Plot Patterns Research Articles

Manchester antislavery, 1792–1807

ABSTRACTThis article examines the actions of Mancunians who either supported or opposed abolitionism between the years 1792 and 1807. A central part of this article is an exploration of the individual signatories (and associated addresses and businesses) who attached their names to the Manchester pro- and antislavery petitions of 1806. This is achieved by using historical geographic information systems (GIS) to understand and plot patterns of opposing ideologies throughout the city in order to present the idea that the ideology expanded beyond social clubs, parlours, and published materials. The notion that two opposing sides of the slavery debate often occupied the same space is investigated. Such an approach will offer a hitherto overlooked aspect of slavery and abolition in Manchester.

Attack Rate-Patient Number Plot for Analysis of Food Poisoning Caused by Microbes and Plant or Animal Toxins.

The number of food consumers (eaters) and patients per outbreak followed a log-normal distribution in food poisoning caused by microbes. In contrast, it followed a scale-free distribution in food poisoning caused by plant or animal toxins. Attack rates of the individual outbreaks were distributed continuously and almost linearly from ＞ 0 to 1 for all the food poisoning cases, i.e., they could not be represented by median and standard deviation. For simultaneous monitoring of the number of patients and the attack rate in individual outbreaks, the number of patients was plotted on the x-axis in the logarithmic scale against the attack rate on the y-axis in the normal scale. This led to the formation of plots characterized by repeating arcs, assuming the shape of a butterfly with extended wings when viewed from above, which was called "backbone configuration." The butterfly-shaped plot patterns were generally stable over time, although it varied depending on the pathogens, implicated facilities and their combinations. The backbone configuration was reproduced assuming that the number of patients per outbreak was distributed continuously from 1 to the number of eaters per outbreak.

Utility of cell population data (VCS parameters) as a rapid screening tool for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in resource-constrained laboratories.

Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, many cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain underdiagnosed in remote centers unequipped with these technologies. We hypothesized that the automated cellular indices with scatter plots and flags may aid in rapid and cost-effective screening of AML. Cell population data (CPD) parameters from 100 de novo AML samples were analyzed by Coulter LH 780 automated analyzer and were compared with 100 age-matched controls. Similar parameters were also compared with 100 and 50 reactive cases of neutrophilia and monocytosis, respectively. System-generated flags and scatter plot patterns were also analyzed. Results were compared between AML cases and normal controls; AML FAB M2, M3, M4 vs reactive neutrophilia; AML FAB M4, M5 vs reactive monocytosis. Significant parameters were selected from all comparison groups. Using appropriate statistical tools, we calculated the cutoff values of these parameters and were able to screen out AML cases with 94% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Three statistical equations were generated using two of the most significant parameters which improved the sensitivity to 98% and specificity to 99%. Five hypothetical scatter plot patterns were devised and were classified according to FAB categories of AML. Most common pattern was selected in AML which was seen in 56% of the cases. Output was analyzed combining these patterns and flags with CPD parameters. CPD either alone or in the form of statistical equations along with scatter plots and flags can provide rapid and economic tool in preliminary diagnosis of AML in cost-constrained settings.

Geochemistry of Palaeoproterozoic Rocks of Aravalli Supergroup: Implications for Weathering History and Depositional Sequence

The Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supregroup of rocks, hosted in Aravalli Craton of NW shield, is deposited in shallow and deep water conditions. The major lithologies are phyllites and quartzites with significant components of greywacks and dolomite. Geochemical indices in particular, CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration) values (avg. phyllites: 51.6 - 81.5, avg. quartzites: 57.4 - 95.5) calculated from the data of clastic rocks of ASG suggest minimum to highly intense weathering in the source region. Other indices including PIA, CIW and ICV along with plot patterns on the A-CN-K diagram also nearly endorse CIA based interpretation. These rocks possess relatively high Th/U ratios compared to that found in fresh igneous rocks or their high grade metamorphic equivalents. This high Th/U ratio is neither a source inheritance nor a result of oxidation state rather a manifestation of Th hosting mineral accumulation through sorting. Viewed in the context of present stratigraphic succession, the weathering history adduced from geochemistry does not seem compatible but matches well with earlier classification scheme wherein the evolution of Aravalli Supergroup was considered episodic.

Investigating the hydrodynamics of high temperature fluidized bed by recurrence plot

Effect of temperature on the hydrodynamics of bubbling gas–solid fluidized beds was investigated using recurrence plot (RP) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) due to their capabilities for determining the whole bed complexity in a simple way. For this purpose, pressure fluctuations of a fluidized bed of sand particle were measured at various gas velocities and temperatures. Recurrence quantification analysis showed that by increasing the temperature up to 300°C, both determinism and laminarity increase due to formation of larger bubbles whereas entropy and recurrence rate decrease. To better detecting the different structures of in the bed recurrence plot at higher temperature, pressure fluctuations were also decomposed through wavelet transform. It was shown that at low gas velocity, the macro structures became dominate with increasing the bed temperature due to increase in the rate of bubble coalescence. The bubble diameter was estimated from the incoherent component of the cross power spectra of pressure signals at various temperatures and velocities. The incoherent results and standard deviation of measured pressure fluctuations confirmed that by increasing the bed temperature up to 300°C, bubbles grow up to a maximum diameter, after which they became smaller. In addition, the trend of the largest positive Lyapunov exponent was estimated through the recurrence plot patterns. It was shown that a bubbling fluidized bed is a chaotic system at higher temperatures. It was found a maximum in the estimated largest positive Lyapunov exponent at 300°C corresponds to the larger bubbles.

Inactivation modeling of human enteric virus surrogates, MS2, Qβ, and ΦX174, in water using UVC-LEDs, a novel disinfecting system

In order to assure the microbial safety of drinking water, UVC-LED treatment has emerged as a possible technology to replace the use of conventional low pressure (LP) mercury vapor UV lamps. In this investigation, inactivation of Human Enteric Virus (HuEV) surrogates with UVC-LEDs was investigated in a water disinfection system, and kinetic model equations were applied to depict the surviving infectivities of the viruses. MS2, Qβ, and ΦX 174 bacteriophages were inoculated into sterile distilled water (DW) and irradiated with UVC-LED printed circuit boards (PCBs) (266nm and 279nm) or conventional LP lamps. Infectivities of bacteriophages were effectively reduced by up to 7-log after 9mJ/cm2 treatment for MS2 and Qβ, and 1mJ/cm2 for ΦX 174. UVC-LEDs showed a superior viral inactivation effect compared to conventional LP lamps at the same dose (1mJ/cm2). Non-log linear plot patterns were observed, so that Weibull, Biphasic, Log linear-tail, and Weibull-tail model equations were used to fit the virus survival curves. For MS2 and Qβ, Weibull and Biphasic models fit well with R2 values approximately equal to 0.97–0.99, and the Weibull-tail equation accurately described survival of ΦX 174. The level of UV-susceptibility among coliphages measured by the inactivation rate constant, k, was statistically different (ΦX 174 (ssDNA)>MS2, Qβ (ssRNA)), and indicated that sensitivity to UV was attributed to viral genetic material.

Longitudinal strain bull's eye plot patterns in patients with cardiomyopathy and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.

Despite substantial advances in the imaging techniques and pathophysiological understanding over the last decades, identification of the underlying causes of left ventricular hypertrophy by means of echocardiographic examination remains a challenge in current clinical practice. The longitudinal strain bull’s eye plot derived from 2D speckle tracking imaging offers an intuitive visual overview of the global and regional left ventricular myocardial function in a single diagram. The bull’s eye mapping is clinically feasible and the plot patterns could provide clues to the etiology of cardiomyopathies. The present review summarizes the longitudinal strain, bull’s eye plot features in patients with various cardiomyopathies and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and the bull’s eye plot features might serve as one of the cardiac workup steps on evaluating patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Representations of the Police in Contemporary Russian Police TV Series

This article answers the question of how contemporary Russian TV series portray the police. The results derive from a single-case thematic and functionalist study of the popular Russian TV series Glukhar’ (which aired from 2008 to 2011). The show merits special attention because it was on air when the Russian police were undergoing a legitimacy crisis, which lead to the 2009 police reform. The series recognized the crisis and responded to it with a set of justifications. I analyze the show’s social and cultural contexts, its plot patterns, and the functions of its characters. I build a typology of justifications and claim that the show justifies the police through an open discussion about the reasons for and consequences of their lawlessness. The series shows that the legitimacy of the police is repeatedly questioned, but trust in the police is always restored because police officers are depicted as estranged from the state but not from the community. Thus, the show contains an interesting example of overcoming a legitimacy crisis through its recognition. The study opens the floor to further discussions about how popular culture resolves intense social debates about policing by symbolic means in a moment when police legitimacy is contested.

Phasor plots of luminescence decay functions

Luminescence decay functions describe the time dependence of the intensity of radiation emitted by electronically excited species. Decay phasor plots (plots of the Fourier sine transform vs. the Fourier cosine transform, for one or several angular frequencies) are being increasingly used in fluorescence, namely in lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). In this work, a detailed study of the sum of two exponentials decay function is carried out revealing that sub-exponential, super-exponential and unimodal decays have different phasor signatures. A generalization of the lever rule is obtained, and the existence of an outermost phasor curve corresponding to intermediate-like decays is demonstrated. A study of the behavior of more complex decay functions (sum of three exponentials, stretched and compressed exponentials, phosphorescence with reabsorption and triplet–triplet annihilation, fluorescence with quantum beats) allows concluding that a rich diversity of phasor plot patterns exists. In particular, super-exponential decays can present complex shapes, spiraling at high frequencies. The concept of virtual phasor is also introduced.

Efficiency of inventory plot patterns for the estimation of woody vegetation recruit density in a tropical dense forest in Bénin

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Structural analysis of regeneration in tropical dense forest: combined effect of plot and spatial distribution patterns

This study assessed the combined effect of the size and shape of inventory plots on the analysis of the density and diameter structure of saplings and juvenile trees. Thirty square plots of 400 m² were randomly laid out and each one was divided into 400 quadrats of 1 m². Stem number of recruits was recorded for all tree species and their diameter at breast height was measured in the quadrats. Seven types of subplots with different shapes and sizes were considered by grouping adjacent quadrats of 1 m². The Green index was used to assess the spatial distribution of regeneration and Weibull distribution was applied to model stem diameter distributions. Box–Cox transformations and weighted regression were used to model the relationship between the Green index, the plot patterns and the standard error of the estimation of the regeneration density. The same analyses were applied to model the relationship between the Green index, the plot patterns and the mean absolute error of the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution. The Green index and the plot size had a significant impact on the error of the regeneration density estimation. For clumped distribution of individuals, the plot shape had a significant impact on the error of their density estimation. As for stem diameter distribution, only the plot size had a significant effect on the mean absolute error of the stem diameter structure. The rectangular plots and square plots of 100 m² (14 m × 7 m and 10 m × 10 m) appeared more suitable for an effective structural analysis of woody species regeneration in the tropical dense forest for an aggregated distribution and a random distribution, respectively.

Extending the Family of Tetrahedral Tectons: Phenyl Embraces in Supramolecular Polymers of Tetraphenylmethane-based Tetraphosphonic Acid Templated by Organic Bases

A missing member of the tetraphenylmethane-based family of supramolecular tectons, tetrakis(4-phosphonophenyl)methane, TPPM (1), has been obtained, characterized, and reacted with organic amines that possess modulated conformational flexibility. The obtained adducts serve as a diverse platform for the investigation of the amine templating effect on phenyl embraces, the resulting supramolecular network, and its topology. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis has been employed for the investigation of phenyl embraces, which led to the indication of characteristic HS features of 4PE and 6PE phenyl embraces. One can also observe a new subtype of phenyl embrace, namely, HBA-PE (hydrogen bond-assisted phenyl embrace), which constitutes the cooperation of two interactions: strong hydrogen bonding and a phenyl embrace. A topological insight into TPPM hydrogen-bonded networks is also provided. As a result, we found a connection of the amine template type with the periodicity of the underlying supramolecular network. Additionally, we report three previously unknown topologies. The obtainment of an unusual example of a phosphonic acid cocrystal with base (adduct 3) allowed for the determination of specific 2D fingerprint plot patterns for acid–base structures, with and without proton transfer.

Turkey Tot by George Shannon (review)

Reviewed by: Turkey Tot by George Shannon Deborah Stevenson Shannon, George Turkey Tot; illus. by Jennifer K. Mann. Holiday House, 2013 [32p] ISBN 978-0-8234-2379-8 $16.95 Reviewed from galleys R 4-7 yrs “Fat blackberries hanging overhead” are quite the temptation for Turkey Tot and his pals Pig, Hen, and Chick, but the critters simply can’t reach the dangling fruit. Inventive Turkey Tot keeps coming up with berry-grabbing possibilities based on items he finds in the barnyard, but his friends complacently accept the situation and dismiss his efforts (“He’s been different since the day he hatched,” grumbles Hen). Unfazed, TT continues his experiments and devises his own version of the classic Romper Stompers, tin cans on his feet that allow him to reach the berries; fortunately, the kindly bird is happy to share his spoils with his formerly skeptical, now appreciative friends. While there are clear echoes of “The Little Red Hen” here in structure and trajectory, this is no monitory parable but a happy tale of the pleasures of problem solving. The text’s simplicity and careful, folkloric structure, including audience-appealing phrases and plot patterns, will draw young audiences in; Turkey Tot’s gleeful, overoptimistic take on the possibilities of detritus will ring true to anybody who’s known an ambitious collector/tinkerer, and his enthusiastic exploratory approach is heroic as well as comic. Mann’s art assembles pencil and watercolor figures in layered digital collage; there’s a breath of Jules Feiffer to her vigorous scrawls but also a sly contemporary edge to the critters’ wide, dubious eyes and slightly skewed comic poses. Young inventors will appreciate this tribute to their skills and stick-to-it-iveness, and it’ll make everybody will want to try out some tin-can stilts, so roll out the carpets and get ready for mayhem. Copyright © 2013 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Efficiency of inventory plot patterns in quantitative analysis of vegetation: a case study of tropical woodland and dense forest in Benin

The main issue in forest inventory is the reliability of data collected, which depends on the shape and size of inventoried plots. There is also a need for harmonisation of inventoried plot patterns in West Africa. This study focused on the impact of plot patterns on the quantitative analysis of two vegetation types of West Africa based on case studies from Benin. Twenty and fifteen plots of 1 ha each were demarcated in dense forest and woodland, respectively. Each 1 ha plot was divided into 100 quadrats of 100 m2 each and diameter at breast height (dbh) of trees was recorded in each quadrat. The required time to measuring trees diameter in each 1 ha plot was also recorded to compute the mean inventory effort. From the 100 quadrats in each 1 ha plot, 14 subplots of different shapes and sizes were considered by grouping together adjacent quadrats. The basal area of each subplot was computed and the relationship between estimation bias of the basal area and the size of subplots was modeled using Smith's Law (Smith 1938). The mean absolute error of the shape parameter c of Weibull distribution was computed for each of the subplot shape, size and direction. The direction and shape of subplots did not influence significantly (P > 0.05) the precision of the quantitative analysis of vegetation. However, square subplots were suitable in practice. On the contrary, plot size was significantly (P < 0.05) and inversely correlated to estimation efficiency. The optimal plot size for quantitative analysis of vegetation was 1 800 and 2 000 m2 with an inventory effort of 0.51 and 0.85 man-days per subplot in woodland and dense forest, respectively. It is concluded that use of standard sample sizes will help to harmonise a forestry database and to carry out comparisons at regional level.

Effect of inventory plot patterns in the floristic analysis of tropical woodland and dense forest

This study was set up to examine the effect of plot patterns on the accuracy of phytosociological characterization of tropical vegetation. Fifteen and twenty square plots of 1 ha were demarcated, respectively, in woodland and dense forest in BEach 1 ha plot was divided into 100 quadrats of one 100 m 2 . Species of trees in each quadrat were identified and recorded. The cost in terms of time required to record tree species in each 1 ha plot and five random quadrats in a 1 ha plot were also recorded to compute the mean inventory effort for a team of three foresters. From the 100 quadrats in a 1 ha plot, fourteen independent subplots of square and rectangular plots with different sizes were considered by grouping together adjacent quadrats of 100 m 2 . Eigenanalysis was carried out to compare the subplots. Moreover, the relationship between the relative loss of accuracy (RLA) and the size of subplots was modelled. Plot size highly influenced the RLA (P < 0.05). Findings indicated that the square plots of 1500 and 1000 m 2 with an inventory effort of 0.35 and 0.20 man-days per subplot, respectively in tropical dense forests and woodlands appeared to be the most efficient in the phytosociological characterization of woody

Der "Aufbewahrungsort des Falschen": Fehler und Zufälle in Wolfgang Herrndorfs Roman Sand am Beispiel des Homonyms Mine

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht Wolfgang Herrndorfs Roman Sand (2011) auf die ihm zu Grunde liegenden Verkettungen von Fehlern, Zufällen und die Logik des Absurden. Es werden dabei zunächst die verschiedenen Konnotationen des Wüstenmotivs und ihre dazugehörigen Traditionslinien in den Blick genommen. Im Anschluss wird gezeigt, inwiefern diese thematische Ausprägung des Antilogischen auch auf die Ebene der Rezeption übertragen werden kann, indem formale Kategorien wie Erzählposition, Zeitstruktur und Plotmuster untersucht werden. Am Beispiel des Homonyms Mine und seines Homophons Miene wird schließlich herausgearbeitet, wie der Roman mit (semantischen) Missverständnissen und Fehlinterpretationen spielt und solchermaßen zum „Aufbewahrungsort des Falschen" wird.

The effect of different sowing patterns and deficit irrigation management on yield and agronomic characteristics of sweet corn

Water stress restricts crop yields in both the arid and semi-arid zones of the world. The responses of sweet corn ( Zea mays ) to irrigation frequency and sowing patterns were studied in the field from December 2005 to December 2006. This research was laid out in split plot, with water quantity as main plot and sowing patterns as subplot in three replications. The treatments consisted of two irrigation times (6 and 10 days) and six levels of planting patterns (full irrigation in single row, changeable alternative irrigation in single row, full irrigation in double row, changeable alternative irrigation in double row, fixed alternative irrigation in single row and fixed alternative irrigation in double row pattern). The results show that, both biomass and stem fresh weight was affected by irrigation regimes, with normal irrigation treatments accounting for the highest. The effect of sowing patterns on all measured traits were significant at 1% level with the exception of plant height, ear depth, number of seeds/ear row and number of seeds/row. The results further demonstrate that water consumption in alternative furrow irrigation trait was worthwhile (35%) in contrast with control treatment. Although, the degree of decline in yield when compared with the control group was 3.4 and 5.2%, respectively, it was not statistically significant. The practice of alternative furrow irrigation may be recommended as a suitable farming method in northern Iran due to the benefits associated with it in terms of weeds reduction and providing soil ventilation. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, double row, furrows irrigation, planting pattern, sweet corn

From Statecraft to Stagecraft: The Tempest in the Italian Arcadia

In a context of confrontation between early modern European theatres, the Italian commedia dell'arte proves to be a fruitful ground of interpretation for Elizabethan drama, specifically for the case of Shakespeare's The Tempest. As noted by pioneer early nineteenth-century studies, and more recently by Louise George Clubb, Richard Andrews, and Rob Henke, the play's plot patterns, or better theatergrams, reveal some affiliation with scenarios from the Italian comedic improvisation pieces and prompt an investigation of shared thematic strategies between the two traditions. This adds to the import of Italian influences on early modern English theatre and adds to the reading of the play as the staging of Italianate court politics, as some recent criticism has suggested, in particular by evoking the name of Machiavelli. My contribution aims at offering a further exploration of The Tempest's possible isomorphism with the ‘arcadian enchantment’ of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italian improvised comedy scenarios. In fact, the article investigates how Shakespeare may have looked at a common repertoire of recurrent motifs (a powerful magician), settings (a deserted island), and actions (the shipwreck, the castaways' reunion and their comic scheming), working them out into a different dramatic context. Attention will be specially drawn on the play's ending which seems to find an unsuspected equivalent in the scenarios.

Vocal Fold Vibratory Characteristics of Healthy Geriatric Females—Analysis of High-Speed Digital Images

A high proportion of the geriatric population suffers from presbylaryngis and presbyphonia; however, our knowledge of vibratory patterns in this population is almost nonexistent. In this study, we investigate the vocal fold vibratory patterns of healthy elderly females to determine which features or combination of them could best describe the geriatric voices. Cross-sectional study with 20 elderly healthy females with no history of voice problems. Hilbert transformed glottal area waveforms (GAWs) from serial high-speed digital imaging of sustained phonation are used to provide quantitative measures of glottal vibratory characteristics and perturbations; open quotient, jitter, and shimmer. Nyquist plots provide interpretable patterns to portray the vibratory characteristics as clear, pressed, breathy, and atypical patterns. The GAW from most elderly speakers (50%) showed vibratory characteristics associated with a more pressed voice and higher glottal perturbation values: their Nyquist plot patterns show wide scatterings around the rim of the plot reflecting a much-reduced ability in sustaining vibratory oscillation; these were distinct differences from previously reported data on younger speakers. Qualitative examination revealed more anteriorly placed glottal gaps in the geriatric females. These findings have important implications in understanding voice production in the geriatric population and in helping to establish normal perturbation references among female speakers across age.

주공혼재 준공업지역의 지속적관리를 위한 재생 설계 방안 연구 : 서울시 영등포구 문래동 4가 일대를 중심으로

This research has a purpose of proposing regeneration design measures of regeneration concept and assignments those gradually recover regional values for desirable regeneration of semi-industrial districts such as the conventional usage or urban organization as a countermeasure approach to overcome the improvement limitation focused on removing all of them. As Mullae 4 ga, the target area and a hinter residential land of textiles factory of 1930s, remain as a mixed area of residential and industrial maintaining urban organization until today, the need of regeneration is high due to change of industry organization and insufficiency and deterioration of infrastructure. Therefore, to draw a desirable design measure, this research has analyzed conditions such as exclusive city organization of Mullaedong target areas and proposed urban regeneration design measures those gradually recover urban organization and architectures of the target areas. Through this, conserving the characteristics of mixed use, roads and plot patterns the target areas have, the effect to maintain and develop an economic base of residential and industrial usage is expected.