Value Pluralism Research Articles

Tradition and Transformation: Spirituality in Church-Related Caring Communities in a Pluralistic Society

Demographic change in aging societies makes it urgent to ask how care can be understood as a social task. This is where the concept of caring communities comes in, which understands care as a task of many, indeed, of society as a whole, and aims to offer mutual care in communities. While the concept has been described in theory many times, empirical studies are rare. In pluralistic Western societies, the church as an institution is becoming less important while spirituality and spiritual needs are increasing in prominence. These processes of secularization run parallel to a growing interest in spirituality and an individualization of religion. Nonetheless, church congregations have always offered a place of mutual care and lived religion that functions as a network and social resource. So far, the role of spirituality in church-related caring communities has not been sufficiently addressed. In an exploratory qualitative study of three church-related caring communities in Germany, we focus on the target group of caring relatives, of whom we interviewed nine. The results show that church-related caring communities provide important spiritual resources and rely on the basis of shared values that are closely connected to Christian convictions. However, the different understandings of care and spirituality point to the relevance of discussing the often preliminary motives and values of care. Especially in plural societies, the discourse on plural values for mutual care is important and can form a basis for caring practices such as spiritual and pastoral care. Opportunities and places to discuss and debate different and shared values underlining care practices are necessary. The potential of spiritual and pastoral care in church-related caring communities is important and needs to be further strengthened.

Just nature-based solutions and the pursuit of climate resilient urban development

Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer pathways towards climate resilient development. For cities, these pathways translate to a host of benefits to address the climate crisis, including climate change adaptation and mitigation, biodiversity protection and enhancement, and human well-being. In urban spaces, NbS are also about the design and re-design of the urban built and natural environment. This presents a need to create the institutions and governance mechanisms that allow for the co-production and co-design of NbS alongside local communities in ways that serve to address justice and legacies of inequality. In this perspective, I examine three areas of focus to deliver just nature-based solutions: problem, process, and progress. Problem focuses on the types of relationships nature-based solutions seek to transform—the race and class-based inequalities embedded in urban form. Process addresses how nature-based solutions can deliver justice through design and co-production. Finally, progress is about developing indicators and measuring progress towards achieving just nature-based solutions and how they reflect diverse and pluralistic value systems. Collectively these should move just NbS towards the repair of social and ecological exploitation in and beyond the city.

Exploring the impacts of woodland management on ecosystem services – a deliberative method

ABSTRACT There is a need for operational decision-making methodologies applicable at local management scales which are inclusive and enable the integration of plural values, knowledges and perspectives of co-produced ecosystem services. Here we describe a deliberative scenario analysis method using ‘management intervention bundles’ as distinct scenarios to assess the perceived impact of changing management on woodland ecosystem services. We used three hypothetical future management scenarios, Biodiversity Conservation, People Engagement and Austerity, alongside scenarios of the Past, Present and an existing Management Plan. We assessed the perceived impacts of these scenarios on 11 ecosystem services using local expert workshops in six sites across Scotland. The experts were chosen to represent a range of different perspectives, from biodiversity to the local economy, community concerns and recreation. Overall, Management Plan, Biodiversity Conservation and People Engagement scenarios performed significantly better than Past, Present and Austerity scenarios. Further quantitative and in-depth qualitative analysis revealed trade-offs and noteworthy patterns. We explore some of these key trade-offs and patterns and argue that our methodology has potential to be an effective tool for local managers to support local decision-making at management scales for co-produced ecosystem services. Our methodology enabled a diverse group of local experts to express and deliberate a range of values, experiences and viewpoints. This knowledge sharing and collective learning allowed the development of shared values and perspectives, which are thought to be critical in more equitable and inclusive decision-making.

Taking innovative humanising pedagogy towards Thirdness: sustaining the development of intercultural competence

ABSTRACT To facilitate intercultural communicative competence, language learners are invited into the triadic capacity of Thirdness, where the social and critical interpretations of intercultural dialogue are explored. Little is known of the specific pedagogical stages to create such a terrain for the development of students’ sustainable intercultural competence. Situated within a tertiary-level English classroom in China, this study reveals how teachers can employ five pedagogical stages and humanised pedagogy to decentre cultural imperialism and promote plural values, behaviours and ways of knowing, and how students relativise their own beliefs to those of the target language culture.

“Srawung Persaudaraan Sejati Kaum Muda Lintas Agama” Gereja Keuskupan Agung Semarang dalam Kacamata Dokumen Fratelli Tutti

Amid the current tension of interfaith life in Indonesia, the Semarang Archdiocese Church (KAS) is working to create a welcoming space for young people. Since 2014, KAS Church has organized an activity called “Kongres Persaudaraan Sejati”, which was later changed to “Srawung Persaudaraan Sejati Kaum Muda Lintas Agama” in 2018. This activity, which takes place every four years, aims to demonstrate the Catholic Church's involvement in upholding the value of pluralism, which is based on a culture of encounter or dialog. This idea of a culture of encounter was then enriched by the ideological model defended by Pope Francis in his encyclical Fratelli Tutti (2020). The document Fratelii Tutti (2020) contains a model for reflection on coexistence and the movement towards world peace. This article will explore the thought pattern of Pope Francis regarding the document Fratelli Tutti (2020) and find the contribution of this thought to the activity “Srawung Persaudaraan Sejati Kaum Muda Lintas Agama”.

From unity in diversity to culture wars? Aceh women's mastery over Adat, Islam, and the state inheritance laws

This article explores “Asian values” and conflicts purported by normative pluralism in Asia from an anthropological approach. Instead of a zero-sum narrative of culture wars, this article proposes a narrative of social order through public reasoning that takes value plurality into account. This article contextualizes the concept of value in a specific social and cultural context as a query to the abstract, homogenizing nature of the concept itself. What happens when religious and state civil laws prescribe certain family values and behaviors, but the same values and behaviors are nonetheless culturally unjustified? This article is based on an anthropological analysis of Muslim women's perspectives in Banda Aceh. The study of inheritance law aims to provide a forum for evaluating legal engagements in a culture characterized by competing and contradictory values, such as in Aceh. The Acehnese hold legal pluralism: Adat, Shari'a, and state civil laws. Acehnese's choices of Adat, Shari'a, or civil laws are influenced by her social relationships and belongings. From an Acehnese standpoint, no single law has complete control over what is good and improper about inheritance. What is clear from the Aceh context is that the state is not the sole provider and protector of rights and justice. Aceh people use the state law and Shari'a law as a last resort when parties with no mutual interest have conflicting claims regarding inheritance. Further, the Acehnese promote public reasoning in which the plurality of laws are valued equally and one's coercion is consistent with one's respect for others.

Contested representations of benefits of urban nature in a densifying marginalised neighbourhood

The aim of this study is to uncover contested representations of benefits of urban nature, and how these are formally considered and operationalised in planning in the context of densification in a contested space. Such examination is necessary to understand to what extent the implementation of various representations allows for diverse framings of plural values of nature in governance, especially in vulnerable areas and contested spaces, and to consider the implications of these different knowledge holders. Through a case study of an ongoing densification process in Bellevuegården and Lorensborg in Malmö, this study explores how benefits of urban nature are (i) represented in planning and policy, and expressed by (ii) opposing residents within the planning process. The study draws on interviews and document analysis and contributes to an in-depth and localised understanding of the construction of benefits of urban nature in planning, including confrontations between planning, developers, residents, and urban nature. We uncover how multiple representations exist simultaneously at different levels of planning, policy and in the lived experiences of residents. The lack of formal guidelines for how to represent these benefits in planning and decision-making, in terms of concepts, tools and assessment approaches, creates an interpretive flexibility that is not systematically inclusive of a spectrum of diverse social and ecological representations and their underlying values. Rather, this flexibility allowed for representations aligned with the city’s strategic goals for densification to be privileged, which in this case resulted in the decision to remove green space.

SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA DAN UPAYA MENBANGUN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL YANG BERKARAKTER MULTIKULTURAL

Indonesia is a country that has a variety of cultures and customs attached to a variety of ethnicities, races, cultures and religions. So that a multicultural education is needed, namely education that respects differences, so as not to become a source of conflict and division. One of the important objectives of the concept of multicultural education is to help learners to acquire knowledge, and appreciate others of different ethnicities, cultures and personality values. Multicultural education has four values, namely: Equality Value, Tolerance Value, Democratic Value, and Pluralism Value. The above values have views that complement each other in responding to multiculturalism education. National Identity is a national personality or national identity, namely characteristics or characteristics, feelings or beliefs, culture or habits owned by a nation that distinguish one nation from another. Indonesia's national identity is pluralistic consisting of a fundamental identity, namely Pancasila, an instrumental identity, namely the 1945 Constitution.

Advancing knowledge pluralism and cultural benefits in ecosystem services theory and application

Improved consideration of the cultural benefits of ecosystem services (ES) requires attention to knowledge pluralism in addition to value pluralism. Theorists have increasingly argued that meaningful inclusion of cultural benefits of ES requires attention to plural values, beyond the individual, instrumental values associated with ecosystems. However, there has been little engagement around the role of knowledge pluralism as a foundational enabling factor for meaningful consideration of plural values. This paper contributes to a conceptual toolkit for implementation of knowledge pluralism in ES theory and application by (re)conceptualizing ES-knowledge as a knowledge system. This can support personal and collective reflexivity around the role of worldviews embedded in our institutions, and illuminate what is at stake when assumptions about human-nature relationship and well-being remain hidden. Further, by locating benefits-knowledge as a core element of the ES-knowledge-system, we can imagine a greater range of possible cultural-benefits-knowledge-forms and improve our ability to comprehend and convey the plural values of cultural benefits of ES, as they arise across cultural contexts.

RUSSIAN-GERMAN INTERACTION IN TERMS OF EUROPEAN POLICY OF CONTAINMENT: TO INTERRUPT IT’S IMPOSSIBLE TO SUPPORT

The policy of sanctions’ restrictions, being persistently carried out by the European countries, isn’t crowned with expected results and has more sharply attracted attention to European problems. The hypothesis is, that immersing into economic withstanding leads into trajectory of discussing in ideological context. Value problematic becomes important because liberalism has stopped be identified with idea of freedom and something common in human nature, we need search for possible variant of common existence in the future Europe – for rightful dialogue originated from pluralism of values, not from conditions of deal, whether the “grain”, “gas” or “green climate”. Germany and Russia were always connected by dependent relations, which determined it’s important role in Europe. The stereotype of “notorious German legitimacy, following the order established”, according to which Germany more needs habitual longstanding coordinates then abstract freedom, keeps hope, that Germany the first will realize and continue to uphold the single and multivariant possibility of existence of the Europe common with Russia, of continuing the interaction with Russia in the most important questions: military and energetic safety, economic and investment cooperation, scientific and cultural-educational exchange. Russian-German relations were traditionally a guarantor of stable Europe and its worthy place in global architecture. There will be no exclusion now. Rules will change, but place and role of Russia on Eurasian continent for objective reasons is an axiom and isn’t a subject to reconsideration by initiators of withstanding. Their destructive role consists in cleaning and preparing the place for relations of new level for good of common Europe.

Vrednosni pluralizam u romanima Crni psi i Subota Ijana Makjuana

Ian McEwan, an influential and provocative British novelist and short-story writer, has addressed a variety of issues, distinguishing himself as a socially and politically engaged author. This paper explores contemporary liberalism as depicted in two of McEwan's novels, Black Dogs and Saturday, both charged with moral complexity. The analysis is approached from the perspective of value pluralism, which recognises the plurality of morally correct yet incompatible and incommensu-rable principles or values. These values may conflict with each other, but since all are correct, the conflicts remain unresolved. It is the author's belief that the novels highlight value pluralism through characters who, while navigating a pluralist environment, disclose the challenges and limitations of liberal democracies. The theoretical context this paper relies on is based on ideas of Isaiah Berlin and his notion of value pluralism.

The Importance of Cared for Diversity through Multicultural Education at School Medan

Multiculturalism is a concept that is addressed to a society in the context of nationality to recognize diversity, pluralism, and diversity of races, cultures, ethnicities, and religions. The purpose of this study is to describe the model of multicultural education at the Sultan Iskandar Muda educational foundation school and to examine further the concepts and practices of holistic multicultural education. The type of research conducted is qualitative research using an ethnographic approach. Locations conducted during the study were in the area around Medan at the Sultan Iskandar Muda College Foundation, Jalan Sunggal, the informants were appointed by the Principal, Teachers, Students. The results of this study are that the application of multicultural education at YPSIM provides a belief and explanation that examines and assesses the importance of cultural and ethnic diversity in lifestyle, social experience, personal identity, educational opportunities of individuals, groups and countries. The concept of holistic multicultural education can be seen through the school's vision and policies, leadership and management, capacity and culture and school culture. So that later multicultural education can be integrated with existing subjects in schools to realize the values of tolerance, pluralism, nationalism and anti-discrimination.

Frame plurality and ‘or/rationality’: a dialogic approach to the behavioral state

Abstract Consequentialist theories of the behavioral state are largely grounded in satisfying self-interested preferences through policies that employ choice architecture and related strategies to encourage rational decision-making. Even when allowing for free choice, however, this stance tends to be characterized by a paternalistic ‘view from nowhere’ that may not fully accommodate a plurality of values. Alternative approaches such as contractarianism position policy in the context of marketplace exchange, bolstered by shared beliefs in the legitimacy of social institutions. Yet this view may not sufficiently consider issues of asymmetric access, or ideological frames that do not see these institutions as legitimate. To address these deficits, we propose the value of a dialogical approach to behavioral public policy that facilitates collaborative engagement and behavioral justice to redress asymmetries and inequities through a more discursive approach, which builds on practices employed by design for public policy. In so doing, this political theory suggests an actionable counterpoint to paternalistic and competition-based conceptions of the State to address frame plurality and increase the potential for system equity.

Аксиология М. Вебера в современной перспективе

The article is devoted to the value problems in the sociology of M. Weber. It shows the interrelation of Weber’s sociological methodology and theory of social action with the neo-Kantianism of the Baden school. The differ-ences between G. Rickert’s axiology and M. Weber’s approach are revealed. Thus, the article interprets the specificity of M. Weber’s attitude to the consideration of value issues in social sciences both at the time of choosing the subject of research and as part of the scientific research itself. The role of value pluralism in M. Weber’s social theory is demonstrated, the problem of the influence of religious values on economic ethics is touched upon. Antinomies of “ethics of persuasion and ethics of responsibility” in M. Weber’s political works are outlined, their influence on various value systems is shown. The influence of M. Weber’s thought on modern theories of values is characterized. New approaches to the analysis of this topic based on the material of mod-ern sociology and psychology of values are outlined.

Exploring Multicultural Education: A Case Study of Singkawang

This article investigates multicultural education in Singkawang, Indonesia, where diverse ethnicities coexist. Rapid social changes often trigger ethnic migration, leading to a convergence of cultures. Ethnocentrism can impede inter-ethnic communication, fostering stereotypes and ethnic conflicts. Multicultural education, emphasizing democratic, humanistic, and pluralistic values, is proposed to address these issues. Singkawang, recognized for its ethnic diversity, serves as a unique case study. The research method involves qualitative analysis with interviews from students, teachers, and parents from various ethnic backgrounds. Findings revealed the city's friendly atmosphere, preserved harmony, and respectful behavior, especially among students. "Ngopi bareng" (coffee gathering) is identified as a key practice among adult localsstated by parents of students in maintaining multiculturalism. Schools also actively promote tolerance through democratic practices, curriculum diversity, and inclusive instructional strategies. The article concludes that multicultural education is vital in fostering acceptance, understanding, and appreciation of diversity, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this approach in shaping open-minded individuals in a diverse society. Further research is recommended to explore this topic's nuances.

A Morality Fit for Humans

ABSTRACT There are a number of assumptions made in our accepted psychology of moral decision-making that consequentialism seems to violate:: value connectionism, pluralism and dispositionalism. But consequentialism violates them only on a utilitarian or similar theory of value, not on the rival sort of theory that is sketched here.

Is the Party Really Over? Parties, Partisanship and the Politics of Crime

Abstract Political parties occupy a contradictory position in the criminological literature: at once active participants in the political contestation of crime but virtually absent from contemporary debates concerning the relationship between crime and democratic theory. In this paper, I present a ‘rational reconstruction’ of party and partisanship as distinctive modes of political association that are vital to liberal democratic systems that take seriously (1) the value of political pluralism and (2) the limits of public reason to yield definitive answers to the crime question. Currently, political parties are failing to perform these mediating roles satisfactorily and I conclude that a stronger normative commitment to an ‘ethic of partisanship’ can help to revitalize our representative democracies and foster a better politics of crime.

Leverage points for tackling unsustainable global value chains: market-based measures versus transformative alternatives

Tropical forests are rapidly disappearing due to the expansion of cash crops to meet demands from distant markets. Pressing concerns on deforestation impacts resulting from the global trade of tropical commodities have led some high-income countries’ governments to consider diverse regulatory and trade levers to tackle the problem. These include proposals for new supply chain due diligence legislation concerning imports of forest-risk products and the inclusion of environmental measures in trade deals. To contribute to this debate, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of existing data on global trade and consumption patterns of tropical commodities, attribution of commodity production to deforestation, trade agreements, and progress in the implementation of crop sustainability standards. We used global data on key tropical commodities of oil palm, cocoa, and coffee. Our study shows that high-income countries have the highest per capita consumption for the three commodities evaluated and that consumption rates have dramatically increased in the last two decades. We discuss a range of measures that can potentially be required to tackle deforestation in global supply chains, which are currently being considered by policymakers, before discussing the kinds of post-growth, convivial approaches that are often excluded by the framing. Given the inherent expansionary nature of global market dynamics, we show that market-based initiatives are inadequate to tackle continuing deforestation and socio-ecological degradation. More transformative solutions amplify commoning and post-growth approaches are required to lead to some uncoupling of trade and territorialising of economic activity to fit within planetary boundaries and allow for plural values.

Reducing Moral Distress by Teaching Healthcare Providers the Concepts of Values Pluralism and Values Imposition.

AbstractThere is a clear need for interventions that reduce moral distress among healthcare providers (HCPs), given the high prevalence of moral distress and the far-ranging negative consequences it has for them. Healthcare ethics consultants are frequently called upon to manage moral distress, especially among nursing staff. Recently, researchers have both broadened the definition of moral distress and demarcated subcategories of the phenomenon with the intent of creating more targeted and effective interventions. One of the most frequently occurring subcategories of moral distress in this new taxonomy has been labeled "moral-constraint distress," though scholars have argued that not all constraints on HCPs' moral agency are inappropriate given the often-competing healthcare values of patients, families, and clinical staff. To attempt to reduce the instances of moral distress in cases in which the constraints on HCPs' moral agency are justified, we propose an intervention that focuses on shifting the HCPs' "frame of reference" on moral-constraint distress, teaching HCPs how to distinguish unjustified and justified constraints on their moral agency. The anchors of this blueprint for reducing moral-constraint distress are the philosophical concepts of "values pluralism" and "values imposition." The rationale for this intervention is that, in situations where the constraint on moral agency is justified but the experience of moral distress could nevertheless be severe, the emphasis needs to be on helping the HCP to "think differently" rather than "act differently."

Navigating the Ethical Path: Nonmaleficence and Cultural Humility in Psychotherapy

In this article we explore integrating diversity, equity, inclusivity (DEI), intersectionality, and cultural humility into psychotherapy, guided by the ethical principle of nonmaleficence—the commitment to do no harm. We critique the limitations of traditional Eurocentric psychotherapy and advocate for DEI principles to better address the diverse realities of clients from varied cultural backgrounds. We propose actionable recommendations for psychotherapists to adopt a holistic, inclusive approach, emphasizing valuing each client's unique experiences. This approach is aimed at ensuring that psychotherapy practice is effective, socially just, culturally responsive, and ethically sound, aligning with the Galveston Declaration's values of pluralism, flux, opening space, and responsibility for continued growth in therapeutic practice.