PMBLDC Motor Research Articles

A new wedge shaped inner rotor for a BLDC motor: Performance analysis

Recently, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM-BLDC) motor has emerged as the best magnetic motor for EVs due to its superior power density and high torque. The effects of leakage flux, cogging torque and vibration are the important key challenges in the PM-BLDC motor which deteriorate the performance of the motor. To address these issues, this study proposes the new model of PM-BLDC motor with a wedge-shaped PMs on the inner rotor core. This work proposes a new rotor design with the aim of decreasing the torque ripple and cogging torque. The proposed wedge-shaped PMBLDC motor’s performance is analysed for varying turns and compared to the circular and V-shaped PMBLDC motors using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based MagNet tool. The position of the different shaped PMBLDC motors on the rotor is evaluated in terms of cogging torque, current density, copper loss, and iron loss. The vibration analysis is carried out by FEA based ANSYS CAD Software for detecting the mechanical issues in the proposed model.

Design of PSO controller for real-time non-reversible operation of PMBLDC motor drive system in hot steel rough rolling applications

Design of PSO controller for real-time non-reversible operation of PMBLDC motor drive system in hot steel rough rolling applications

Simulation modeling of PMBLDC motor speed control in electric propulsion of EV system using adaptive nonlinear fuzzy sliding mode controller (ANF-SMC)

In the current scenario of transportation system, vehicles of conventional are replaced with Electric Vehicles (EVs) with Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Control Motors (PMBLDCMs) because of the many advantages of the usage of such motors in EVs. Despite the many advantages of the usage of EVs with PMBLDCMs, there were some disadvantages, among them were speed control and dealing with uncertainty problems in the usage of PMBLDCMs in EVs. In rectifying the above-mentioned problems, this work proposed and implemented an ideology of using the nonlinear controller strategy Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (ANF-SMC) in the Electric Propulsion Subsystem (EPSS) of EVs with the usage of the proposed nonlinear controller under not loaded and fully loaded vehicles with constant, variable and sudden disturbance in speed conditions. Simulation was carried out using MATLAB version R2020b with Fuzzy Tool Kit (FTK) and simulation performance comparison was done with the existing four (one linear and three nonlinear) controllers. Comparative simulation results infer that the proposed nonlinear controller performs well with zero overshoot and less settling time than that of the existing four (one linear and three nonlinear controllers).

Modelling of PMBLDC Motor and Study of Electromagnetic Characteristics

Electric vehicles are commercially developed with the intention of providing the range, pursuance, comfort to commuter, safety and hassle-free operation at a fair and vying price range. It has become very much essential for the automobile industries to install batteries performing at its best, available at low cost which are safe and reliable. Also, it is necessary to develop an interspersed propulsion system to provide large power density, enhanced efficiency which could be very critical for the future Electric vehicles. The present PMBLDC motors of 48V were employed in light vehicle applications which have disadvantages such as decreasing torque to speed ratio and decreasing power to speed ratio. The torque and power of PMBLDC motors were tending to remain constant after speed. The characteristic of the motor was studied using FEM. This work is proposed to build a 72V PMBLDC motor which will be replacing the existing 48V PMBLDC motor for Light Motor Vehicle applications. The power output of the motor will be comparatively high. It has been proposing to design a controller using INSTA-SPIN(BLDC) controller from Texas instruments which will be able to produce the required switching patterns from the 3-Phase bridge in order to regulate the Torque and power produced, when compared to the existing 48V PMBLDC. The characteristic of both the motors are to be compared using FEM. The torque vs speed curve is expected to remain constant with the increasing loads applied on the motor. The motor is expected to produce power constantly with the increasing loads.

Solar Powered Position Sensor Free PMBLDC Motor Drive With Dynamic Observer Control

Solar Powered Position Sensor Free PMBLDC Motor Drive With Dynamic Observer Control

Performance and Analysis of PMBLDCM Drive using A Single-Stage PFC Half-Bridge Converter

Because of their excellent torque-to-weight ratio, small size, and great efficiency, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors are widely used in a variety of applications. A buck half-bridge DC-DC converter acts as a single-stage PFC for a VSI-driven PMBLDCM powering an air conditioner's compressor. The PFC converter is fed from a single-phase AC main via a diode bridge rectifier. The VSI controls the PMBLDCM speed by adjusting the DC link voltage proportionally. The VSI functions solely as a commutator for the PMBLDCM, with stator current controlled by a rate limiter for speed changes. The PMBLDCM drive, incorporating a voltage-controlled PFC converter, is constructed, modeled, and simulated using the MATLAB-Simulink platform for an air conditioner compressor application. The system utilizes a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. Evaluation outcomes of the speed control strategy exhibit enhanced efficiency across a broad speed spectrum, showcasing the benefits of the drive system's integrated PFC functionality. Key Words: permanent magnet brushless DC motor, power factor correction converter, electrical drives.

PMBLDC motor (PMBLDCM) with non-linear controller usage in electric propulsion of electric vehicles to control rotor speed (RS) and torque (EMT)

In present days existing vehicles are replaced with electric vehicles (EVs) with usage of PMBLDCM motors because of simplicity in design, rough usage, responding speed, and high efficiency. Due to the usage of dynamic loads in electric vehicles with PMBLDCM motor controlling speed and electromagnetic torque were major problems. These problems along with other problems faced in electric propulsion system (EPS) of electric vehicles (EVs) can be solved with the usage of the proposed non-linear controller (ANF-SMC) along with the usage of PMBLDCM motor for speed regulation and fuzzy parameter tuning based on motor performance under variable speed conditions. The proposed controller is designed by the usage of simulation software along fuzzy logic. To validate the proposed non-linear control system performance results compared with others exhibiting one linear and three non-linear controllers. Simulation results proved that with various loaded conditions proposed system performs well in all aspects when compared to four existing controllers.

Application of rotor position sensor fault tolerant control in electric vehicle with PM BLDC motor drives

Application of rotor position sensor fault tolerant control in electric vehicle with PM BLDC motor drives

Torque Ripple Mitigation in Sensorless PMBLDC Motor Drive with Adaptive Observer for LEV

Torque Ripple Mitigation in Sensorless PMBLDC Motor Drive with Adaptive Observer for LEV

Badania przyczyn niepożądanej synchronizacji prędkości obrotowej silnika z częstotliwością modulacji PWM w układzie napędowym PM BLDC

In a drive system comprising a high-speed PM BLDC motor and an inverter implementing motor phases commutation and phase voltages PWM modulation, a spontaneous synchronisation between the PWM modulation frequency and the motor rotational speed may occur. The drive behaves like an unintended phase-locked loop. The effect distorts mechanical characteristic of the drive by introducing flat segments where the rotational speed remains constant despite changing load torque. It makes the speed-torque relationship discontinuous, nonlinear, and non-unique. The phenomenon is closely related to the problem of phase current and motor torque ripples. The paper presents experimental results recorded with a laboratory test bench for drives for electric power tools where the phenomenon of the parasitic speed locking has been observed. A root cause of this effect is discussed, and the mechanism of unwanted synchronisation is investigated. Several mitigation techniques are proposed and verified with computer simulations.

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (ANF-SMC) to control speed, electromagnetic torque (EMT), Stator Current, and Back EMF using PMBLDCmotor(PMBLDCM) in Electric Propulsion of Electric Vehicles

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (ANF-SMC) to control speed, electromagnetic torque (EMT), Stator Current, and Back EMF using PMBLDCmotor(PMBLDCM) in Electric Propulsion of Electric Vehicles

Speed control of PMBLDC motor drive powered by solar PV array using P, PI, and PID controllers: A comparison study

Speed control of PMBLDC motor drive powered by solar PV array using P, PI, and PID controllers: A comparison study

Hybrid control using fuzzy logic and adaptive space vector modulation for reduction of torque ripples in PM-BLDC motor drive

A novel hybrid control strategy for reducing torque ripple in permanent magnet brushless direct current motors has been developed by combining the deterministic nature of direct torque control and the adaptive nature of fuzzy logic control. Direct torque control using space vector pulse width modulation has been developed. This technique ensures the near-sinusoidal nature of the stator and rotor current. The impact of commutation ripple corresponding to the sinusoidal current is reduced compared to square wave current in conventional direct torque control. Further, the fuzzy logic controller provides adaptive modulation in space vector to mitigate the torque ripple. The response of the proposed method has been analyzed in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain. Experimental results establish a significant reduction in torque ripple and minimization of high-frequency components. A comparative study with conventional direct torque control methods has also been presented.

Analysis of losses in the high-speed PM BLDC motor with open slot stator core made of amorphous soft magnetic material

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify results related to losses in the core of a brushless DC prototype motor, obtained using its computer FE models, by experimental tests on manufactured machines. The paper focuses on the comparison of losses in the core of a machine with a classical stator core made of an iron–silicon material (Fe–Si) and a new one made of a modern METGLAS material.Design/methodology/approachComputer models of the prototype motors were created using FEM. The designed machines were manufactured, and experimental tests were performed. To achieve high frequencies in rotating magnetic fields, motors with a stator to rotor pole ratio of 9/12 were built. Twin rotor approach was applied, as two identical rotors were built along the two geometrically identical stators made of different core materials.FindingsExperimental studies have shown the superiority of the METGLAS material over the classical Fe–Si material. Material parameters were measured directly on the prepared cores as library data used in the simulation may be incorrect due to technological processes during core production, which was also verified. Problems related to twin rotor approach have been identified. Solution to the problem has been suggested. Necessity of 3D FEM modelling was identified.Originality/valueThe main source of originality is that METGLAS material used in the prototype machines was developed and manufactured by the authors themselves. Original approach to core parameter evaluation based on simplified methodology has been suggested. Another original part is a simplified methodology applied to loss measurement during no-load test.

Hybrid Optimization Approach for Improved Efficiency in Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Design: Combining Cauchy Particle Swarm & Moth Flame Methods

This article proposes a novel design strategy for a PMBLDC motor through hybrid optimization, combining Cauchy Particle Swarm Optimization and Moth Flame Optimization approaches to find the optimal set of design parameters that yield the highest efficiency. The motivation is to improve the efficiency of PMBLDC motors, which are widely used in electric cars and renewable energy systems that place a premium on minimal power usage. The proposed work implements the hybrid optimization technique performs conventional single optimization strategies in terms of efficiency improvement. This study contributes in identifying the optimal values for the various design parameters of PMBLDC motors using the hybrid CPSO-MFO approach, which converged to the optimal design parameters. The performance of the PMBLDC motor was evaluated using the optimal design parameters, with an overall power loss of 49.1 W, and an efficiency of 97.88%. The study’s results provide valuable insights for design engineers into the optimal geometrical parameters of PMBLDC motors to achieve higher efficiency and lower power loss. The proposed novel hybrid optimization approach, which is faster and more efficient than conventional single optimization approaches, making it a useful tool for designing high-performance PMBLDC motors.

Design of Wireless Power Transfer System for PMBLDC Motor driven Autonomous Vehicle

In the modern age of technology where everything is powered via physical wires, once considered a technical marvel has now become a bane. Wireless power transfer is the key to the future of power transfer, in this paper a 1kW WPT system is designed and simulated for an PMBLDC motor driven autonomous vehicle. This paper focuses in detail about the variation in performance of the coils and the overall system when ferrite cores and aluminum shielding is considered along with the coils. It provides a comprehensive analysis on the misalignment of transmitter and receiver coils in different orientations and distances. The results indicate a significant increase in power transfer and efficiency of the system when extra components such as cores and shielding are also implemented. It is oriented towards increasing the efficiency of powering autonomous vehicles used in various sectors such as automobiles, information technology, aerospace, robotics, precision and domestic equipment, etc.

A Novel Methodology to Enhance the Smooth Running of the PM BLDC Motor Drive Using PWM-PWM Logic and Advance Angle Method

This paper addresses the active torque ripple compensation of a permanent magnet brushless direct-current motor (PMBLDC) drive with a new pulse width modulation (PWM) technique and advance angle method. Torque ripple is a well-known problem in BLDC motors which is produced by a discrepancy between the stator current and the back electromotive force (back-emf) waveforms. The advanced angle method proposed in this paper generates a maximum torque in the PM BLDC motor by decreasing the displacement between the phase voltage and phase current in proportion to the load. Further, a simple and comprehensive PWM-PWM logic is proposed in this paper to reduce the torque ripples. The test results show that the BLDC motor drive achieves good steady-state performance while maintaining a quick dynamic response. The performance of the PWM-PWM logic and advance angle method, have been tested and compared with the practical results for the characteristics of DC bus voltage, DC bus current, electromagnetic torque, shaft torque, mechanical torque, phase voltage, phase current and PWM signal.

Cogging Torque Minimization of PMBLDC Motor for Application in Battery Electric Vehicle

Since the beginning, researchers have focused globally on the automotive industry, which recently yielded a notable increase in the development of electric vehicles. The cogging torque of the motor is the leading cause of acoustic noise and vibration. Therefore, this paper aims to reduce the cogging torque of Brushless DC motors in electric vehicles. The power rating of the two-wheeler battery electric vehicle is determined with kinematic dynamic equations. The choice of material and the combination of pole slots impact the vehicle’s overall performance, particularly in raising the average torque of the motor. Finite element based Ansys Maxwell electromagnetic field simulation software has been used to design and analyze the electric and magnetic field parameters of BLDC motor using several rotor poles embrace factor values. The findings of this study are expected to reduce vibration and noise in electric vehicles with increased average torque.

Performance analysis and enhancement of brain emotion-based intelligent controller and its impact on PMBLDC motor drive for electric vehicle applications

ABSTRACT Growing awareness of electric vehicles insists on the necessity of Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motor (PMBLDCM) worldwide. This paper involves building a simulation model of the complete PMBLDCM drive system using Matlab/Simulink to control the speed and Torque. Using the Simulink model, speed parameters with various controllers of the drive system are studied and analyzed. The conventional PI controller is capable of controlling the speed of the PMBLDC motor. H1owever, it cannot give assurance of the stability of the motor throughout the load variation. In a speed loop, Improved Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (IBELBIC) is proposed in this paper. The proposed IBELBIC-based PMBLDC motor drive system with a rating of 3 phase, 30 V, 400 W, 3000 RPM is implemented using Spartan 3 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) from Xilinx. This paper presents an IBELBIC design for enhancing the speed performance of the drive system at various set speeds and different load conditions of 1.2 Nm load, 0.6 Nm load, and no load. The proposed PMBLDCM drive system is realized with the help of a Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) programming algorithm of digital Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator topology. Various test cases are evaluated under different operating conditions to demonstrate the learning capability and the applicability of the proposed controller. In this paper, simulation validation is done using hardware setup, and experimental results are monitored on a computer using a customized program developed using LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench). Instead of a Data Acquisition (DAQ) card, the Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) tool of LabVIEW software is used in this work and results in cost minimization of the experimental setup.

The suitability of 72V PMBLDC motor for light motor electric vehicles instead of 48V motor

EV's are eco-friendly automobiles. Electric vehicles are powered, driven and propelled by electric motors, unlike traditional fossil fuel-driven IC engines. The electric motor derives energy from rechargeable batteries and fuel cells (Kumara, 2017). The performance of the electric motors used in EV's must be increased by conducting different analysis (Sandeep, 2019). This work provides stability analysis of PMBLDC motor. This project aims at increasing efficiency of PMBLDC motors contributing in R&D section of EV industry. Finite element analysis (FEA) of 48V and 72V PMBLDC motor is used to compare the torque, speed, power and efficiency of the motor (Fasil et al., 2016). The results prove that 72V PMBLDC motor has superior characteristics suiting the need of electric scooter application. By replacing the electrical components of 48V PMBLDC motor with 72V PMBLDC in the same housing of 48V motor, the results obtained with stability analysis is expected to be better than 48V PMBLDC motor.