feed force progression. The investigation work discussed in the paper helped to identify a specific interval of processing parameters, including the contact force and TCP motion velocity at which deburring is effective and a chamfer with specific geometric tolerance is produced. The experimental part of the investigation was conducted at a preset feed force of the high-speed machining file, tool ref. FDB150. The experimental machining sample was made from poorly machinable titanium alloy (Inconel 718), a material applied in the aerospace industry. The machining process optimisation included an approximation of the chamfer width definition points. The resulting function provided a derivative, defining the chamfer value change rate and corresponding to the actual machining tool infeed. The experimental measurement results were compared to the assumed quality indicators, by which a group of suboptimal parameters was defined.

Feasibility study of particulate extracellular matrix (P-ECM) and left ventricular assist device (HVAD) therapy in chronic ischemic heart failure bovine model.

Myocardial recovery with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support is uncommon and unpredictable. We tested the hypothesis that injectable particulate extracellular matrix (P-ECM) with LVAD support promotes cell proliferation and improves cardiac function. LVAD, P-ECM, and P-ECM + LVAD therapies were investigated in chronic ischemic heart failure (IHF) calves induced using coronary embolization. Particulate extracellular matrix emulsion (CorMatrix, Roswell, GA) was injected intramyocardially using a 7 needle pneumatic delivery tool. Left ventricular assist devices (HVAD, HeartWare) were implanted in a left ventricle (LV) apex to proximal descending aorta configuration. Cell proliferation was identified using BrdU (5 mg/kg) injections over the last 45 treatment days. Echocardiography was performed weekly. End-organ regional blood flow (RBF) was quantified at study endpoints using fluorescently labeled microspheres. Before treatment, IHF calves had an ejection fraction (EF) of 33 ± 2% and left ventricular end-diastolic volume of 214 ± 18 ml with cardiac cachexia (0.69 ± 0.06 kg/day). Healthy weight gain was restored in all groups (0.89 ± 0.03 kg/day). EF increased with P-ECM + HVAD from 36 ± 5% to 75 ± 2%, HVAD 38 ± 4% to 58 ± 5%, and P-ECM 27 ± 1% to 66 ± 6%. P-ECM + HVAD demonstrated the largest increase in cell proliferation and end-organ RBF. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combined LVAD support with P-ECM injection to stimulate new cell proliferation and improve cardiac function, which warrants further investigation.

Development of a real-time force-controlled compliant polishing tool system with online tuning neural proportional–integral–derivative controller

This article presents a real-time force-controlled pneumatic compliant polishing tool with self-supplied abrasives making the abrasives added to the contact area between the polishing pad and workpiece, which can lead to good polishing performance. And a force–position decoupling pneumatic servo system for polishing force control is presented to solve the problem of force–position coupling in the traditional polishing process. However, it is difficult to realize satisfactory control performance due to the problems of time variance, compliance, hysteresis and nonlinearity in pneumatic servo system. This article proposes an online tuning neural proportional–integral–derivative controller to improve force control performance. The real-time polishing force control results of pneumatic servo control system are investigated by adopting proposed neural proportional–integral–derivative control strategies with data acquisition card and RTW toolbox in MATLAB/Simulink. The real-time experimental results of polishing force control indicate that the excellent control performance can be achieved by the proposed neural proportional–integral–derivative controller no matter the reference force is constant or varied. Compared with those by traditional proportional–integral–derivative controller, the duration for stabilizing the polishing force is shorter and the error between the output force and the reference is smaller by the proposed neural proportional–integral–derivative controller.