Plyometric Group Research Articles

The Effect of 6-Week Combined Balance and Plyometric Training on Change of Direction Performance of Elite Badminton Players.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of combined balance and plyometric training on the change of direction (COD) performance of badminton athletes. Sixteen elite male badminton players volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to a balance-plyometric group (BP: n = 8) and plyometric group (PL: n = 8). The BP group performed balance combined with plyometric training three times a week over 6 weeks; while the PL group undertook only plyometric training three times a week during the same period. Meanwhile, both groups were given the same technical training. All participants were tested to assess the COD ability before and after the training period: Southeast Missouri (SEMO) test and 5-0-5 test, dynamic balance ability (Y-Balance test, YBT), and reactive strength index (RSI). Repeated-measure ANOVA revealed that after the intervention there was a significant time × group interaction for 5-0-5 COD test, YBT of both legs and RSI (p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.26–0.58) due to the better performance observed at post-test compared with a pre-test for the BP group [effect size (ES) = 1.20–1.76], and the improvement was higher than that of the PL group. The change in SEMO test did not differ between BP and PL (p < 0.159, partial η2= 0.137), but the magnitude of the with-group improvement for BP (ES = 1.55) was higher than that of PL (ES = 0.81). These findings suggest that combined training could further improve the COD performance of badminton athletes than plyometric training alone and might provide fitness trainers a more efficient COD training alternative.

The Comparison Between Plyometrics and Aerobic Exercises toward Medical Students of Diponegoro University

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sedentary life style had become one of factors causing health problem for someone in general. To avoid that condition we could apply some exercises regularly. Exercise can improve concentration, memory, and intellectuals. The sports enjoyed today are Plyometrics and Aerobics. Both sports proved beneficial in improving cognitive function, including concentration. The purpose of this study is to find out comparison between Plyometric and Aerobic towards concentration level.Methods: This research applied quasi-experimental study with pre and post-test design. There were subjects divided into three groups were control group, Plyometrics group and Aerobics group. Medical students of Diponegoro University were taken as subjects of the research which consist 39 males. Intervention is given for 6 weeks. Each week consists of two meetings. The indicator of this research focused on concentration level measured by using Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), measured before and after 6 weeks exercise. Statistical analysis of this study using Paired t-test.Results: There was a significant difference in concentration measurement results between treatment and control groups (p=0.00). Treatment group concentration scores improved better than control group. The DSST score on Plyometrics exercises was 60.00±5.08 and after intervention to 78.00±2.30. The DSST score on Aerobic exercises was 58.76±4.88 and after intervention to 63.07±5.88. Plyometrics exercises are shown to have better effects in increased concentration compared to Aerobic exercises.Conclusion Plyometric and Aerobic exercise were able to enhance concentration level with the highest result achieved by Plyometric group.

Effects of Plyometric and Balance Training on Neuromuscular Control of Recreational Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Laboratory Study.

Plyometric exercise has been suggested for knee injury prevention in sports participation, but studies on ankle plyometric training are limited. This study aims to investigate the change of joint position sense and neuromuscular activity of the unstable ankle after six-week integrated balance/plyometric training and six-week plyometric training. Thirty recreational athletes with functional ankle instability were allocated into three groups: plyometric group (P) vs. plyometric integrated with balance training group (BP) vs. control group (C). Ankle joint position sense, integrated electromyography (EMG), and balance adjusting time during medial single-leg drop-landing tasks were measured before and after the training period. Following the six-week period, both training groups exhibited a lower absolute error in plantar flexion (P group: pre: 3.79° ± 1.98°, post: 2.20° ± 1.31°, p = 0.016; BP group: pre: 4.10° ± 1.87°, post: 2.94° ± 1.01°, p = 0.045), and the integrated group showed a lower absolute error in inversion angles (pre 2.24° ± 1.44° and post 1.48° ± 0.93°, p = 0.022), and an increased integrated EMG of ankle plantar flexors before landing. The plyometric group exhibited a higher integrated EMG of the tibialis anterior before and after landing (pre: 102.88 ± 20.93, post: 119.29 ± 38.33, p = 0.009 in post-landing) and a shorter adjusting time of the plantar flexor following landing as compared to the pre-training condition (pre: 2.85 ± 1.15 s, post: 1.87 ± 0.97 s, p = 0.006). In conclusion, both programs improved ankle joint position sense and muscle activation of the ankle plantar flexors during single-leg drop landing. The plyometric group showed a reduced adjusting time of the ankle plantar flexor following the impact from drop landing.

Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises and Theraband Exercises on Physical Performance in Badminton Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background – Badminton is one of the most active recreational sport played in India. Different trainingprograms have become common to boost the athletic performance and advantages. Some of them areplyometric workouts, gyms, free body weight exercises and resistance exercises. Ballistic Six training isgiven to strengthen the muscles of the rotator cuff with overhead throwing activity to prevent injury to theshoulder whereas therabands with a combination of physical strength and warm-up movements are done formedical issuesObjective – To compare the effects of Ballistic Six exercises and thera-band exercises on strength, agility,speed and function in badminton players.Method - 40 participants aged between 18 – 25 years, playing on regular basis will be targeted in this study.Players will be split randomly into groups A (plyometric group) and B (thera-band group). All the trainingsessions will be initiated after a 10 minutes of warm up session. Protocol given will be twice a week for 8weeks. Main outcomes will be Seated Medicine Ball Throw for shoulder strength, Closed Kinetic ChainUpper Extremity Stability Test for agility, Plate Tapping Test for speed and Kerlan – Jobe Orthopaedic ClinicShoulder &amp; Elbow Score questionnaire will be used to assess the shoulder function. All assessments will bedone at baseline and at the end of 8 - weeks training session. Follow – up will be taken at end of 6 – month.Results – This study aims to compare effectiveness of two strengthening protocols, that is, Ballistic Sixexercise and Thera-band exercises, in young badminton players. Results of this study will depend onoutcome measures that are shoulder strength, agility, speed and function.Conclusion – To conclude, this research may help badminton players to enhance their performance throughthe better exercise protocol.

Weightlifting Is Better Than Plyometric Training to Improve Strength, Counter Movement Jump, and Change of Direction Skills in Tunisian Elite Male Junior Table Tennis Players

Kaabi, S, Mabrouk, RH, and Passelergue, P. Weightlifting is better than plyometric training to improve strength, counter movement jump, and change of direction skills in Tunisian elite male junior table tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2912-2919, 2022-This study aimed to compare the effect of integrating weightlifting (WL) resistance training or plyometric training for 8 weeks on physical performance among elite male junior table tennis players. Forty-five players were randomly divided into 3 groups. A WL resistance training group ( n = 15), plyometric (P) group ( n = 15), and a control (C) group ( n = 15). Weightlifting group and P group were trained for 8 weeks (2 sessions per week with 3 different exercises each time) in addition to the usual practice of table tennis during the preparatory phase, whereas the C group continued classical table tennis training sessions. Subjects were tested for 5-m sprint time, change of direction (CD) test on a 20-m "T" shape course, jumping tests such as standing long jump, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump, hang grip, and 1 repetition maximum strength tests as the bench press and back squat before (T0) and after (T1) the training program. There was no statistical difference between the 3 groups before the beginning of the training program. After the 8-week training program, only P and WL groups significantly improved their performances for all the tests. Combining all the tests, the WL group had larger improvement (12.6 vs. 8.2%) and effect sizes (1.88 vs. 1.22) than the P group. Thus, WL training seems more efficient than P training to improve neuromuscular performance of table tennis players, especially for a sport-specific table tennis change-of-direction test such as the 20-m CD test.

Effect of Plyometrics and Pilates Training on Dynamic Balance and Core Strength of Karate Players

Introduction: The success of the karate player mainly depends on the balance and core strength. Improvement in these physical variables depends upon the type of exercise training used by the athletes. In the Indian context, there is lack of literature that supports the use of Pilates and Plyometric Training (PT) programme in training of Karate players. Therefore, to achieve success in the sport, best training method should be chosen by athletes or coaches. Aim: To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of two training programs Pilates and Plyometric on balance and core strength of National level male Karate athletes. Materials and Methods: The design of this study was experimental and sampling technique was simple random sampling. This study was conducted on a sample of 120 with 40 subjects in each group i.e., Experimental group A (Plyometric, N=40), Experimental group B (Pilates, N=40) and Control group C (N=40). The data was collected during 20th May 2018 to 10thFebruary 2020. The national level male karate players in the age group of 18 to 24 years with playing experience of five years were included in the study. The plyometric and pilates training were carried out in experimental groups for three days per week for eight weeks and no training method was implemented in the control group. Three reading were recorded, at the baseline, at the end of 4th and 8th week. Dynamic balance and core strength were the outcome measurements which were measured by modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) and isometric core strength tests respectively. All the data was analysed by SPSS version 2.0 and the descriptive stats noted as mean±SD. ANOVA post-hoc analysis were calculated with p-value significance set at &lt;0.05. Results: After eight weeks of intervention, both experimental groups showed significant improvement in dynamic balance and core strength comparisons between the groups. When the pre-test and post-test values of the experimental groups have been compared at the 4th week and 8th week of the study showed significant improvement (p-value &lt;0.001) in the mSEBT and Core strength of the plyometric group compared to pilates and control group. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that plyometrics and pilates both can improve balance and core strength of karate players but the PT method had more positive and statistically better effects on core strength and dynamic balance than pilates group in the view of sports performance.

The Effects of Plyometrics and Weight Training on Power, Agility and Muscle Tone of Quadriceps and Hamstring

Purpose: This study compared the changes in power and agility and muscle tone of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles after 10 weeks of plyometrics or weight training to strengthen the leg muscles. The following conclusions were obtained. Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to a plyometrics group (n = 10) and a weight training group (n = 10) from male college students who did not recently participate in a regular exercise program. Plyometrics and weight training were performed three times a week for 10 weeks with 60 minutes a day. The exercise intensity was divided into 3 stages, and the weight training group and the plyometrics group performed 3 sets of 1 repetition maximum (RM) of 60, 70, 80%, and 10, 12, 15 repetitions (rep), respectively. Results: First, there was an interaction effect between the group and time period on power. The plyometrics group showed a greater increase in power than the weight training group. Second, there was an interaction effect between the group and time period on agility. While agility improved in the plyometrics group, no significant difference was observed in the weight training group. Third, there was an interaction effect between the group and time period on the muscle tones of the left and right quadriceps muscles. The muscle tone increased more in the weight training group than in the plyometrics group. Fourth, there was an interaction effect between the group and time period on the muscle tones of the left and right hamstring muscles. The muscle tone increased more in the weight training group than in the plyometrics group. Conclusion: The change in muscle tone value was found to have a significant relationship with the increase in muscle strength and power through plyometrics and weight training, and additional research should be conducted to investigate the relationship between exercise performance ability and muscle tone.

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN PLYOMETRICS EXERCISE WITH AEROBIC EXERCISE TOWARDS DECISION-MAKING IN YOUNG ADULTS

Background: Lack of physical activity in individual has a big impact towards brain as if in the cognitive parts of the brain, especially decision making and memory. The relation between physical activity and cognitive ability is related to angiogenesis and neurogenesis that is more optimal in individuals who do their physical activity routine. Plyometrics and Aerobic exercise are proven to have a positive effect on the body, but there has been no further research on the comparison of the two sports. Aim: to understand the comparison between plyometrics exercise with aerobic exercise towards decision-making in young adults . Methods: This study used quasi experimental design pretest and posttest. The subjects were 39 aged, all of whom are students of Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Subjects divided into 3 groups as control, Plyometrics exercise, and Aerobic exercise. Decision-making score measured by IOWA Gambling Task (IGT). Data’s significance was analyzed with paired t-test. Results: There was significant difference in decision-making score before (pre-test) and after (post-test) Plyometrics and Aerobic exercise (p&lt;0,05). Nevertheless, higher score was found in experimental group 1 which is the Plyometrics exercise (p=0,000). Furthermore, there was significant difference towards decision-making score in experimental and control group (p&lt;0,05). Conclusion: Plyometrics and Aerobic exercise increase decision-making score for young adults. A more significant increase was found in the Plyometrics group (p=0,000).

Implementation of plyometric exercises to improve throwing velocity of male youth baseball players

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six-week upper-extremity plyometric exercise program on throwing velocity of male youth baseball players. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design in which comparisons were made between an upper-extremity plyometric group and a comparison group. 12 players were randomly recruited from two select level teams (12-15 each team) as a sample of convenience. Of those 12 players, 6 were randomly assigned to an experimental group and the other 6 were assigned to a comparison group. The experimental group participated in a supervised upper-extremity plyometric strength training program two times per week for 6 weeks, as well as a parent supervised home exercise program to be performed at home once per week. The comparison group completed their usual practice routine. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 16.0; Inc., Chicago IL). And independent t-test, a Mann-Whitney test, and two Wilcoxon signed ranks tests were utilized to attempt to identify within, and between, group differences for the variables that were studied. After 6 weeks of training, the experimental group experienced an increase of 2.44 mph in throwing velocity which yielded statistically significant results when compared to the comparison group’s increase of 0.59 mph which was not statistically significant. The researchers, nonetheless, concluded that exercises using biomechanical principles identified in the SAID principle might prove beneficial to training athletes in overhand throwing sports.

Use Of Plyometric Training To Offset Fatigue In Division I Collegiate Female Volleyball Players

Volleyball is a demanding sport consisting of multiple passages of play with a high priority on jumping, including attacking, blocking, jump serving and setting. Heavy resistance training and plyometric training have been shown to increase vertical jump in volleyball players, as well as high intensity interval training to increase conditioning, however, there is a lack of information on the use of plyometric training to decrease indexes of fatigue. PURPOSE: To determine if plyometric training can decrease repeated jump fatigue in NCAA Division I female college volleyball players METHODS: 8 female collegiate volleyball players (Age: 18.4 ± 0.7, height: 179.7 ± 9.2cm, weight: 71.8 ± 10.0kg), cleared of injuries completed a vertical jump test, squat jump test, repeat squat jump, and repeat block jump test while wearing velocity and height measuring devices. Participants were split into a control group (CON) and a plyometric group (PLYO), which completed a 3 day a week/ 8 week program consisting of dot drill and box drop jump exercise variations. After 8 weeks, participants were retested. Fatigue Index for the repeat tests were analyzed for statistical significance, [(Initial Jump-Final Jump)/Initial Jump)] x 100. RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in the PLYO group in the repeat squat jump test at posttest compared to the CON (10.98 ± 4.69 vs -5.41 ± 4.65 p<.015), and in the repeat block jump test compared to pretesting values within the PLYO group (6.41 ± 8.47 vs-4.24 ± 14.77, p<.042). CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of plyometric training may help offset fatigue as seen in multiple jump bouts in volleyball players, potentially attributing to increased athletic performance.

THE EFFECT OF PLYOMETRICS TRAINING ON EXPLOSIVE POWER OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY

Introduction : Explosive power are the combination maximum strength and maximum velocity. High value of muscle strength and velocity can lead to good measurement of explosive power. Plyometrics training known as an exercise that can increased explosive power. This exercise is really popular among athletes and has proven to increase their explosive power. However, there’s still no further study that measured explosive power on medical students after given plyometrics training treatment. Methods : Quasi experimental study of plyometrics training has done for 6 weeks to medical students Diponegoro University. 28 subjects was divide into 2 groups : plyometrics training (as treatment group) and control group (as non-treatment group). Vertical jump test score was measurement in pre-test, middle-test, and post-test. The explosive power measured by vertical jump test. The results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results : The explosive power improved among subjects in plyometrics treatment group. During the plyometrics treatment, vertical jump was singnificantly increase during treatment in pre-test to mid-test (35.93 cm to 49,21 cm ; P : &lt;0.001) and mid-test to post-test measurement (49.21 cm to 54.21 cm ; P : &lt;0.001). Vertical jump score significantly increase in plyometrics group compare to control group ; on middle-test (&lt;0.001 vs 0.344 ; P 0.019) and post-test (&lt;0.001 vs 729 ; P 0.001) measurement respectively. Conclusions : Plyometrics training improved lower limb explosive power in male medical students of Diponegoro University. This is marked by significantly increase among subjects in plyometrics treatment group.Keywords: Plyometrics Training, Explosive Power, Vertical Jump Test

The effect of a sand surface on physical performance responses of junior male handball players to plyometric training

BackgroundThe effects of 7 weeks plyometric training on a stable surface and on sand were compared in junior male handball players.MethodsA team of experienced players was divided randomly between three groups, undertaking a standard in-season regimen (C, n = 10), or supplementing this regimen by plyometric training on sand (PS, n = 11) or a stable surface (P, n = 10) for 7 weeks. Assessments included 20 m sprint times, change of direction tests (Modified change-of-direction T-test and Modified Illinois test), a repeated sprint T-test, jumping ability (squat, countermovement and five jump tests), and static and dynamic balance.ResultsAfter the intervention, PS showed significant increases of sprint speed relative to P and C. Change of direction scores were also improved for PS relative to P and C. Both PS and P increased vertical jump performance (squat jump, p = 0.005; ES = 0.170; counter-movement jump p < 0.001; ES = 0.247). Repeated sprint T-test scores improved in PS and P relative to C, with best times of PS > P (p < 0.05). Both plyometric groups improved their dynamic balance (p < 0.05), with three parameters of PS and only one of P being significantly greater than C. Static balance was also enhanced in both experimental groups (PS > P).ConclusionsWe conclude that for reasons that remain to be clarified, several performance measures in adolescent male handball players were increased more by 7 weeks of PS than by P.

The Effect of a Single Session of Plyometric Training Per Week on Fitness Parameters in Professional Female Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nonnato, A, Hulton, AT, Brownlee, TE, and Beato, M. The effect of a single session of plyometric training per week on fitness parameters in professional female soccer players. A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1046-1052, 2022-As the interest and popularity of female soccer has increased over the last few decades, there still lacks research conducted with the elite population, specifically ecological training interventions during the competitive season. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 12 weeks (undertaken once a week) of plyometric (PLY) training on physical performance in professional female soccer players during the season. Using a randomized controlled trial design, 16 players were included in the current study (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 4 years, weight 60.3 ± 4.9 kg, height 167 ± 3.7 cm) and randomized in PLY (n = 8) and Control groups (CON, n = 8), respectively. Squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), long jump (LJ), single-leg triple jump distance test (triple jump test), changes of direction 505 test (505-COD), and sprint 10 and 30 m were performed before and after 12 weeks of PLY training. Significant within-group differences were found in triple jump test dominant (p = 0.031, effect size [ES] = moderate) and nondominant limb (p = 0.021, ES = moderate) and sprint 10 m (p = 0.05, ES = large), whereas the CON did not report any positive variation. However, neither group reported significant variation in SJ, CMJ, LJ, 505-COD, and sprint 30 m (underlining the difficulties in obtain meaningful variation in season). These findings have strong practical applications because this study showed for the first time that a single session a week of plyometric training can significantly increase sport-specific fitness parameters in professional female soccer players during the season.

플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 농구동호인의 신체조성, 하지 등속성 근기능 및 무산소성 운동능력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of plyometric training on body composition, lower limbs isokinetic muscular function and anaerobic capacity of amateur basketball club members. 14 participants, who were all members of a nationwide amateur basketball club association, were divided into two groups of seven: control group (CG) and plyometric group (PG). Plyometric training programs were gradually implemented by PG: Three sets of 12 reps during the first week to the fourth; four sets of 15 reps during the fifth week to eighth. The data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation by SPSS WIN (ver. 19.0) program. The results were as follows: 1) In terms of body composition, not a significantly different interaction effects on body weight, lean body mass, body fat percentage, BMI did not appear. 2) In terms of PG compared to CG showed a significantly different in right side, left side extensor muscle strength(60°/sec) and left side flexor, extensor muscle power(180°/sec), (p＜.05). 3) In terms of anaerobic capacity, PG compared to CG showed a significantly different in peak power and average power (p＜.05). In conclusion, this study found that the plyometric training program had positive effects on lower limbs isokinetic muscular function, anaerobic capacity of the participating basketball players, proving the plyometric training program was appropriate to improve physical strength of amateur basketball club members.

Effects of Plyometric Training on Sprint Running Performance in Boys Aged 9-12 Years.

Skilled sprinting is fundamental in many sports, especially to improve athletic performance in youth. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of plyometric training on sprint performance in boys aged 9–12 years. Twenty boys were divided into a plyometric training group (n = 9) and a control training group (n = 11). In both groups, participants performed respective training programs once per week for 8 weeks with measurements at baseline and post-intervention. Sprint performance was assessed by 50-m sprint time, sprint velocity, step frequency and step length at 10-m intervals. Jumping performance was assessed using horizontal, vertical and rebound jumps. The plyometric training group showed an improved sprint velocity at 20–30 m, 30–40 m and 40–50 m, and step length at 0–10 m, 20–30 m and 30–40 m (p < 0.05). Furthermore, only the plyometric group showed an increased standing long jump distance and rebound jump performance (p < 0.05). The control group did not show any significant changes in any variable. Our findings suggest that plyometric training in pre-adolescent boys improves sprint velocity and step length at the maximum velocity phase concomitant with increased horizontal and rebound jump performance.

Effects of Contrast Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Lower-Limb Explosive Performance, Ability to Change Direction and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Soccer Players.

Hammami, M, Gaamouri, N, Shephard, RJ, and Chelly, MS. Effects of contrast strength vs. plyometric training on lower-limb explosive performance, ability to change direction and neuromuscular adaptation in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2094-2103, 2019-The aim was to compare the effects of 2 differing 8-week in-season strength training programs (contrast strength training [CST] vs. plyometric training [PT]) on selected performance tests (5 and 40 m sprints, S 4 × 5 m change of direction test, squat jump [SJ] and countermovement jump [CMJ], leg peak power on a cycle-ergometer force-velocity test, 1 repetition maximal half-squat, and electromyographic [EMG] activity of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles during vertical jump tests). Forty male soccer players (age = 15.8 ± 0.4 years; body mass = 58.8 ± 6.3 kg; body height = 1.74 ± 0.06 m; body fat = 10.5 ± 1.9%) were divided between a contrast strength group (CSG, n = 14), plyometric group (PG, n = 14), and control group (CG, n = 12). Both training programs enhanced sprint performance (p < 0.001 in 5 m; p ≤ 0.05 in 40 m) and change of direction test scores (p < 0.001) relative to controls. The plyometric group and CSG increased SJ height relative to the CG, with a slightly greater response in CSG compared with PG (p ≤ 0.05). Most CMJ scores increased significantly in both CSG and PG relative to the CG, with no intergroup differences in training response. Most force-velocity scores increased significantly in the CSG relative to PG and CG. The EMG parameters also increased in the CSG relative to both PG and CG. In summary, most measures of athletic performance in male soccer players were enhanced after CST and PT. However, the improvement of physical performance was better with 8 weeks of CST than with PT. Thus, coaches should be encouraged to include CST as an element of in-season conditioning.

Periodization of Plyometrics: Is There an Optimal Overload Principle?

Lievens, M, Bourgois, JG, and Boone, J. Periodization of plyometrics: Is there an optimal overload principle? J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2669-2676, 2021-This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of 3 plyometric training (PT) programs with equal training loads (intensity × volume × frequency) on speed, agility, and jumping performance. Forty-four male recreational team sport athletes were either assigned to a program that increased training volume with exercises of mixed intensity (Mix), kept training volume equal and increased exercise intensity (LowHi), increased training volume and kept exercise intensity low (Low), or to a control group (Control). Subjects were trained twice a week for 8 weeks and were tested for 5- (5 m) and 10-m sprint (10 m), 5 × 10-m shuttle run (5 × 10 m), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump without and with arm swing, and standing broad jump. Five-, 10- and 5 × 10-m performance did not change (p > 0.05) after the PT program. Jumping performance, except for SJ (p = 0.114), improved significantly (p < 0.05) in the PT groups compared with the control group. However, no mutual differences (p < 0.05) were established between plyometric groups. In addition, it was shown that a PT of high intensity was more likely to affect performance and blood inflammation markers in the following days. To conclude, PT programs following a different overload pattern, i.e., different combination of volume and intensity, but equal training load showed similar performance effects in recreationally trained men. However, before competition, a PT of low intensity is preferred over a PT of high intensity to avoid a decline in performance.

Effects of plyometric and pull training on performance and selected strength characteristics of junior male weightlifter

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plyometric and pull training added an Olympic weightlifting training program (twice a week for 8 wk) on performance and selected strength characteristics in junior male weightlifter. Material: The participants [n = 34; age: 16.03 ± 0.9 y; mass: 74.78 ± 14.86 kg; height: 170.53 ± 6.81 cm] were randomized into a pull (n = 11), a plyometric (n = 12), and a control (n= 11) groups. The groups trained 6 days a week during the 8-week study period. The pull group performed four pull exercises and the plyometric group performed four plyometric exercises added to Olympic weightlifting program for 2 days a week, and the control group performed an Olympic weightlifting program alone. Analysis of variance and Magnitude-based inferences used to determine whether a significant difference existed among groups on snatch clean and jerk total (SCT), squat (SQ), back strength (BS), countermovement jump (CMJ), 30 sec. repeated jump height (RJH) and peak barbell velocity (PV). Results: The ANOVA showed a time × group interaction for SCT, BS and RJH. The MBI indicated positive changes for SCT in control group, for BS in pull group and for RJH in plyometric group. The results for the PV decrease in plyometric and pull group indicated no significant time × group interaction, but there was a significant main effects. ASK "Inserisci l'aim" \* MERGEFORMAT ASK \* MERGEFORMAT Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of pull or plyometric training to an Olympic weightlifting program interfered with weightlifting performances.

플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 고교 축구선수의 운동기능체력과 하지 등속성 근기능에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to provide a more efficient and scientific training method for soccer coaches by examining the change of body composition, physical fitness and isokinetic muscular function in Plyometric training program. 16 high school soccer players who affiliated K-club with the Korean Football Association were divided into 8 (control group : CG) which performed a general training program and 8 (plyometric group : PG) which applied Plyometric training program for 8 weeks, 3 times in a week for 40 minutes. The data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation by SPSS WIN (Ver. 19.0) program.BR The results were as follows: Body composition did not differ significantly in weight, fat-free mass and BMI, but there was a significantly in body fat ratio (p.05). There was a significantly in power, agility, balance, and throw-in(p.05) in athletic stamina, but there was no significantly in the kick. The lower constant velocity muscular function showed the main effects of the right knee flexural force of the muscular force(60°/sec) and the measuring period of the dynamic force ratio(p.05). The right knee flexural force(p.05), muscular power(180°/sec), showed the main effect of the measurement period (p.05).BR In conclusion, the plyometric training program has a positive effect on improvement of physical fitness and high school soccer player and it is considered to be suitable as a fitness program.

Efeito do treinamento pliométrico e isométrico na força explosiva de atletas de handebol

Plyometrics uses the reactive capacity of the neuromuscular system to increase the power of movement from an eccentric to a concentric contraction. Isometry refers to a static mode of training, ie there is no change in muscle fiber length. Handball is a collective sport that involves a large amount and variety of movement associated with ball manipulation and interaction with other athletes. In terms of movement, handball can be considered a complete sport because it uses a rich combination of fundamental and "natural" motor skills of the human motor repertoire. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of a 4 week plyometric and isometric training on the explosive strength of young handball athletes. The sample consisted of 10 women, with an average age of 16.1 ± 0.56 years, who had been practicing handball for at least three months. The evaluation protocol used was: horizontal jump (HS) to measure lower limb explosive strength. The girls were divided into two statistically equal groups, the plyometric group (GP) and the isometric group (GI). Data were analyzed using paired t-test and Effect Size, as well as the Proesp manual. Initially the tests presented the following results: GP showed 1.32 ± 0.13m in HS and GI 1.41 ± 0.10m. After four weeks of training, the tests were redone and the GP showed 1.37 ± 0.08m in HS and the GI 1.43 ± 0.09m. Statistically the changes were not significant, the magnitude of the effect and the lower explosive strength results were superficial. It is concluded that, although statistically insignificant, both methods present little evolution in the explosive force of lower limbs, and it is necessary to further analyze the methods in these gains and also to analyze the concurrent proposal between both methods.