Plurality Of Relations Research Articles

The bordering and rebordering of climate mobilities: towards a plurality of relations

The relation between climate change and migration is subject to fast growing attention in scientific, policy, and public discourse. It is also subject to numerous representations and containment measures that carve out a new form of migration; one that includes visions of which populations deserve protection, should be stopped, or made mobile, and what areas are worth saving. This article interrogates these processes of bordering associated with climate mobilities research and policymaking, whilst also exploring how border-mobility relations and associated processes of bordering might be changed or rethought in a changing climate. Drawing on empirical examples from different world contexts—ranging from the Pacific to Southern Europe, we centre on the plural and contested ways in which borders in relation to climate mobilities manifest themselves in both geopolitical, conceptual, and cognitive terms, and in doing so build on, but also move beyond, literature examining the securitisation and exclusionary effect of borders vis-à-vis climate mobilities. We signal how a critical understanding of bordering further exposes classifications of so-called internal or international climate migration, of the un/deserving migrant, of the environmental un/privileged; and demonstrate how climate im/mobilities themselves feed into, resist, reshape, or even reimagine processes of (re)bordering.

Relational Pluralism within the Hybrid Organization

Relational Pluralism within the Hybrid Organization

Patent Reassignments, R&D Collaborations and Firms’ Innovation: A Relational Pluralism View

Patent Reassignments, R&D Collaborations and Firms’ Innovation: A Relational Pluralism View

Relational pluralism, organizational status, and the adoption of collegiate varsity esports programs in the US

ABSTRACT Research question Sport management scholars often draw on institutional theory to examine the adoption of new approaches among sport organizations, but understanding of variation in innovation adoption remains limited. Using a relational perspective to better account for the complexity of the institutional environment, we examine the following questions in the context of esports: how do organizations’ ties to different entities across the field affect the adoption of innovations in sport? And how are these relationships shaped by organizational status? Research methods Our sample includes 1274 universities and colleges in the U.S. We used event history analysis to investigate the influence of ties to field-level interest associations (i.e. athletic associations) and local-level peer networks (i.e. athletic conferences, state community settings) on organizational adoption of collegiate varsity esports programs. We also examined the moderating role of organizational status (i.e. university/college ranking). With respect to model selection, we used the Cox proportional hazard model. Results and findings Results show that interest associations and local peer networks have a significant effect on the establishment of varsity esports programs. Additionally, organizational status moderates the influence of different relational ties (i.e. interest associations and peers) on esports adoption. Implications : This study contributes to the institutional literature on innovation adoption in sport by revealing how relational pluralism and organizational status affect the adoption of new sport programs.

The Roles of Supply Networks and Board Interlocks in Firms’ Technological Entry and Exit: Evidence from the Chinese Automotive Industry

ABSTRACTIn this research, we explore how supply networks and board interlocks – as distinct, yet parallel interorganizational networks – jointly influence firms’ entry into new technology domains and exit from old technology domains. Drawing from the perspectives of social networks and organizational learning we highlight the relevance of the interdependency between these networks for a firm's technological entry and exit decisions. We argue that a firm that maintains a large number of supplier ties is more likely to enter new technology domains and exit from old technology domains instead. We further find empirical evidence that the degree centrality of a firm in its board interlock network strengthens these effects. Our theoretical arguments are supported through stochastic actor-based modeling analysis for the longitudinal and multilevel networks of 86 firms active in the Chinese automotive during 2011–2015. These findings inform the literature on interorganizational network dynamics as we insert relational pluralism to examine the complexities of organizational relationships as antecedents to a firms’ technological entry and exit. Finally, we imagine the implications of our analysis for management as they shed light on how multiple interorganizational relationships affect firms’ decisions on new technology entry and old technology exit.

Law enforcement in context of transformation of the labor sphere and modernization of the theory of labor relations

The subject of research is the problems of modernization of the subject of labor law and the theory of labor relations in the context of the transformation of the labor sphere The purpose of article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis thatThe methodology of research is formal legal and logical interpretation of Russian Constitution and labor legislation, analysis of the academic publications concerning labor law. Based on the historical analysis of the law structuring process, the direction of development of labor law as a private-public branch of law.The main results, scope of application. It is substantiated that the totality of elements of legal relations, characteristic of both private and public law (freely entering into labor relations on the basis of an agreement, but forced to fulfill obligations under the agreement exclusively by personal labor, obeying the employer’s will in the process of labor activity), should be a system (an interconnected integrative set having an anti-entropic character) in order to function effectively. The removal of some elements from this system entails an imbalance in the system of the labor law branch as a whole, with possible subsequent destruction. On the basis of a systematic approach, the formation and development of the theory of labor relations in domestic legal science are studied. The foundations of the convergent "theory of the plurality of unified labor relations", developed for application in the conditions of transition to new technological paradigms and growing differentiation of forms of labor organization, are proposed and substantiated. This theory was developed on the basis of the “theory of a single indivisible labor relationship” by N.G. Aleksandrov and "the theory of the complex of labor relations" V.N. Skobelkin. On the basis of the theory of plurality of unified labor legal relations, the prospects for expanding the subject of the branch of labor law are determined by including in it emerging new relations that are associated with the use of human labor on a contractual and non-contractual basis. A motivated assumption is formulated that such an expansion of the subject of labor law will make it possible to complete the process begun a century and a half ago and finally remove all contracts providing for the employment of labor from the subject of civil law in favor of labor law. A contract of personal employment between individuals, assuming the equality of the parties to the use of independent labor not with a single employer, will remain civil law. Through the institutions of labor protection, social insurance and social partnership, labor law should begin a systematic expansion to any emerging new form of organization of human labor. After that, a new form of labor organization can be subject to various sets of other industry norms and institutions, the use of which ensures the protection of the employee and an increase in production efficiency. The necessity of changing the presumption of proving the existence of labor relations to proving civil relations is substantiated.Conclusions. The article substantiates the three-subject composition of the participants in the system of legal relations arising from the use of agency labor (contract on the provision of an employee) and the need to establish joint liability of subjects on the side of the employer (solidary employer). It proves the need to release the employee from liability for offenses detected by artificial intelligence. It is proposed to continue research on the prospects for the formation of labor procedural law.

Fragmenting work: Theoretical contributions and insights for a future of work research and policy agenda

AbstractMick Marchington's highly innovative research and writings on ‘Fragmenting Work’ have transformed our understanding of organisations, human resource management (HRM) and the world of work. He led a series of in‐depth case studies of networked organisations—including airport operations, supply chains, multi‐client call centres, public‐private partnerships and information technology outsourcing—and argued for the significance of inter‐organisational networks in directly informing HRM theory and also shaping HRM practice. The resulting highly cited body of published work captured and further developed Mick's intellectual interests in pluralism and complexity in relation to HRM theory. In this article, we reflect on Mick's theoretical contributions and also consider how core theoretical insights derived from the Fragmenting Work research programme can be applied to new questions about the future of work concerning digital platforms, career ladders and global supply chains.

Venture governance as a syndicate

Acquisition as a means to achieving growth is a common practice among established firms. Increasingly, we are witnessing start-ups following in the footsteps of these firms, acquiring other start-ups for inorganic growth. This paper analyses this phenomenon from the point of view of the acquiree, seeing venture governance as a syndicate drawing on relational pluralism. In the current study, we conceive of relational pluralism not as a safeguarding mechanism, but as a facilitating one. As such, we regard multiple interlocking board ties as a form of a syndicate and address the mediating role of a portfolio of such ties. That is, we not only show how a portfolio of board interlocking ties contributes to mediate the process of achieving growth by being acquired by another firm, but we also point to a leadership structure facilitating such an inorganic growth mode.

Восприятие романа «Бесы» Ф.М. Достоевского в советской культуре и литературной критике в 1920-е годы

The evolution of Soviet ideology and culture can be traced through the prism of perception of novel by F.M. Dostoevsky The Devils: each new stage of Soviet history corresponds to its own attitude to this most polemical and politicized novel by Dostoevsky. Similarly, the history of Soviet culture and ideology in the pre-war 1920s and 1930s – from relative pluralism (within Marxist limits and frameworks, of course) to the rigid and monologue Stalinist canon – can be traced by this criterion. In the 1920s, there was still a relatively free discussion of literary critics and historians regarding various aspects of this novel. In this sense, we can note the discussion between V.P. Polonsky and L.P. Grossman, statements about the novel by the first People’s Commissar of Education A.V. Lunacharsky and one of the founders of Soviet literary criticism V.F. Pere­verzev. The latter in the article Dostoevsky and the Revolution emphasizes the revolutionary component of Dostoevsky’s work, when he almost seems to be taken as an ally of the revolution. Moreover, this is done on a very controversial basis – on the material of his anti-revolutionary and anti-nihilistic novel The Devils. In this context, Pereverzev overestimates even the figure of Pyotr Verkhovensky, comprehending his image partly in a positive way. Also, Pere­verzev’s article Dostoevsky and the Revolution, among other things, is also inter­esting because it is one of the expressive examples of some general trend of the first post-revolutionary years, consisting in attempts to re-evaluate the im­age of S.G. Nechaev in a positive way as a true revolutionary and even the pre­decessor of the Bolsheviks.

Процедурно-процессуальный правовой механизм охраны и защиты трудовых прав в Российской Федерации

Introduction. In the article, the protection of labor rights is considered as fundamental categorie of legal science. The most appropriate labor-legal procedural legal mechanism is proposed. Purpose. Develop a concept for the protection of the labor rights of subjects in modern conditions of differentiation of the labor sphere, the introduction of new forms of employment and organization of labor using digital and online technologies. Methodology. Methods of analysis, synthesis, formal-legal, comparative-historical and comparative-legal, method of interpretation of legal acts are used. Results. Based on the study of the regulatory framework and the works of lawyers, it was concluded that labor protection form independent institution of the branch of labor law, which in itself is law enforcement and human rights. The judicial procedure for the protection of labor rights is established only for individual labor disputes on the application of existing legal norms (disputes about the law). For collective labor disputes, which are disputes on the establishment of new working conditions (disputes of interest), the legislation provides for an exclusively out-of-court settlement procedure. Differentiation of the legal regulation of labor relations is fully characteristic of the protection of labor rights. The sectoral system of protection of labor rights created in Russia is procedural and Judicial procedural which was noted by Professor V.N. Skobelkin, whose theory of the plurality of labor relations allows the withdrawal of procedural and Judicial procedural norms and the formation of a new branch of them - labor procedural law. Conclusion. The growth in the number of norms of labor law and employment law and their deep differentiation allows in modern conditions to return to the discussion about the formation of an independent branch of labor procedural law.

Предмет трудового права в постиндустриальном информационном обществе и доктрина трудовых правоотношений

Introduction. An overview of the main reports read at the round table “The subject of labor law in the post-industrial information society and the doctrine of labor relations” held on February 17, 2022 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences is presented. Purpose. The author's purpose is to indicate the main directions of transformation of the subject of labor law and fundamental scientific research in this area in order to create a comfortable legal environment for the global technological leadership of the Russian Federation in the post-industrial information society; adapt the theory of the plurality of labor relations by V.N. Skobelkin to new forms of labor organization in the context of expanding the scope of labor law and deepening the differentiation of its norms, and outline the main directions for improving the legislation on employment.

Decolonizing Authority: The Conflict on Wet'suwet’en Territory

AbstractOne of the leading features of colonialism is the imposition on a given territory and people a framework for what constitutes authority that renders pre-existing governing practices and legal orders unrecognizable as features of legitimate law and governance. Understood in this way, colonialism renders Indigenous law and governing practices invisible. As a result, decolonization requires changing how authority is apprehended and not only how it is distributed. This article compares two frameworks of authority in relation to the conflict on Wet'suwet’en territory: liberal postcolonial statism and relational pluralism. It shows how each framework provides a distinct lens through which to understand the pertinent features of political authority but argues that relational pluralism presents a better account of how to reconceive political authority in the context of real-world conflict.

PROBLEMS OF SEXUAL SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE LIGHT OF “STANDARDS OF SEXUAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE”

In the late 20-th – early 21-st centuries in society under the influence of globalization and informatization there were dramatic changes in the field of sexual values of domestic youth: pluralism and tolerance in relation to sexual life; autonomization of adolescent and youthful sexuality from external forms of control; commercialization of sex (prostitution, pornography, eroticization of advertising, etc.); rehabilitation of unproductive forms of sexuality; legalization of same-sex love; etc. There was a need to radically improve the theoretical and practical solution to the problems of sexual socialization. The first step towards the implementation of this goal was the adoption by the European Union in 2010 of the “Standards of Sexual Education in Europe”, which marked the beginning of the creation of a regulatory framework for sexual socialization of pupils and was to promote a holistic system of sexual education and provide children and young people with objective, scientifically reliable information about all aspects of sexuality.
 The aim of the article: Based on the analysis of “Standards of Sexual Education in Europe” to prove the need and relevance of the introduction in educational institutions of Ukraine sexual socialization of the school children, to indicate the main steps in the implementation of the best foreign experience in light of the recommendations of this document. The article points out the Standards’ emphasis on the mistakes of traditional sexual socialization, which tried to misgive the youth associative relationship between sex and danger, focusing on the potential risks of sexuality. The article on a large array of research material shows the low level of sexual education and sexual culture of Ukrainian schoolchildren, noted factors that hinder the introduction of sexual education courses recommended by WHO for all European countries.
 The article on the experience of educational systems of the European Union emphasizes the positive aspects of the introduction of systematic courses of sexual education into the domestic education system. A detailed study of the “Standards of Sexual Education in Europe” and the study of the staging of sexual socialization in foreign countries gave the authors the opportunity to justify the need to use a number of elements of foreign experience in Ukraine. The article defines criteria for assessing the successful implementation of sexual socialization: sexual issues are considered and discussed openly as a positive, integrative part of health; sexual education programs must be adapted to the specific needs and realities of the respective country; there is state support for measures on sexual socialization; sexual socialization takes into account the gender aspect; mandatory linkage of sexual socialization to premarital training of schoolchildren and responsible parenthood; partnership of schools and families, government and non-governmental organizations, various consulting centers in solving the problems of sexual socialization of schoolchildren, etc.

Rurality as context for innovative responses to social challenges – The role of rural social enterprises

Rural social enterprises are increasingly recognized as organisations that contribute to local development by providing goods and/or services to meet community needs and by fostering inclusive social and governance relations. The purpose of this paper is to explore how rural social enterprises engage in a plurality of socio-economic relations with different dimensions of their ‘place’ when contributing to the development of their localities. Based on three in-depth case studies of social enterprises operating in rural Ireland, our findings illustrate how rural social enterprises engage with locational, institutional, material and identity aspects of their ‘place’, which indicates their ‘placial embeddedness’. Moreover, our findings also demonstrate how these organisations engage in, and combine market, redistribution and reciprocity relations, which indicates their ‘substantive hybridity’. Based on the interrelated nature of these findings, we argue that it is through a process of placial substantive hybridity that rural social enterprises foster social innovation in order to contribute to an integrated development of their localities. They harness and (re)valorise (untapped) local resources while complementing these with other resources from extra-local sources and accommodate and/or respond to structural-exogenous forces based on the needs of their local population in line with neo-endogenous rural development.

HISTORICAL FUTURES

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the agenda of a collective research project that aims to explore modalities of historical futures that constitute our current historical condition. To present the collective work adequately, we have teamed up with History and Theory and initiated a long‐term serial publishing experiment. In the coming years, each issue of the journal will feature contributions to this research endeavor. In our project‐opening piece, we briefly introduce the experiment and the premises of the collective research agenda. We begin by recounting the many ways in which increasingly towering novel future prospects have begun to capture the scholarly world's attention across disciplinary boundaries. We then introduce the notion of historical futures. Crediting theoretical inspirations and paying intellectual debts to conceptual relatives, we define “historical futures” as the plurality of transitional relations between apprehensions of the past and anticipated futures. At the core of the article, we formulate our call for a collective investigation of modalities of historical futures and sketch three basic sets of concerns that the explorative works in this experiment may address: kinds of transitions from past to futures, kinds of anticipatory practices, and kinds of registers as interpretive tools that position such practices on a variety of spectrums between two poles (for instance, a value register with the poles of catastrophic and redemptive futures). Finally, we close with a brief note about the necessity of collective endeavors.

Contemporary Christianity: Interconfessional and Intercultural Challenges. Parish Ministry and Religious Pluralism

This reflection is based on 10 years’ experience of parish ministry in the Church of Scotland. While offering a territorial ministry – even in overseas former missionary churches – I became deeply aware of religious pluralism in each parish. I explored this religious pluralism in relation to Jewish and Muslim communities living in the parishes that I served. In particular, in dialogue and sharing with imams and rabbis, we explored interconfessional and intercultural challenges of living together and worshiping together. I have invited rabbis and imams to ‘preach’ during public worship; likewise, I have been invited to offer reflections in synagogues and mosques during times of ‘holy prayer’. This reflection documents the interconfessional and intercultural challenges of parish ministry and religious pluralism.

The influence of relational pluralism in developing collective corporate social responsibility strategies

PurposeA literature gap has triggered a discussion on the influence of relational pluralism in the adoption of new practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Based on this literature, this paper aims to understand how relational pluralism influences small companies in the development of their collective CSR strategies.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the case of a Brazilian hotel network called Charm Routes, which comprises 66 members. The study adopted a qualitative approach based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA).FindingsThe results show that relational pluralism influences small companies in their collective CSR strategies. This is especially because of the relationships among different actors within the network.Research limitations/implicationsQCA does not explain the correlation between variables, but rather the logical relations among them. The adoption of multivariate techniques is suggested for future studies to evaluate the correlations among the variables and not only the possible causal conditions.Practical implicationsThe results bring added clarity to the collective CSR strategies of networks composed of small companies.Social implicationsThe findings may be of use to networks of small companies working collectively to develop initiatives aimed at providing social and environmental benefits.Originality/valueInstead of a framework, the study generated the expression RPN*(INT+LON) → CSR_CS. This means that relational pluralism within the network, enhanced by the intensity and the longevity of the relationship, influences small companies in the development of their collective CSR strategies.

El cosmopolitismo urbano: la ciudad ante el orden postliberal

El artículo estudia la sucesión de cambios en la estructura política internacional ante la reconfiguración de las fuentes de poder. Establece tres vertientes en las bases teóricas del cosmopolitismo urbano. La primera indica cuáles deberían ser los fundamentos de una elaboración teórica. La ciudad internacional contribuye a la reconfiguración de la estructura y el ejercicio del poder interestatal ocupando o creando nuevos espacios que contribuyen a la pluralidad de las Relaciones Internacionales. El segundo aspecto que se analiza es el crecimiento de la ciudad como unidad de medida en la economía global. Los flujos de capital circulan y operan sobre una base local con destinos globales. Son las ciudades y sus extensiones metropolitanas quienes se benefician del sistema económico. Aparecen grandes bolsas de desigualdad interna y, sobre todo, con una ruptura entre ciudades dentro y fuera del orden económico, incluyendo aquí la desigualdad relacional que se genera en los territorios menos poblados. Por último, se incide en la razón antropocénica, esto es, el impacto de la acción humana en las condiciones naturales y sus consecuencias en el orden mundial. El cambio climático cambia el sustrato principal de las Relaciones Internacionales, que es el medio físico y la geografía. Sobre estas dos dimensiones tangibles, se ordenan las bases del poder y la teoría básica de los estudios internacionales. Al cambiar el tablero estratégico, la ciudad conquista posiciones de poder no coercitivo, lo que facilita la colaboración mediante redes y estructuras. El aspecto militar y de seguridad no es relevante para la diplomacia urbana, que se centra en aspectos de poder económico y social. Los resultados indican que el nuevo cosmopolitismo tiene bases urbanas y ofrece un marco de interpretación de las tensiones entre centro y periferia de la acción exterior, la globalización económica y las nuevas políticas públicas en la lucha contra el cambio climático. El cosmopolitismo urbano emerge como referencia teórica en el orden postliberal.

Socially Connected Supply Chains

Network literature has widely documented that the managerial ties between upper echelons in two firms can promote their economic exchanges and vice versa, thus fostering the pluralistic relationships between the two firms. In this study, we strive to advance this line of inquiry by exploring the potential dissolution of such relational pluralism, examining whether and when the dissolution of managerial ties between two firms would cause the subsequent dissolution of their economic exchanges. We address this question by highlighting the implications of an important yet understudied issue - the origin of relational pluralism. That is, we distinguish two types of pluralistic relationships based on their different origins: socially originated pluralistic relationships (SOPRs) versus economically originated pluralistic relationships (EOPRs). We posit that the managerial tie dissolution has only a negligible effect on the subsequent dissolution of economic exchanges in SOPRs. In contrast, in EOPRs, the dissolution of managerial ties between two firms would significantly increase the likelihood for their economic exchanges to dissolve afterward. Using a nuanced field dataset that integrates the managerial tie information from BoardEx and the supply chain data from FactSet Revere, we find strong empirical evidence for the above propositions. In sum, we show that pluralistic relationships with different origins (“doing business with friends” versus “making friends in business”) would have distinct patterns of evolution and dissolution.

It’s My Generation, Baby! How Different Are (New) Parties in Slovakia in Terms of Descriptive Representation?

Party systems all over Europe are becoming more unstable, as new parties win representation. Many of these parties have few members and little or no presence ‘on the ground’ and they tend to present themselves as an alternative to the old, corrupt, and/or incompetent elites. But are they really? In this article I investigate how the parliamentary elites of new parties differ from the elites of more established parties, using the 2020 election as a point of departure. Slovakia is a particularly interesting case, because since 1992, at least one new party has entered parliament in every election bar one. I find that new and/or populist parties are not necessarily much more representative, but most of them do represent an alternative to the established elite in some respect. Strikingly, genuinely new parties not only have younger legislators, but also literally represent a new generation: the generation of the party leader. However, as new parties grow older, so do their parliamentary elites. In leadership-dominated parties the composition of the party leader’s inner circle clearly matters for candidate selection and hence, for the social bias of the parliamentary elite. Finally, the idiosyncratic nomination practice of OĽaNO, the new prime minister’s party, is part of the reason for the party’s relative social pluralism, as well as for high turnover, ideological diversity and low party loyalty.