Land Plots Research Articles

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА САМОРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

An analysis of the licensing institute and the institute of self-regulation was carried out in the period from 2001 to 2022. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the tasks laid down in the institution of self-regulation were not fulfilled, as evidenced by negative trends in the risk of injury in construction, an increase in transformation and, presumably, transaction costs in comparison with the licensing institution and other indicators. The intensification of the increase in institutional rent of organizations in the housing construction market through the consolidation of land plots has been revealed. Practical recommendations aimed at institutional transformations of self-regulation in Russian construction have been put forward.

A methodology for feasibility analyses of district heating networks: A case study applied to greenhouse crops

In this article, the preliminary routing, sizing, and cost structure of a heat network that supplies energy, in an agrarian district, to greenhouses located around a cogeneration plant in the municipality of El Ejido (Almería) is presented. A genetic algorithm is employed to select a set of points of consumption (plots of land)–which indirectly determine the network routing over the road network–resulting in a project with a better net present value. To obtain the routing, the Steiner tree problem is solved through an approximation that involves several algorithms derived from graph theory and the use of georeferenced information. The design is constrained to ensure technical feasibility, so that the available thermal power from the plant, averaged for hourly periods over a year, is greater than the demand from the greenhouses. The said demand is calculated through an empty-greenhouse climate model, considering temperature setpoints compatible with the most common crops in the region. According to the results, a network of total length equal to 1.3464 km and an average pipe diameter of 0.1532 m would be required to annually supply 8621.4 MWh of heat to 12 points of consumption. The net present value of the project would be 6 417 900 €, considering a 3% discount rate and useful life of 30 years, with an initial investment cost of 1 723 300 € and an annual operation cost of 15 800 €year−1. A sensibility analysis of the variables with greater economic impact is also presented.

ВІДМІННІСТЬ ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ НЕМАТЕРІАЛЬНИХ АКТИВІВ У ФІНАНСОВІЙ ЗВІТНОСТІ ЗА ФОРМАМИ МСФЗ ТА НП(С)БО НА ПРИКЛАДІ АГРАРНИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ

Introduction. Over the past ten years, significant changes and improvements have taken place in accounting and auditing, both in legislation and requirements for accounting and auditing. In particular, large enterprises should keep records under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and ideally reflect their performance in financial statements under IFRS forms. On the Balance Sheet of agricultural formations, one of the main assets is land, but since most enterprises rent it, there is a right to use land plots, which is an intangible asset. It is important for users of financial statements, who are interested in information in the field of land relations, to correctly understand the reflected names of articles and financial indicators in reporting. Problem Statement. Intangible assets are divided into different types and groups, but in the financial statements according to NAS for them there is only one article with the general title “Intangible assets.” In accordance with the requirements of IFRS, an entity has the possibility to divide types or groups of intangible assets into separate items. However, in Ukraine there is a problem of imperfection of financial reporting forms under IFRS, which requires in-depth study and wider disclosure of financial reporting items, including intangible assets. The purpose of the article is to distinguish differences between the reflection of financial indicators on intangible assets in the reporting forms under NAS and IFRS in agricultural formations and outline for users of financial statements advantages and disadvantages. Methods. General scientific methods of cognition and the study of phenomena and processes were used; statistical and economic methods of analysis - when summarizing and presenting information on financial indicators of intangible assets in reporting; comparison - when intangible assets are reflected in the financial statements under NAS and IFRS. Results. The article reflects the stages of formation of IFRS in Ukraine, focuses on the reflection of financial indicators in the NAS and IFRS reporting forms on the example of agricultural formations, their advantages and disadvantages, and characterizes the types of intangible assets. Conclusions. In the process of the research , the opinion was formed that the reflection of intangible assets under IFRS reporting is more detailed and informative than under NAS reporting.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ИНЖЕНЕРНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ МАЛОЭТАЖНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

The article touches upon the urgent issue of the need to develop a segment of low-rise housing construction. The indicators of apartment prices in St. Petersburg and Moscow over the past year are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the low level of housing affordability in cities for citizens at the present stage. One of the key barriers to the development of the potential of the low-rise housing construction market, namely the acute shortage of engineering-prepared land plots for construction, is considered. The values of indicators characterizing the state of engineering networks in rural areas are presented. The author's organizational and economic mechanism for the development of a system for providing engineering infrastructure for land plots has been developed. The presented mechanism consists of four stages: planning, organization, control, monitoring, and is also structured according to the priority of sites and methods of financing.

CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL APPARATUS OF LAND USE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

It is worth considering that the conceptual and terminological apparatus is an integral part of any scientific field. However, in the context of land use at the local level, especially when considering problems that intersect geography, earth sciences, ecology, agriculture, economics, jurisprudence and other related fields, the relevance of the issue of conceptual and terminological apparatus becomes very obvious. The peculiarity of this field is that its research has a direct applied nature, which requires a deep understanding and definition of certain scientific concepts. The set of these scientific concepts constitutes the conceptual and terminological apparatus that defines the structure and language for further research in the field of land use. In our scientific study, we highlighted the main approaches to defining the category “land relations”. These approaches are primarily, as is known, based on three key terms: ownership, use and disposal of land plots. However, an important concept in our study of the field of land use is the very concept of “land”, which, together with its derivatives, such as “land relations”, “land resources”, “land management”, “land management”, “land use”, “paradigm of land management”, forms a complex conceptual and terminological apparatus, which is currently in an active process of formation. The results of our study of the essence of the conceptual and terminological apparatus related to “land relations” provide grounds for the assertion that land relations have an objective nature and are a socio-economic and ecological process of ownership, use and disposal, which determines the novelty and relevance of our research.

Acquisition of land ownership rights by foreign persons according to the laws of Ukraine and Canada

The article conducts a comparative legal study of the specifics of acquisition and exercise of land ownership by foreigners, stateless persons and foreign legal entities under the legislation of Ukraine and Canada, as a result of which the Canadian experience of legal regulation in the specified area, which is most acceptable for Ukraine, is substantiated. It has been established that in the science of land law of Ukraine, one of the most controversial issues is the possibility, scope, conditions and grounds of granting land ownership rights to foreigners, stateless persons, and foreign legal entities, especially considering the provisions of Art. 13 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which declares all land to be the property of the Ukrainian people. This issue has not been resolved definitively in the land legislation, as access of foreign persons to ownership of agricultural land can be granted only after a positive decision of the All-Ukrainian referendum. The conducted research showed that Canadian legislation provides for the possibility of establishing restrictions on the acquisition of land ownership by foreign entities both at the federal level (a two-year restriction on the purchase of residential real estate, including vacant land plots intended for residential development), and at the level of individual provinces and territories. At the level of the provinces and territories, there are different legal models for restricting the access of foreign persons to the right to ownership of land, primarily for agricultural purposes. There are no legal restrictions on the acquisition of the right to ownership of land by foreign persons in British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. At the same time, in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Quebec, the access of foreigners to land ownership is significantly limited, in particular, by establishing the maximum size of land plots that they can acquire on ownership. The article claims that the establishment of restrictions in Canadian legislation on the acquisition of ownership rights to land, primarily for agricultural purposes, is conditioned by the need to ensure priority access to the lands of Canadian citizens and Canadian corporations, which can be a reference point for the settlement of these issues in Ukrainian land law. Canadian legislation, both at the federal level and at the level of individual provinces and territories, provides effective mechanisms of legal responsibility in the event of violation of legal restrictions on foreign persons' access to land ownership, which should be provided for in Ukrainian legislation.

Some issues of ensuring the restoration of land in the conditions of the development of market relations

The article is devoted to topical issues of ensuring the restoration of land in the conditions of the development of market relations. The legislative support for the formation and development of the agricultural land market has been studied. Negative processes are analyzed in detail regarding the current state of lands, the most threatening characteristics of which are their degradation and desertification, and the reasons for the rapid deterioration of their condition in recent years. It is emphasized that the formation of the land market consists of two elements: the land market for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes. The concepts of "land turnover^ and "land marketn are defined. It is noted that the conversion of land plots is carried out both in the conditions of the establishment and development of market relations, and in the conditions of the absence of a land market. The problem of preserving the quality of land, soil fertility, their protection and timely restoration in the conditions of change of owners and tenants of agricultural lands in the conditions of the development of market relations is investigated. Scientific works of scientists on the solution of the specified problem are cited. The influence of the qualitative state of land on the value of land plots and the peculiarities of determining their normative and expert monetary assessment are analyzed. Attention is focused on recording the state of land in the relevant documentation. Attention is drawn to the legal consequences of accidental destruction or damage to the rental object by the user. The shortcomings of the legal provision of obligations of owners and users of land plots to restore soil fertility, as well as other useful properties of the land, are investigated. It is noted that failure by a land user, in particular a tenant, to fulfill its obligations to restore the quality of land is grounds for the compulsory termination of its rights to a land plot. Suggested ways of improving legislation in the specified area. Proposals have been made to establish the quality of the land plot at the time of its alienation. Attention is focused on ensuring effective state control over the timely restoration of land.

Certain aspects of state registration of the right to permanent use of a land plot

The article is devoted to the study of the state of legal regulation of the right to permanent use of a land plot in Ukraine. The author focuses on the changes in the legal regulation of land relations as a result of land privatization, which, accordingly, affected the change in the essence of the right of permanent land use. Legislative attempts to force the subjects of the right of permanent use of land plots to re-register have led to a decrease in the number of objects of such a right. At the legislative level, the subject composition of this right has been repeatedly changed. However, this right exists and is likely to continue to exist, creating certain problems for the legislator who will try to regulate these issues and law enforcement agencies. The article provides a systematic analysis of the right of permanent use of land plots, identifies the mechanisms for exercising the right of permanent use and establishes the ways of efficient use of land in permanent use by various entities. Changes in the legal regulation of the institution of the right of permanent use of land plots are expected to increase budget revenues. They will promote transparency of land relations through the conclusion of land sublease agreements, prevent corruption in the land sector, and help determine the legal fate of the right of permanent use of persons who are not included in the list of entities that may acquire the right of permanent use of land from state and municipal property in Article 92 of the Land Code. At the same time, the gaps in the legislation require further scientific research with the formulation of proposals for improving the land legislation of Ukraine.

Dynamics of legal regulation of exemptions in the payment and calculation of land fees in the conditions of martial law on the basis of judicial practice

The relevance of the research topic is stipulated by the new challenges faced by our country in connection with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the need to adapt the legal regulation of land payment in terms of its calculation and payment during the period of martial law. The purpose of the article is to trace the dynamics of legal regulation of land payment during martial law, and to review the current case law of both national courts regarding the resolution of disputes on the cancellation of a tax assessment notice and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in terms of determining the conceptual foundations for the construction of legal provisions. The study of the issue of payment and accrual of land payment is of both applied and theoretical nature, since violation of the means and rules of rule-making technique leads to tax disputes. The analysis of legal constructions of the Tax Code of Ukraine and other regulatory legal acts made it possible to identify problems in the regulation of land payment, which consist in violation of the rule of law principle provided for by the Constitution of Ukraine. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine has defined the principles of legal certainty and legal predictability as components of the rule of law. The inconsistency of the provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine and bylaws has led to a dual interpretation of their rights and obligations by taxpayers and controlling authorities. The author analyzes the positions of the controlling authorities in terms of amendments to the regulation of the calculation and payment of tax liabilities for taxation of land plots located in the temporarily occupied territories or in the territories where military operations are (were) conducted.

Gender gaps in the adoption of climate‐smart agricultural practices: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa

AbstractIn this paper we examine whether there are significant gender differences in the adoption of climate‐smart agricultural (CSA) practices in sub‐Saharan Africa. Using individual‐level data from four sites in Kenya, Uganda and Senegal, our empirical analysis provides robust evidence that men have a higher likelihood of adopting high‐return CSA practices including modern chemical fertiliser, improved high‐yielding varieties and drought/pest tolerant livestock practices. In contrast, women tend to have a higher likelihood of adopting low‐risk and low‐return traditional CSA practices such as water harvesting, crop covering, rangeland management and pest management. Our subsample analysis shows significant heterogeneity in the gender gap across countries. The results of the decomposition of the observed gender gap show that personal values and norms, access to weather and production information and farm characteristics are important factors that explain the gender differential in the likelihood of CSA adoption. Our findings imply that equalising access to key resources such as plots of land, information and decision making power will be crucial to close the gender gap in the adoption of CSA practices. This is particularly important given the differential impacts of climate change between men and women in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Legal terminology in environmental and land law: theoretical-legal analysis

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law and proves the feasibility of its improvement in connection with the adaptation of the norms of national law to the law of the European Union. The article states that today in Ukraine there is significant environmental pollution, climate change, land deterioration, which significantly worsened in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation and caused a particularly dangerous ecological situation in the country. The article proves that the implementation of the principles of the right of citizens to a safe environment, ensuring human safety, protection and rational use of land, forest, water and subsoil resources is not possible without a clear definition of legal prescriptions enshrined in the law. The article states that one of the important aspects of the language of law is legal terminology, which makes it possible to formulate the content of a legal document. The article defines the concepts of “terminology”, “terminology”, “legal terminology”. It is noted that it is not appropriate to equate the concepts of “terminology” and “terminological system”. It has been investigated that despite the presence of established terminology in environmental law, the presence of terms in need of improvement is observed in this field, namely: “ecological law” and “environmental law”. It has been proved that for the purpose of further codification of environmental law, it seems appropriate to use the term “environmental law” as an established term of EU legislation. It has been analyzed that today the language of the law in the field of land relations is gaining importance, which is due to the formation of the land market in Ukraine and the need to adapt the norms of land law to EU law. It is noted that in land law there is a problem of identifying the terms: “land”, “land plot”. It was noted that the legal terms related to the formation of the land market in Ukraine need improvement and detailing. It was concluded that legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the important aspects of the development of the language of law. The issue of improving legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the necessary steps that will contribute to the unification and harmonization of the legal norms of the specified fields in the context of adapting the norms of national law to EU law.

Prospects for the use of moisture-temperature UAV metrics to assess the state of land-use territories in planning and conducting spring field work

In the Central region of the Russian Federation, the favorable period for spring field work is short, but extremely important for obtaining the planned harvest. The possibility of tillage is mainly determined by its humidity after snowmelt. For the preparation and adjustment of plans for mechanized work, operational georeferenced information on the hydrological state of the soil in the land-use area is necessary, for which moisture-temperature UAV-metry can be used. Purpose – to evaluate the possibility of using the data obtained by multisensory UAV-s during the survey of agricultural landscapes to identify economically significant hydrological heterogeneity of territories. Agricultural landscapes in the Yuriev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region on gray forest loams and in the Shatura district of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic and podzolic sandy soils were examined. Their significant hydrological heterogeneity has been revealed, including local waterlogged areas with different causes of water stagnation. It is established that the dynamics of the hydrology of fields and the network of country roads are closely related. The use of UAV sensing data will help to eliminate the problem of difficult passage to the fields by carrying out appropriate measures and establishing the correct order of processing of land plots. To obtain the necessary information by agricultural enterprises, interdepartmental cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Ecology, the Ministry of Forestry, AVTODOR, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Energy Networks, as well as the use of the “Digital Earth system” is promising. The inclusion of moisture-temperature UAV-s in the production system – a plan for the preparation and conduct of spring field work, opens up new opportunities for their high-quality performance due to the timely identification of risk areas and appropriate adjustments. The priority object of the development application at the first stage should be considered roads – a key factor for rural areas.

The impact of continuous cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and fruiting body metabolites

To explore the impacts of continuous Ganoderma lucidum cultivation on soil physicochemical factors, soil enzyme activity, and the metabolome of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, this study conducted two consecutive years of cultivation on the same plot of land. Soil physicochemical factors and enzyme activity were assessed, alongside non-targeted metabolomic analysis of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies under continuous cultivation. The findings unveiled that in the surface soil layer (0–15 cm), there was a declining trend in organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase, whereas nitrate nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC), and salt content exhibited an upward trend. Conversely, in the deeper soil layer (15–30 cm), organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase demonstrated a decreasing trend, while nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, pH, EC, salt content, polyphenol oxidase, and soil peroxidase showed an increasing trend. Metabolomic analysis of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies distinguished 64 significantly different metabolites between the GCK and GT groups, with 39 components having markedly higher relative contents in GCK and 25 components having significantly lower relative contents in GCK compared to GT. Moreover, among these metabolites, there were more types with higher contents in the fruiting bodies harvested in the first year (GCK) compared to those harvested in the second year (GT), with pronounced differences. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that GCK exhibited more complex metabolic pathways compared to GT. The metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies were predominantly influenced by soil physicochemical factors and soil enzyme activity. In the surface soil layer (0–15 cm), the metabolome was significantly affected by soil pH, soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and soil alkaline phosphatase, while in the deeper soil layer (15–30 cm), differences in the Ganoderma lucidum metabolome were more influenced by soil alkaline phosphatase, soil catalase, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and soil sucrase.

‘Women stay behind and grow the food’: Agricultural productivity and the interstices of petty commodity production and reproductive labour in Tanzania

AbstractInspired by the work of Carmen Diana Deere, this paper examines how an analysis of the work of rural production, even when gendered, is compromised if it does not incorporate reproductive labour. The paper presents estimates of the gender yield gap in agricultural crop productivity in Tanzania, along with the statistical causes of the gender yield gap, in order to demonstrate what is and why it matters. The paper then shows that the gender yield gap cannot be understood without interrogating how the reproductive labour of unpaid care and domestic work limits the time for productive activities available to women who have day‐to‐day decision‐making managerial control over plots of land. In this light, the paper suggests a way of rethinking the basic analytical frameworks of agrarian political economy in ways that are consistent with and incorporate the theoretical insights of Carmen Diana Deere. The implications of the analysis are stark: it should not be assumed that all members of an agrarian household share an identical class location, as remains far too often the default assumption in agrarian political economy.

Правовые способы обеспечения прав недропользователей на землю: проблемы современной практики

The article analyses the regulation of the rights of subsoil users to use land plots, identifies problems arising from the seizure of land for the use of subsoil, and considers the prospects for improving legislation designed to ensure the subsoil user’s access to the corresponding land plot. It is noted that in practice there are unresolved issues related to the registration of land by subsoil users, compliance with the guarantees of the rights of other persons when granting or withdrawing land plots for state or municipal needs, in territorial planning. It is proposed to clarify the content of the rights of management bodies in the studied area, including in the implementation of territorial planning, taking into account the proposed subsoil use.

Оформление прав на публичные земельные участки для целей разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых: практические аспекты

The author comes to the conclusion that current problems associated with the registration of rights to a land plot are largely provoked by conflict of laws rules or gaps in the legislation. We are talking, first of all, about determining the spatial boundaries of a land plot that a subsoil user can lease without bidding, as well as about transferring an agricultural land plot into industrial land. In the latter case, difficulties arise due to the wording of the Law “On Transfer” regarding references to town-planning documents, as well as the need to provide a reclamation project. The article highlights the changing approach of judicial practice to the interpretation of the term “exclusive right” and the negative consequences of the lack of support from Rosnedra when registering rights to a land plot.

Участок недр: особая недвижимая вещь или исключенный из оборота объект публичной собственности?

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the legal status of a subsoil plot under the current legislation of Russia and possible directions for its development. It is noted that the post-Soviet legal fate of land plots and subsoil plots developed differently, while the current legal status of subsoil plots is not much different from the rules of the Soviet period. The main contradiction of the current legal regulation is the classification of subsoil plots as objects completely excluded from circulation, with the simultaneous recognition of them as immovable things on the basis that they meet the criteria of real estate — they are characterised by an unchanging position in space and are objects of state property. The issue of formulating the definition of a subsoil plot as an immovable property is being considered, and the relationship in this regard between the license data and the mining allotment act is determined. The criteria for delimiting a land plot and a subsoil plot, the legal regime of minerals and underground structures are determined, and the essence of the right of the owner of a land plot to use the subsoil under this plot is established. Proposals to supplement civil legislation with norms defining a subsoil plot and its legal regime are critically analysed, as a result of which the author comes to the conclusion that the optimal solution would be to remove subsoil plots from the list of immovable things, considering them as things subject exclusively to public law regulation (public things). Only the abolition of exclusive state ownership of subsoil plots would make it necessary to extend the immovable property regime to them, for which they would need to be returned to the list found in Art. 130 of the Russian Civil Code.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ РЕСУРСІВ

Improving state regulation of the rational use of land resources is an important aspect of the sustainable development of Ukraine's economy. This includes optimizing legal and organizational mechanisms aimed at ensuring effective management of land resources, preserving soil fertility, and protecting the environment. Given the relevance of these issues, it is necessary to develop and implement innovative approaches to land resource management that take into account modern challenges and trends. The main directions for improving regulation include creating transparent procedures in the field of land relations, particularly during the transfer of land ownership or lease. An importantstep is the implementation of electronic services that will simplify and accelerate administrative processes, ensure accessibility of information about land plots and their legal status. This approach will contribute to increasing trust in government authorities and reducing corruption risks. Rational use of land resources also involves the implementation of environmentally balanced farming methods that minimize negative impacts on the environment. This includes the application of modern agro-technologies, organic farming, and soil condition monitoring systems. Government programs to support farmers and agricultural producers in implementing such methods should become an important component of state policy in the agricultural sector. Moreover, it is necessary to strengthen the control over the use of land resources by state bodies and the public. This can be achieved through the creation of effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for the condition of land, as well as through the active participation of public organizations in the decision-making processes regarding land resource management. Information and awareness campaigns for the population about the importance of

Население Каргопольского уезда в начале XVIII в. (по переписной книге города Каргополя и уезда 1712–1713 гг.)

Introduction. The article examines the population of the Kargopolsky Uyezd (the Onega River basin) at the beginning of the 18th century (numbers, social structure, population migrations, and marital relations). Methods and materials. Methods of historical research are used: analysis, synthesis. The source base consisted of census books. Analysis. At the beginning of the 18th century, the population of 25 volosts and the Oshevenskaya settlement of the Kargopolsky Uyezd consisted of 95% of tax-paying peasants and only 5% of other categories of the population (the clergy of a parish, beggars, sharecroppers, batches, farmsteaders, and Cossacks). A large number of monasteries (11 monasteries and pustyns) and the presence of a city with a townsman population – owners of land plots in the county – led to the formation of large and medium-sized landowners represented by individual monasteries and townspeople. In turn, this created a need for labor. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that the existing structure of land ownership was the reason for the activity of migration processes. There are a significant number of newcomers in the monastery and township courtyards; these were mainly immigrants from the Olonetsky Uyezd. Marriage ties were between representatives of neighboring volosts, often within the same volost and village.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMEGANG SERTITIKAT HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH TERHADAP PEMBATALAN SERTIFIKAT TANAH (CONTOH PUTUSAN: NOMOR 10 PK/TUN/2020.)

To find out "legal protection in the case of issuing a land certificate on another party's land, it must fulfill the requirements stipulated in the law and to know the legal consequences for the owner of land rights if there is a land certificate that has been issued by another party. In essence, there is a dispute between the parties regarding the object, namely the land plot. In this type of research, it is normative, namely legal research carried out by examining library materials or secondary materials with the approach used in this research being the statutory approach and the case approach method used in this research because it is the most appropriate approach method in solving legal issues. which is being studied." This dispute can be resolved through non-litigation or litigation.