PLN Power Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MONITORING AIR DENGANSENSOR ULTRASONIK HC-SR04 DAN WATER FLOW DI ASONE HIDROPONIK BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) MENGGUNAKAN ENERGI PANEL SURYA(PLTS)

The cultivation system using hydroponics is now widely popular among the community because it does not require large areas of land. Using the hydroponic system results in faster and optimal harvests. However, the busy activities of urban communities often cause them to fail in implementing it due to constraints in controlling and monitoring hydroponic plants. Additionally, PLN electricity is essential for operating the water pump, and the electricity load and tariff increases, along with sudden blackouts, significantly impact business actors. To address this problem, this research creates an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water monitoring system for ACONE Hydroponics partners with solar panel (PLTS) energy sources as an alternative energy in the event of a sudden PLN power outage. The sensors used in this system include the HCR-04 ultrasonic sensor to monitor water availability and the water flow sensor to measure water flow (discharge). Sensor data is processed by the ESP32 microcontroller and sent to the Blynk cloud platform via an internet connection and displayed on an LCD. System testing shows that the system can send sensor data to the cloud platform stably and in real-time. Data visualization on the cloud platform is easy to understand and helps hydroponic owners monitor water conditions in hydroponic systems. This water monitoring system can help users optimize water use in hydroponic systems.

Solar Power Station For High-Powered Electronics

The number of PLN power users below 2200 VA for households in Indonesia causes the use of high-powered electronic equipment (HPE) such as electric stoves, microwaves, and ovens, to be limited. In some cases, the HPE can't operate due to lack of power or being the cause of the miniature circuit breaker (MCB) down. In fact, the use of HPE can improve the quality of life of people. Power stations separated by PLN (off-grid) and high-powered are thought to be able to solve the problem due to the daily use of HPE mostly over 1-3 hours. Solar home system (SHS) can be the base power station off-grid for HPE. However, the SHS studies carried out are limited to low power below 1000 VA or high power above 3000 VA. Addressing this, the study will create high power stations between 1000 VA - 3000VA based on SHS and analyze its daily use for electrical HPE equipment such as electric stoves, microwaves, and ovens. The charging of a power station with four 100 Wp Polycrystalline solar panels can charge around 1 kWh on sunny days in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Daily cooking activity shows the power station can support 2-3 menus daily with the usage of HPEs.

ANALYSIS OF SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN THE PT. SUMEDANG TELEVISI UTAMA BUILDING AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE

Indonesia is a tropical region with significant solar energy potential, where the average daily sunlight reaches 4.5 - 4.8 kWh/m²/day. This makes solar energy one of the promising forms of renewable energy worthy of development. The instability of electricity supply from the national grid (PLN) is a prevalent issue across various regions. PT. Sumedang Televisi Utama (SMTV), a television broadcasting company, frequently encounters disruptions in TV broadcasts due to power supply issues originating from PLN. Hence, this research holds the urgency to explore alternatives that can provide electricity supply during interruptions in the PLN power distribution. The contribution of this study lies in the development of a practical and applicable Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant (PLTS) module. With the implementation of this module, it is anticipated that PT. Sumedang Televisi Utama (SMTV) and other entities can have a backup electricity supply source, mitigating the impact of power supply disturbances from PLN. Suggesions for further research include delving deeper into the efficiency and performance assessment of the designed PLTS module under various environmental conditions and weather patterns that are typical in Indonesia. Furthermore, subsequent research could focus on integrating a more effective energy storage system with the PLTS module, thereby maximizing solar energy utilization even during periods of limited sunlight. This endeavor would enhance the resilience and availability of alternative power supply during instances of disruptions in the national grid (PLN) distribution.

Analysis of Power Generation and Distribution of Hybrid Energy for Electricity Loads in Batakan Village

The need for electrical energy continues to increase over time. However, in Indonesia power plants are still dominated by fossil fuel power plants, and there are still many areas without access to electricity. The use of renewable energy is needed to replace fossil fuels considering that fossil fuels can run out one day. The coastal area of Batakan Village in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province, was chosen as the focus location for conducting hybrid power plant simulations because this village is located in a coastal area where wind and solar energy sources are abundant. Batakan Village is approximately 40 km from Pelaihari City. Medium-voltage network transmission system (JTM) is supplied from Pelaihari City, and it is almost certain that this village experiences large power losses over long distance. This power loss will be detrimental if an effort is not made to reduce it. The purpose of this research is first to determine the optimal hybrid power plant configuration design to reduce power loss in the electricity system in Batakan Village. Second, it will analyze the power loss of the hybrid power plant system in Batakan Village, and finally, this research is going to analyze the investment feasibility of the hybrid power plant system in Batakan Village. In this study, the design of renewable energy plants, such as solar power plants (PLTS) with a total capacity of 406.1 kW and wind power plants (PLTB) with a total capacity of 125 kW, and the electricity network (grid system) are used together in a hybrid power generation system. The ETAP software was used to analyze the power losses of the hybrid power generation system, while the HOMER software was used to determine the net present value (NPV) and cost of energy (COE) of the hybrid power generation system. The results show that the configuration of the solar, wind, and grid systems is the most optimal. It is obtained from the results of ETAP simulations that have been carried out during average load and peak load conditions that by including the Solar Power Plant and Wind Power Plant power losses in the electricity system in Batakan Village can be reduced from the previous one using the system configuration only connected to the PLN power grid (grid system only). The total power losses incurred was 269.1 kW of active power and 1613.5 kvar of reactive power at average load reduced to 266.9 kW of active power and 1568.9 kvar of reactive power. At peak load the total power losses were 423.4 kW of active power and 2573.0 kvar of reactive power and they deceased to 41.,5 kW of active power and 2510.5 kvar of reactive power. In terms of investment, the COE value decreased by IDR 111, and the NPC decreased by IDR 6,600,000,000 at the average load. At the peak load COE decreased by IDR 88, while NPC by IDR 7,000,000,000. The return of investment (ROI) value is 13.2%, which indicates that the investment is still in the profitable stage.

Application of Bypass Heater System for Prevention of Overcooling in Diesel Engines


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Industrial and agency activities are currently strongly influenced by electricity supply from PLN. When the PLN electricity goes out, the generator will immediately turn on and all loads previously electrified by PLN power will move to the generator. This displacement occurs quickly and not gradually. Diesel engines (engines) will receive high loads when conditions are still not hot. Diesel engines take longer to heat compared to gasoline engines. This condition is referred to as overcooling. This study uses a bypass heater system to accelerate the heating process and prevent overcooling. From experiments that have been conducted show that the use of a heater as 3000 W for generators with a size of 400 kVa can reduce the heating period by 17 minutes (54%). In addition, it can reduce fuel consumption by an average of 0.5 lt/h during the heating period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Rancang Bangun Sistem Irigasi Otomatis Berbasis RTC Menggunakan Solar Panel

Sinarancang Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency is one of the best agricultural producing villages in Mundu District. Agriculture will become more productive as a result of developments and new technologies such as sensors, devices, and information technology that can group data into big data. Watering with the manual method is less effective because it requires time,effort, and operators who cannot leave the land for a long time. Therefore, an Automatic Irrigation System based on solar panels was created and implemented. This system uses Real Time lock (RTC) as a time calculator. The type of RTC used is the RTC DS 1307 which is compatible with Arduino. Solar Panels are used as a substitute for PLN's power supply. System components consist of solar panels, control boxes, pumps, and nozzle taps. The system has been tested and the voltage to activate the pump is about 12volts. The time interval for circulating air in the nozzle faucet when the pump is active is about 6-10 seconds. The system is implemented on dry land by utilizing air sources from higher ground so that it is effective for the watering system

Pemanfaatan Energi Surya Sebagai Energi Alternatif Aerator Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Air Kolam Ikan Hias Berukuran Kecil

<p><em>Aerator has function to supply the dissolved oxygen in the water is very important for the survival of fish, therefore the</em><br /><em>aerator is required to be on for 24 hours. However, due to depending on PLN electricity, when there is a power outage for a</em><br /><em>long period of time, the aerator can't supply dissolved oxygen into the pond and the oxygen supply in the pond will drop</em><br /><em>drastically. This is dangerous because it can threaten the survival of ornamental fish. Therefore, an energy supply system is</em><br /><em>needed that can supply electrical energy to the aerator to replace the dependency electricity from PLN. This tool is designed</em><br /><em>to use a power supply from solar panels so that it is not affected in the event of a PLN power outage, and can always supply</em><br /><em>dissolved oxygen levels for the survival of ornamental fish. In addition, this tool is also equipped with a monitoring system</em><br /><em>based on the Nodemcu ESP8266 Microcontroller which is displayed via the Thingspeak server. The monitoring system used</em><br /><em>in this tool uses a PH sensor and a temperature sensor. The use of PH sensors and temperature sensors because the level of</em><br /><em>acidity (PH) and temperature are one of the parameters of water quality other than dissolved oxygen. When the aerator is on,</em><br /><em>the information on the pool water will be read through the PH sensor and temperature sensor.</em></p>

Perencanaan Instalasi Listrik di Hotel dan Villa Maua Nusa Penida

Maua Nusa Penida is one of the hotels and villas in Nusa Penida which will be discussed in this research. The number of hotel blocks to be built is 4 blocks, where each block consists of 8 rooms. As for the villa as many as 26 various villas. There is also a main building and a restaurant that will serve as future support. Once the existing buildings are complex, the developers are required to plan all the buildings to be built in order to obtain security and also economic factors in the development process. From the results of the planning that has been carried out on each building, each building requires a different number of lights depending on the type of lamp, the type of building and also the area of the building. After getting the total electricity demand in a building, planning is continued by determining the area of cable conductors that supply each building. From the calculation results, it is also known that the type of cable used is planting cable (NYRGbY & NYFGbY) which has good insulation when planted in the ground and follows the provisions of PLN regarding voltage loss, which does not exceed 5% at the end of the conductor. The safety used in buildings uses MCB and also MCCB. Meanwhile, the safety of electric current in the LVMDP and SDP sections uses MCCB components. From the planning results, the total electricity demand is 159,441VA for zone 1 villas and also 142,536VA for zone 2 villas. From this calculation it is also known that the PLN power requirement in each zone is 164,000 VA. To get the convenience and reliability of the electrical system in this hotel and villa, the supply of electrical power in addition to the electricity source from PLN is also equipped with a backup power generator of 200 KVA in each zone.

Design an Automatic Transfer Switch for Solar Power Plant

This paper discusses the automatic transfer switch (ATS) in solar power plants. ATS is used to transfer the main electrical power to a backup power source (battery). PLN power cannot supply electricity continuously due to non-standard ATS installations, blackouts, disturbances to the generating system, and distribution system. Two ATS systems are proposed to control the switching process of PLN and PLTS automatically using inverter standby mode (ISM) and inverter off mode (IOM). The results of the application of ISM to PLN and PLTS can supply power needs based on switching techniques to avoid equipment damage. While IOM can save battery for inverter power supply.

Penggunaan Common-Mode Filter dan Differential-Mode Filter Pada EMI Driver Lampu LED

Power Energy efficiency for public application commonly used driver IC that operate by (Pulse Width Modulation) PWM, The effect of this implementation will generate EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) that can make radio signal distortion or other electronic distortion in the around device area. The action to reduce the signal distortions shall use Filter implementation in the electronic device circuit. The filter to reduce signal distortion are power line filter or ferrite beads filter. Power line filter used for reduce and to filtering noise signal from Power line source from PLN power line or from power line distribution Conduction emission., The ferrite beads filter implementation for noise reduction or filtering from Source power supply to load. Implement of both filters at the circuit diagram will impact to reduce noise signal that make distortion to the signal source.

Design of solar power plants with hybrid systems

The design of hybrid power plants aims to provide alternative solutions to the community in the event of a power outage. This solar power generation system utilizes solar panels that have the function of converting sunlight energy into direct electrical energy which is used as the main source in battery charging. In a hybrid solar power plant system that is made equipped with a logger system that stores data about temperature, current, voltage on the solar panel, battery percentage, output power at the load, charging source and the power used at the load. From the results of the design and testing of the hybrid charging system, the main power source of the solar panel, if the battery power is less than 40%, the charging system moves to PLN (the state electricity company) and when the battery power is above 50%, the charging from the PLN will be turned off, at Auto Transfer Switch (ATS) system will be active if the power from the PLN goes out, the relay will move the PLN power to battery power for 3 seconds due to the start of the inverter, if the PLN power is on, the power from the inverter will move to PLN directly with no pause.

Ats Hybrid System With Plts And Pln Power For Iot Based Hydroponic Pumps

Science and Technology for Hydroponics can be use in a limited land areas . This Hydroponic System uses a pump load to drain water continuously using PLN power and result in a waste of electricity costs. therefore this study applies a Hybrid ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) System using PLTS power and PLN power for pump loads that drain water continuously using internet of things technology so that it can be monitored at any time. The ATS System performs Automatic Switching (disconnect flow a electric) If the PLTS power less than <10V and connects PLN power so that that the pump load remains on until the PLTS power recovers and the Blynk application sends a notification that the PLTS flow condition is cut off and PLN is connected. Error reading from the INA219 sensor at the voltage output is 0.4 -0.6% and the current is 3.0%. The TDS sensor reads the PPM value of hydroponic water from 08.00 to 18.00 with an average 0f 291.38 PPM.

The design and build of ohmic heated hydro distillation for the essential oil extraction of eucalyptus leaves

The extraction of eucalyptus essential oil has been widely carried out with a variety of fairly modern tools and machines, but most of them still use conventional heating methods. The water distillation method for extracting eucalyptus leaves essential oil has been tried using a microwave but is still constrained by the limited penetration of microwaves in the material. To overcome the drawbacks of the extraction method, it is necessary to design a method of extracting eucalyptus leaves essential oil by using ohmic heated hydro distillation with this method, heat will be generated from the material so that it can reduce energy use during the extraction process. This study aims to design and test the performance of ohmic heated hydro distillation for the extraction of eucalyptus leaves essential oil. The method used in this research starts from functional and structural design, component manufacturing, assembly and performance testing of ohmic heated hydro distillation. The design results obtained the dimensions of ohmic heated hydro distillation from the central 304 stainless steel electrode with a length of 50 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. The electrically isolated outermost cylinder functions as a negative electrode with a diameter of 34 cm and a height of 55 cm. The electrodes are connected to a PLN power source with 5 kVA power. The distillation unit is then connected to the condenser of stainless steel 304. The test results obtained a distillation rate of 0.0007 kg per hour with a yield of 0.28%

Control System for Smart Home Energy Management

The Increasing energy demand for residential load is often associated with a lot of energy waste due to lack of a good energy management system. In this work, we propose an intelligent energy management system (EMS) which is designed to control the electrical energy source from solar energy and the power plant from PLN resources both automatically and manually based on the Internet of Things. This control system can be controlled remotely during the process of connecting and disconnecting backup power sources that can be accessed through smartphone devices. Based on the test results of the control system of displacement of energy sources, the DC voltage sensor accuracy value is 99.44% and the PLN voltage measurement has an accuracy of 98.31%. In the control system transfer to a backup power source with manual control has an average duration of time of 0.74 seconds while the automatic control has an average duration of time of 0.98 seconds to 1.33 seconds and for automatic control with priority reading the battery capacity of 12.75 Volts can do transfer from the PLN power source to the backup power source and transfer to the PLN source if the voltage is less than 10.5 Volts with a 100% success rate.

STUDY AVAILABILITY OF WIND SPEED IN THE SOUTH COASTAL AREA OF GORONTALO REGENCY, INDONESIA

The location of Indonesia at the equator is a Hadley, Walker, and local circulation encounter area so that the condition is estimated to be rich in wind potential. The power capable of installing the 2016 PLN power plant from the Bayu Power Plant (PLTB) only meets 0.20 MW in Gorontalo. This study aims to study the availability of wind speed in the southern coastal region of Gorontalo Regency. Wind speed measurement using hand anemometer is carried out in two sessions for each village, namely session I between 10.00 - 12.00 WITA and session II between 16.00 - 18.00 WITA. There are five villages located on the southern coast of Gorontalo Regency as data collection locations, namely Bongo, Kayubulan, Bulihu Tengah, Luluo and Taulaa Villages. The selection of the village is based on its location in the District Capital, directly adjacent to Tomini Bay, easy access to location, and population. Data retrieval in the form of wind speed, location coordinates, air temperature, air pressure, and altitude. The results showed that the highest average wind speed occurred at the measurement of Session I in Taulaa Village at 4.2 m/s.

Case-Based Reasoning Using The Nearest Neighbor Method For Detection Of Equipment Damage To PLN Power Plant

Predictive Maintenance (PdM) at the PLN Power Plant is a periodic monitoring of equipment activities before the equipment is damaged in more severe conditions. According to an expert or PdM owner that maintenance analysis is not appropriate and efficiency has an impact on maintenance costs that are not small. In real conditions, the PdM owner analyzes equipment damage based on previous cases of damage equipment. Then we need a computer-based intelligent system that can help detect damage to equipment.Based on the Literature Review that has been done, Case-Based Reasoning can solve new problems using answers or experiences from old problems such as imitating human abilities. Case-Based Reasoning Process there is the most important step, which is to find the highest similarity value or the level of similarity between new cases and old cases by adapting solutions from old cases that have occurred (Sankar, 2004). In this study the process of similarity or approach using Nearest Neighbor.Testing on the system uses 20 test data and the measurement of system performance uses confusion matrix. Evaluation of testing using confusion matrix can be seen how accurately the system can classify data correctly that is equal to 97.98%. Then the precision value of 95% represents the number of positive categorized data that is correctly divided by the total data classified as positive. Furthermore, the test results of the equipment damage detection test data at the PLN plant with a threshold value of 0.75 using the nearest neighbor, the system has a performance with a 95% sensitivity level.

Government Policy to Encourage Customers to Support Development of Renewable Energy in Indonesia – A Proposal.

Indonesia is blessed with abundant renewable energy resources. Nevertheless, they have only been used to cover about 5% of the total national energy demand. To optimize their utilization, the government has to make and implement a policy that will encourage PLN costumers to help increase their on-grid power supply capacity. This policy will provide benefits for islands that are already equipped with PLN power grids. This paper uses Solar Power Plants and household costumers as models to calculate potential on-grid power increase which can be contributed by PLN costumers. A two-way power meter is used to replace the currently used one. This model will be applied to the conventional grid to demonstrate the compatibility that show how it is applicable even without upgrading the conventional grid to become smart grid system. The result shows that customers can participate significantly through the flow of their excess energy to grid.

The generator operating system automatically uses a motorized change over switch devices

This system is carried out using two power between the National Electricity Company (PLN) as the main power and the generator as backup power. This system uses 30KVA power capacity for PLN and 45KVA for generator set (genset). This system relies heavily on the crucial role of the motorized change over switch device because the automatic transfer system can run properly without collisions when using the backup power supply and when the main power supplies return. The results provided by the observations on two power experiments between the power of the PLN and the power of the generator when there is a blackout at the PLN. The automatically performance of motorized change over switch works has a range of pauses of 18 seconds to be able to power the genset capable of taking on the role of PLN to back up the Building. Furthermore, when the PLN power returns the power is held for 30 seconds by a motorized change the over switch. It ensures that the main power of the PLN reconnected.

Hybrid Power Plant System Analysis in Seruni Beach, Bantaeng District, South Sulawesi

Seruni Beach is one of the tourist attractions in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. As an area that has potential as a tourist place, it must be supported by adequate electricity supply. The electricity source in Seruni Beach is only sup-plied by the State or PLN power plants. To reduce the electricity supply from the National Electric Company, a hybrid power plant is designed that utilizes the potential of alternative energy sources in the form of wind and solar energy. The purpose of this study is to produce efficient solar and wind hybrid plants as a backup generator in sup-plying the loads that are around the coast. The study uses HOMER as an optimal generator determinant. The indicators are used as economic valuations, namely payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), net present cost (NPC), and cost of energy (COE). The study uses 2 schemes to calculate the indicators used. Scheme 1 only uses the grid as a supplier of electricity, and in scheme 2 uses wind turbines, solar panels, and grids. The results of this research are solar and wind power hybrids producing 390,620 kWh/year. Scheme 1 has a higher NPC value of Rp 4,632,183,000 while scheme 2 has an NPC value of Rp 2,555,496,645. The costs incurred by scheme 2 to produce electricity per kWh are smaller, namely Rp. 304,709 compared to the scheme 1 in the amount of Rp. 1467.28. in scheme 2, the NPV is positive in the amount of Rp. 1,037,919,493 and from the results of the calculation of the payback period, the time needed to recover the investment costs of solar and wind power plants is 5 years 10 months.

Diseminasi Teknologi Mesin Genset Tenaga Surya Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Bencana Gunung Merapi Desa Wukirsari Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman

The problem experienced by Wukirsari Village as one of the areas affected by the Mount Merapi disaster is the frequent occurrence of PLN power outages. To overcome this problem, the dissemination of technology products to the community aims to improve the ability of Wukirsari villagers to make natural electricity based on solar power and use solar power generator technology and be able to increase the value of sales and marketing. Outputs generated from this activity include the development of a number of group members, training in the use and maintenance of solar generator sets, training in the manufacture of solar engine generator sets, good financial management training and product sales and marketing training. This activity has resulted in: (1) solar generator products that have been carefully prepared with good results by the UPGRIS team, (2) villagers of Wukirsari are able to treat and use properly and correctly, (3) symbolic delivery to 3 residents solar power generator with capacity, 900 Watt, 1200 Watt and 1500 Watt