PMS System Research Articles

Multi-Source Fusion Power Quality Monitoring and Analysis Application System

There is a restriction on the development of power quality monitoring software for lacking of corresponding technical specification and uniform systematic planning. In this thesis, the concept of supporting platform of power quality monitoring and analysis system is posed and the supporting platform provides data service, report work, authority management, alarm service, authority management, communication service and other public services; abiding by the advocacy of IEC 61970 Standard, the system applies CORBA component technology inside and outside the system and realizes the “plug and play” of public services and applications. Through the standardized public communication service module, the data interaction with other power quality monitoring software, PMS system, DMS/EMS system and other third-party systems is completed and the multi-angle and deep power quality analysis are conducted based on multi-source information fusion technology and the power quality analysis and evaluation, harmonic source location, power quality warning, management decision support and other intelligent analysis application are realized.

사고 데이터베이스를 활용한 안전 관리 시스템의 정량적 Audit 시스템 개발

Abstract : In the chemical process industries, accidents have a high potential and large effects on catastrophic results. Therefore the safety management for accident prevention plays a crucial role to guarantee the process safety. For these reasons, many systematic methods for safety management system have been widely employed in the fields of chemical processes. PSM (Process safety management) is one of most representative methods. The audit system, which is one of PSM system components, evaluates the performance of PMS system. However, most existing safety audit systems are not systematic and these are performed based on knowledges and experiences of various specialist. Moreover, the safety audit is only performed based on each independent technical component. So, the results of safety audit are not a quantitative index but only a series of commentaries. Finally, it is very difficult to obtain the comparison with other plants or industries. In this study, the novel systematic method and index-based accident database of auditing safety management systems for quantitative assessment are proposed. First, the elements of safety audit replace technical methods to categories of accident database. The F-N curve of each category for accident database is employed to derive the index for quantitative assessment. The Accidental Factor Risk Index (AFRI) is suggested for evaluating the effect of each element in accident database and safety audit system. The safety audit can be modified according to the proposed index.

The role of PMS and compensation systems in the relationship between innovation strategy and companyʼs capabilities

The role of PMS and compensation systems in the relationship between innovation strategy and companyʼs capabilities

Evidence of accretion triggered oscillations in the pre-main-sequence interacting binary AK Sco

Abstract Pre-main sequence (PMS) binaries are surrounded by circumbinary discs from which matter falls on to both components. The material dragged from the circumbinary disc flows on to each star through independent streams channelled by the variable gravitational field. The action of the bar-like potential is most prominent in high eccentricity systems made of two equal mass stars. AK Sco is a unique PMS system composed of two F5 stars in an orbit with e = 0.47. Henceforth, it is an ideal laboratory to study matter infall in binaries and its role in orbit circularization. In this Letter, we report the detection of a 1.3 mHz ultra low-frequency oscillation in the ultraviolet light curve at periastron passage. This oscillation lasts 7 ks being most likely fed by the gravitational energy released when the stream's tails spiralling on to each star get in contact at periastron passage enhancing the accretion flow; this unveils a new mechanism for angular momentum loss during PMS evolution and a new type of interacting binary.

The Development of Dual Structured Power Management System

In order to improve the quality of electricity in large scale power systems, stability of power system has to be achieved. This can be done by the means of preventative diagnosis of power equipments and protection, monitoring and control of the power system. Since the recent adoption of digital controllers, an improvement in stability was observed; in particular, IED, which contained self-diagnostic abilities such as fault tolerance, allowed for automatic recovery via redundancy or switching-over functions should there be faults with the equipments. Furthermore, communication lines have been hugely simplified, thus adding to the improvement in stability significantly. Taking these error reports and forecasting emergency reports and by effectively responding to them in the overiding controlling systems, high levels of system stability can be obtained. Power Management System that is being applied to automated power sub-stations, takes the IEC61850 international standard as its specification. In this paper, additional research into achieving stability of already developed PMS system and also the stability of the overall system was carried out, and the results of development of communication servers, which play a pivotal role in connecting systems, are stated.

Sulfate radical-based ferrous–peroxymonosulfate oxidative system for PCBs degradation in aqueous and sediment systems

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment pose long-term risk to public health because of their persistent and toxic nature. This study investigates the degradation of PCBs using sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). These processes are based on the generation of sulfate radicals through iron (Fe(II), Fe(III)) mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5, PMS) or persulfate (Na2S2O8, PS). This study is the first instance for coupling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) with PMS for PCB degradation in aqueous and sediment systems. The high oxidation efficiencies of the free radicals (SO4−), in combination with the slow rate of consumption of the oxidants, make these processes very effective for the degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds. The effectiveness of the process was evaluated based on the degradation of a model polychlorinated biphenyl, 2-chlorobiphenyl and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The kinetics of 2-chlorobiphenyl degradation along with the effect of oxidant and catalyst concentrations on the degradation efficiency was studied. Near complete removal of 2-chlorobiphenyl was observed when Fe(II) was used with PMS or PS. Fe(II) acts as a sulfate radical scavenger at higher concentrations indicating that there is an optimum concentration of Fe(II) that leads to most effective degradation of the target contaminant. A chelating agent, sodium citrate, was used to control the quantity of iron in the solution for activation of the oxidant. For the first time, we studied the feasibility of the activation of PMS using iron citrate complexes for PCB degradation. In the presence of sodium citrate, increase in degradation efficiency was observed up to a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2, after which the increase in citrate concentration led to a decrease in removal efficiency. Fe(II)/PMS systems were found to be very effective in degrading PCB in a sediment-slurry system with more than 90% PCB removal being observed within 24h.

Spray Adjuvant Effects on Droplet Size Spectra Measured by Three Laser-Based Systems in a High-Speed Wind Tunnel

Abstract Spray droplet size has long been recognized as the most important variable that aerial applicators can influence to mitigate spray drift from the application site. There are several different technologies that are used by researchers to measure droplet size from spray nozzles. The objective of these studies was to determine the influence of eight spray adjuvants on the droplet size spectrum produced by two nozzles in a high-speed wind tunnel when characterized using three different droplet size measurement systems. The adjuvant, nozzles, and airspeeds used in these studies are commonly used by aerial applicators. Three droplet sizing systems (Malvern laser diffraction, PMS optical array probe, and LaVision laser imaging) were simultaneously operated to measure the spray droplet size spectra for each adjuvant, airspeed, and nozzle combination. Two spray nozzles (a D6-46 nozzle and a D2 straight stream nozzle) were evaluated in a high-speed wind tunnel at airspeeds of 45 and 58 m/sec. There were significant differences in the droplet size spectra produced by the eight spray adjuvants tested. There were also significant differences between the droplet size values reported by the three measurement systems (Malvern, LaVision, and PMS) evaluated; however, there was considerable agreement trendwise. In general, the Malvern reported smaller spray droplet size spectra values than the LaVision, while the PMS system generally reported the largest spray droplet size spectra values. These tests are the first reported studies where all three droplet sizing systems were operated simultaneously.

Sensor Networks + Grid Computing = A New Challenge for the Grid?

A new class of distributed applications, pervasive management support systems, combine sensor network and Grid technologies to support the ongoing management of evolving physical systems. Essentially, PMS systems marry reality and simulation and support sophisticated what-if analysis to help people make faster and better real-world decisions.

Development of a synchronous enzyme-reaction system for a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay.

A synchronous enzyme-reaction system using water-soluble formazan and a non-enzymatic electron mediator was developed and applied to an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The reaction system consists of four steps: (I) dephosphorylation of NADP(+) to produce NAD(+) by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (II) reduction of NAD(+) to produce NADH with oxidation of ethanol to yield acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), (III) reduction of water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) to produce formazan by NADH via 1-methoxy-5-methyl-phenazinium methyl sulfate (PMS), and (IV) re-reduction of NAD(+) to produce NADH by ADH. During each cycle, one molecule of tetrazolium is converted to one molecule of formazan. The concentration of formazan during the reaction was given by second-order polynomials of the reaction time. Kinetic studies strongly suggested that the synchronous enzyme-reaction system had the potential to detect an analyte at the attomole level in EIA. On the basis of the kinetic studies, optimal conditions for EIA incorporating the synchronous system were examined. NADP(+) was purified thoroughly to remove minor traces of NAD(+) in the preparation, and an ADH preparation contaminated with the lowest level of ALP activity was used. When the synchronous system was applied to a sandwich-type EIA for human C-reactive protein, the protein was detected with a sensitivity of 50 attomole per well of a micro-titer plate (0.1 ml) in a 1-h reaction. In addition, EIA with water-soluble formazan showed a more quantitative and sensitive result than that with insoluble formazan. These findings indicated that the (WST-1)-PMS system introduced in this study has a great potential for highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay.

Modification of Acid Anhydridecured Epoxy Resins By N-Phenyl- maleimideStyrene Copolymers and N-PhenylmaleimideStyrene p-Hydroxystyrene Terpolymers

N-Phenylmaleimide-styrene copolymers (PMS) and reactive N-phenylmaleimide-styrene-p-hydroxystyrene (HSt) terpolymers (PMSH) containing p-hydroxyphenyl groups were used to improve the toughness of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. PMS and PMSH were effective modifiers for epoxies. The morphologies of the modified resins depended on modifier structure and content. The most effective modification for the cured resins was attained because of the co-continuous structure of the modified resins in both PMS and PMSH modification systems. When using 15 wt% of PMS (M W 125000), the fracture toughness, K IC , for the modified resin increased by 230%, with retention of flexural modulus and glass transition temperature, but with a loss of flexural strength, compared with the values for the unmodified epoxy resin. When using PMSH as the reactive modifier, the efficiency decreased with increase in HSt content, because of the increasing extent of dispersion of the PMSH-rich continuous phases. In the modification with 10wt% PMSH (1.0 mol% HSt unit, M W 294000), the modified resin had balanced physical properties.

Modification of Acid Anhydride-curedEpoxy Resins ByN-Phenyl-maleimide-Styrene CopolymersandN-Phenylmaleimide-Styrene-p-Hydroxystyrene Terpolymers

N-Phenylmaleimide–styrene copolymers (PMS) and reactive N-phenylmaleimide–styrene–p-hydroxystyrene (HSt) terpolymers (PMSH) containing p-hydroxyphenyl groups were used to improve the toughness of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. PMS and PMSH were effective modifiers for epoxies. The morphologies of the modified resins depended on modifier structure and content. The most effective modification for the cured resins was attained because of the co-continuous structure of the modified resins in both PMS and PMSH modification systems. When using 15wt% of PMS (M¯w 125000), the fracture toughness, KIC, for the modified resin increased by 230%, with retention of flexural modulus and glass transition temperature, but with a loss of flexural strength, compared with the values for the unmodified epoxy resin. When using PMSH as the reactive modifier, the efficiency decreased with increase in HSt content, because of the increasing extent of dispersion of the PMSH-rich continuous phases. In the modification with 10wt% PMSH (1·0mol% HSt unit, M¯w 294000), the modified resin had balanced physical properties. © of SCI.

Long-term aging characteristics of high coupling factor PMS piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract The aging characteristics of high coupling factor piezoelectric ceramics (Kp = 63%) in the PMS system [x Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-y PbTiO3-z PbZrO3, where x + y + z = 11 have been measured for the duration of 14 years. The results indicate that the aging properties of the ceramic are very good. The piezoelectric and dielectric constants of the material stabilized and remained at constant levels one month after the time of poling. In a comparison of the parameters measured after 14 years against those measured one month after poling, the resonance frequency fr increased by 0.1%, the antiresonance frequency fa decreased by 0.2%, the planar coupling factor Kp decreased by 0.5%, and the dielectric constant, mechanical and dielectric quality factors showed no noticeable change. It is anticipated that this piezoelectric ceramic may be used more widely in different devices.

Detachment of ribosomes of rough endoplasmic reticulum by NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH)

NADPH, an endogenous, naturally occurring compound was found to be positive in the stripping of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) test (degranulation) for carcinogens using the hepatocellular postmitochondrial (PMS) system. However, glutathione (GSH) another naturally occurring compound was negative in the hepatocellular PMS system in contrast to GSH which was previously reported as being positive in the mutagenicity test using kidney PMS but negative using liver PMS. Akintonwa has classified degranulation into three types, viz, DI A, DI B, and DII (D.A.A. Akintonwa, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 9, 53–63 (1985)). Most carcinogens fall into DI A and DI B types. NADPH was of DI A type in the mouse and of DII in the female rat PMS systems. NADPH was consistently negative in the male rat PMS system.

On the Role of Plastoquinone in Photosynthesis

Dibromothymoquinone and its hydroquinone are inhibitors of non cyclic electron flow from water to NADP, anthraquinone or methylviologen. The inhibition is competetively reversed by plastoquinone. It appears that dibromothymoquinone is an antagonist of plastoquinone and that it prevents the enzymic (by the next endogenous carrier of the chloroplast electron transport chain) but not the chemical (by ferricyanide) reoxidation of reduced plastoquinone. This follows from the result that the photoreduction of ferricyanide and DCPIP * is not inhibited by dibromothymoquinone in sonicated chloroplasts and is inhibited in intact chloroplasts to only 60% or 80% respectively. It is concluded that dibromothymoquinone does not inhibit photoreductions by photosystem II. According to their response to dibromothymoquinone, cyclic photophosphorylations can be subdivided in those requiring plastoquinone and those which do not. Menadione catalyzed cyclic photophosphorylation is inhibited by dibromothymoquinone, whereas the PMS catalyzed system is not. The DAD cyclic system is only partly inhibited by dibromothymoquinone. The PMS catalyzed cyclic photophosphorylation in the presence of dibromothymoquinone is antimycin sensitive, which suggests that the PMS system can switch from a plastoquinone dependent system to a plastoquinone independent, but cytochrome b dependent system, which is now antimycin sensitive. Ferredoxin catalyzed cyclic photophosphorylation is inhibited by dibromothymoquinone as well as by antimycin. The data indicate that non cyclic electron flow through both photosystems is obligatory dependent on plastoquinone, whereas cyclic systems do not necessarily include plastoquinone. The relevance of the results to the possibility of different coupling sites in cyclic and non cyclic electron flow systems is discussed.

Cationic Copolymerization of 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether with Styrene Derivatives

The possibility of copolymer formation and the effect of polymerization conditions on monomer reactivity ratios (MRR) were investigated for cationic copolymerizations of a vinyl ether with styrene derivatives. 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) was used as the vinyl ether, and p-methoxystyrene (pMOS), p-methylstyrene (pMS) and α-methylstyrene (αMS) as styrene derivatives. Copolymerization was carried out in toluene or methylene chloride, being catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2 or SnCl4·CCl3CO2H at −78°C. The copolymer composition was determined from each monomer consumption through gas chromatography. The copolymer formation was confirmed by fractionation and NMR spectrum of the product. In CEVE–αMS system, the relative reactivity of each monomer was independent of the kind of the propagating chain ends (r1×r2≅1). In contrast, composition curves showed an S-shape in CEVE-pMOS and CEVE–pMS systems (r1×r2>1). This difference may be attributed to the difference in stability between the growing carbonium ions of αMS and the ring-substituted styrenes. It was found that polymerization conditions significantly affect MRR; the CEVE content in the copolymer was greater for BF3·O(C2H5)2 than for SnCl4·CCl3CO2H, and greater in toluene than in methylene chloride.

Effect of carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone on the photochemical reactions of isolated chloroplasts.

Abstract Carbonylcyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone is a powerful inhibitor of both photosynthetic phosphorylation and photoreduction of O 2 in isolated spinach chloroplasts. The inhibition of phosphorylation was observed in three cyclic systems (PMS, vitamin K 3 and FMN) and in three non-cyclic systems (ferricyanide-water, TPN + -water and TPN + -ascorbate). Inhibition of O 2 evolution was also obtained in the ferricyanide-water and TPN + -water systems but only at higher concentrations of CCCP. The only photochemical activity of chloroplasts which was found to be resistant to CCCP inhibition was the photoreduction of TPN + with ascorbate-dichlorophenol-indophenol as the electron donor (TPN + -ascorbate system). In the cyclic system (PMS) but not in the non-cyclic system (ferricyanide-water) CCCP inhibition of photophosphorylation varied with light intensity. Thus, in the PMS system, at 1000 lux, 0.4 μM CCCP gave 50% inhibition of photophosphorylation, whereas at 50 000 lux, 8 μM CCCP was required to give 50% inhibition. A model is proposed to account for the differences between cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation. The inhibition of photophosphorylation by CCCP was completely reversed by the addition of cysteine or by washing.

Action des rayons γ sur les réactions de photophosphorylation

Through the action of γ-ray irradiation, two phenazine methosulfate (or pyocyanin) systems of cyclic photophosphorylation can be distinguished. One of them is not affected by γ-ray irradiation of chloroplasts and represents the “normal” PMS system of cyclic photophosphorylation that operates at high light intensity (75 000 lux) and in the presence of an optimum concentration of cofactor (0.1 μmole per 3 ml). By its unsusceptibility to γ-ray irradiation, the normal PMS system appears to be different from the normal vitamin K3 system. The other PMS system is affected by γ-ray irradiation; it functions either at low light intensity (3000 lux) with an optimum concentration of PMS (0.1 μmole per 3 ml) or high light intensity (75 000 lux) with a suboptimum concentration of PMS (0.01 μmole per 3 ml). By its susceptibility to γ-ray irradiation, this system resembles the vitamin K3 system of cyclic photophosphorylation and the systems of non-cyclic photophosphorylation which are all 50% inhibited by the same dose of irradiation (130 krad). Par l'action des rayons γ on peut mettre en évidence deux types de photophosphorylation cyclique catalysée par le PMS (ou la pyocyanine), l'un (PMS 1) n'est pas touché par une dose d'irradiation de 130 krad: c'est le système PMS (ou pyocyanine) habituel, qui s'établit à forte illumination (75 000 lux) en présence de la quantité optimum de cofacteur (0.1 μmole par 3 ml). Par sensibilité aux rayons γ il est différent du système vitamine K3 habituel. L'autre (PMS 2) témoigne de l'action nocive des rayons (130 krad) sur les chloroplastes: il fonctionne soit à faible illumination (3000 lux) et en présence d'une concentration optimum de PMS (0.1 μmole par 3 ml), soit à forte illumination (75 000 lux) mais en présence d'une concentration suboptimum de PMS (0.01 μmole par 3 ml). Par l'action des rayons γ, ce système PMS ressemble au système vitamine K3 et aux photophosphorylations non cycliques: tous sont inhibés de 50% par la même dose d'irradiation (130 krad).