Pleurotus Djamor Research Articles

Taxonomic Identification and Nutritional Profiling of Wild Isolates of the Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus djamor (Agaricomycetes) from Northwestern Himalayas (India).

For generations, individuals have been incorporating wild edible fungi into their diets. Precisely identifying mushrooms is essential for harnessing their potential benefits for human use. Specifically, the taxonomical identification of Pleurotus species is known for its complexity. In modern times, it is always necessary to use molecular analysis as a valuable approach for gaining a deeper understanding of the systematics and the delineation of species. Thus, this study confirmed the identity of two wild isolates of Pleurotus djamor (pink oyster mushroom) using the internal transcribed spacer sequences. The amplicons underwent sequencing, and the resulting data was assembled and analyzed. The nucleotide sequences of the two wild isolates blasted against sequences from GenBank database revealed that two wild isolates matched 96.80 and 95.27% P. djamor with accession number KF280324.1 and KT273366.1. Commercially cultivated species took less time for spawn run (17.75 days), primordial initiation (22.25 days) and recoded highest biological efficiency (73.92%) among wild isolates. Nutritional analysis revealed that wild isolates showcase an abundance of nutrients, surpassing commercially cultivated species in terms of moisture, protein, and crude fiber content. This distinctive nutritional profile positions wild isolates as an exceptional superfood, fostering overall health enhancement.

Effect of selenium and zinc biofortification on the biochemical parameters of Pleurotus spp. under submerged and solid-state fermentation

BackgroundPleurotus has a remarkable nutritional and nutraceutical profile due to mineral mobilization and accumulation abilities from the substrate. The present study aimed to observe the effect of single and dual supplementations Se and Zn on biochemical parameters of P. florida, P. sajor caju and P. djamor. Also, the bioaccumulation of the trace elements in fortified mushrooms was estimated. MethodsBiomass production and radial growth rate were observed on Se and Zn supplemented broth and agar based medium. Furthermore, the influence of Se and Zn supplementation was recorded on the fruit body yield. The colorimetric assays were employed to estimate total soluble protein, total phenol and total flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activity was assayed as DPPH radical scavenging test. While, ICP-AES was performed to estimate the variation in the Zn and Se content of the fruit bodies. ResultsThe Se supplementation at low rate resulted in improvement in the radial growth rate and biomass production for P. sajor caju. For solid-state fermentation, a better yield was obtained with inorganic salt supplementation in comparison to organically enriched Se straw. The maximum total soluble protein content and total flavonoid content were observed in fruit bodies of P. sajor caju at 4 mg L -1 of Se and Se-Zn respectively. Pleurotus djamor exhibited the highest total phenolic content on Zn supplementation (10 mg L-1). Improved antioxidant potential was recorded with dual supplementations. Salt supplementations caused shrinkage, distortion of the fungal hyphae, and decreased basidiospores with significant amelioration in elemental composition in fortified mushrooms. ConclusionThe inorganic salt supplementation increased the biochemical potential of Pleurotus spp. in comparison to organically enriched substrate which could further be used for the development of dietary supplements.

Development of novel rapid-growing and delicious Pleurotus djamor strains through hybridization

Development of novel rapid-growing and delicious Pleurotus djamor strains through hybridization

Solid-State Fermentation with White Rot Fungi (Pleurotus Species) Improves the Chemical Composition of Highland Barley Straw as a Ruminant Feed and Enhances In Vitro Rumen Digestibility.

Lignin degradation is important for enhancing the digestibility and improving the nutritive quality of ruminant feeds. White rot fungi are well known for their bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. The objective of this paper was to evaluate whether Lentinus sajor-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phyllotopsis rhodophylla, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus treatments altered the chemical compositions of highland barley straw constituents and enhanced their nutritional value as a ruminant feed. All white rot fungi significantly increased the relative crude protein (CP), ethyl ether extract (EE), starch, soluble protein (SP), and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) contents but decreased the ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and acid detergent insoluble protein (ADFIP) contents. In addition, L. sajor-caju treatment increased (p < 0.001) the levels of PA, PB2, PB3, CA, CB1, CB2, and CNSC, but reduced (p < 0.001) the PC and CC in the solid-state fermentation of highland barley straw. Maximum ligninlysis (50.19%) was optimally produced in the presence of 1.53% glucose and 2.29% urea at 22.72 ℃. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and total volatile fatty acid concentrations of fermented highland barley straw, as well as the fermentability, were optimized and improved with L. sajor-caju, which degraded the lignocellulose and improved the nutritional value of highland barley straw as a ruminant feed.

Stability of pigments from Termitomyces sp. (termite mushroom), Pleurotus citrinopileatus (yellow oyster mushroom) and Pleurotus djamor (pink oyster mushroom) as natural food colouring

Food colouring has been used in food items for a long time to enhance the natural colour of food, maintain colour consistency and enhance product attractiveness. The most popular food colouring is synthetic since it is more stable and less expensive. However, there is growing concern about how artificial food colouring affects human health. As a result, research into using natural food colouring as an alternative to synthetic colouring has grown. Due to the complexity of food products, natural food colouring is unstable and prone to degradation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to use the CIELAB colorimeter to ascertain the colour stability of the pigments found in Termitomyces sp. (termite mushroom), Pleurotus citrinopileatus (yellow oyster mushroom) and Pleurotus djamor (pink oyster mushroom). At three pH levels (3.0, 7.0 and 15.0), the stability of pigments derived from these mushrooms was assessed; the pigments were most stable at pH 7.0. Additionally, the pigments were heated from 40 to 100°C. The outcomes demonstrated that P. citrinopileatus's yellow pigment was unstable at 40°C, 60°C 80°C and 100°C. When heated between 40°C and 80°C, the pigments derived from P. djamor and Termitomyces sp. remained stable. Ascorbic acid, citric acid, and sodium metabisulphite treatments had no discernible effects on the stability or colour of the pink pigment (a* values) as compared to the control.

Production and Evaluation of Pleurotus spp. Hybrids Cultivated on Ecuadorian Agro-Industrial Wastes: Using Multivariate Statistical Methods

The sustainable management of agricultural residues is a pivotal element in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture. This is based on strategies that include the reutilization of residues as a substrate for the cultivation of economically significant mushroom species. The primary aim of this investigation is to assess the viability of utilizing two of the most prevalent agricultural residues in Ecuador as a substrate for the cultivation of hybrids within the Pleurotus genus. This assessment includes an evaluation of the nutritional and productivity parameters exhibited by the resulting mushrooms, employing multivariate statistical methodologies. The hybrid strains were developed by crossing compatible neohaplonts obtained through chemical dedikaryotization. A total of five neohaplonts of Pleurotus ostreatus as parental strain P1 and five monokaryons of Pleurotus djamor as parental strain P2 were randomly crossed in all possible combinations. Two parental hybrid strains, H1 and H2, were produced. These hybrids were cultivated using agricultural waste substrates, specifically, green banana leaves (GBL) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). Two distinct treatments or mixtures were tested: M1 (composed of 80% SB and 20% GBL) and M2 (composed of 20% SB and 80% GBL). It was found that the M1 blend promotes mushroom growth, yielding superior properties attributable to the higher proportion of nutritional content derived from sugarcane bagasse.

Graded levels of dietary pink oyster mushroom, Pleurotus djamor meal, affect growth, feed efficiency, lipase activity, and fiber content in final whole body of fingerlings of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

The presently reported study was aimed to determine the effects of graded levels of dietary pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) meal (POMM), in growth, feed efficiency, protein utilization, digestive enzymes activities, and whole-body proximate composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), fingerlings (0.3 ± 0.01 g). The experimental design included a control diet (POMM0) formulated with soybean meal, as the main protein source, and four diets designed with increasing levels of POMM: 25% (POMM25); 50% (POMM50); 75% (POMM75); and 100% (POMM100). Experimental diets were administered to 420 fish, randomly distributed in 15, 100-L tanks. The feeding experiment lasted 45 days. Diets and the final whole body were submitted to a proximate composition analysis. Growth, feed efficiency, protein utilization, and digestive enzyme activities were assessed. Compared to POMM0 and POMM25, weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) decreased in fish that were fed POMM50, POMM75, and POMM100%. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival rate (SR) were not significantly affected by experimental diets. Daily feed intake (DFI), and daily protein intake (DPI), decreased as POMM increased in diets. Compared to POMM0 experimental group, condition factor (K), showed a significantly higher value in fish that were fed POMM50, and POMM100 experimental diets. Crude fiber of the final whole body of POMM100 resulted in significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to that shown in fish fed the rest of the experimental diets. Acid and alkaline proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and amylase of Nile tilapia fingerlings, were not significantly affected by experimental diets. Compared to fish fed POMM0 and POMM25 diets, experimental fish fed POMM50, POMM75, and POMM100 showed a reduction in lipase activity. In conclusion, a POMM level higher than 25% affects growth and lipase activity. While a POMM level higher than 50% affects fiber content in a whole body of the final fish.

Agro-industrial waste based substrate for production of two major cultivated oyster mushrooms in sub-Himalayan West Bengall

Aim: To compare the outcomes of various agro-industrial wastes on the growth, yield and nutritional contents of two major cultivated oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor. Methodology: Locally available agro-industrial wastes were utilized as substrate in five formulations including rice straw alone and in combination with card board (7: 3), waste paper (7: 3), rice husk (17:3) and jack fruit saw dust (7:3). After sterilization substrates were inoculated with mature spawn and placed in cropping room. Results: Total yield, biological efficiency and nutritional contents were found better in the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor cultivated on rice straw as the sole substrate than the mixed substrate formulations. Total colonization period (22.6 days for P. ostreatus and 20.2 days for P. djamor) was quite less for both the oyster mushroom cultivated in rice husk mixed substrate among mixed substrate formulations. Among mixed substrate formulations, highest total yield was obtained from waste paper mixed substrate for Pleurotus ostreatus (713.8 g) and card board mixed substrate for Pleurotus djamor (737.7 g). The highest carbohydrate content in Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor were found in card board mixed substrate. Total protein content was high in fruiting bodies cultivated on saw dust mixed substrate for both the oyster mushrooms. Interpretation: Card board, waste paper, rice husk and saw dust mixed substrates showed relatively high fruiting body yield and nutritional values. It can be concluded that these agro-industrial waste appears to be the promising ingredients in combination with rice straw for cultivation of oyster mushroom. Key words: Agro-Industrial waste, Nutrition, Oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus, Rice straw

Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma.

One of the biggest challenges in developing effective therapies against glioblastoma is overcoming the strong immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy to turn the immune system response against tumor cells. Glioma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) are major drivers of such anti-inflammatory scenarios. Therefore, enhancing the anti-cancerous response in GAMs may represent a potential co-adjuvant therapy to treat glioblastoma patients. In that vein, fungal β-glucan molecules have long been known as potent immune modulators. Their ability to stimulate the innate immune activity and improve treatment response has been described. Those modulating features are partly attributed to their ability to bind to pattern recognition receptors, which, interestingly, are greatly expressed in GAMs. Thus, this work is focused on the isolation, purification, and subsequent use of fungal β-glucans to enhance the tumoricidal response of microglia against glioblastoma cells. The mouse glioblastoma (GL261) and microglia (BV-2) cell lines are used to test the immunomodulatory properties of four different fungal β-glucans extracted from mushrooms heavily used in the current biopharmaceutical industry: Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus djamor, Hericium erinaceus,and Ganoderma lucidum. To test these compounds, co-stimulation assays were performed to measure the effect of a pre-activated microglia-conditioned medium on the proliferation and apoptosis activation in glioblastoma cells.

Screening of Conditions for Manganese Peroxidase Production from White Rot Fungi (Pleurotus djamor)

The need for alternative and environmentally friendly methods for waste clean-up has led to the use of enzymes in bioremediation. In this study, white rot fungi were isolated from decaying plant parts using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. The isolated fungi were identified and screened using standard substrates (2, 6-DMP) to determine their capability to produce manganese peroxidase. Pure manganese peroxidase was achieved after four distinct purification phases. Crude extract of the homogenate proteins obtained through optimized submerged fermentation system were precipitated using ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate used at 60% concentration at pH 4.5 precipitated proteins with highest Manganese peroxidase activity (322 U/mg). The precipitated proteins were desalted through dialysis for twelve hours with buffer exchange at interval of six hours and activity of 343.91 U/mg was recorded afterwards. DEAE-cellulose was used for the ion exchange purification of the dialyzed protein, NaCl gradients of 0.3-0.6 M was found to be best in washing off bound protein from the exchange resin and activity of 434.18 U/mg was recorded from the pooled fraction tubes. Sephadex G-100 was used for separation of the proteins into molecular sizes and weights. 2.8 purification folds of the enzyme were achieved after ion exchange (DEAE-cellulose) and gel filtration (sephadex G-100) with percentage yield of 2.20%. Specific activity of the enzyme increased to 602.00% after gel filtration. The partial purified enzyme was further characterized for determination of optimal pH (4.5), temperature (40 OC) and kinetic properties Km of 3.4 mM and Vmax of 250µmol/min.

Feasibility study for mercury remediation by selenium competition in Pleurotus mushrooms

Mushrooms may incorporate significant levels of Hg making its consumption harmful to human health. Mercury remediation induced by Se competition in edible mushrooms represents a valuable alternative since Se plays effective roles against Hg uptake, accumulation, and toxicity. In this way, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor were cultivated on Hg-contaminated substrate simultaneously supplemented with Se(IV) or Se(VI) under different dosages in this study. The protective role of Se was assessed taking into account morphological characteristics and Hg and Se total concentrations determined by ICP-MS, as well as proteins and protein-bound Hg and Se distribution by SEC-UV-ICP-MS, and Hg speciation studies (Hg(II) and MeHg) by HPLC-ICP-MS. Both Se(IV) and Se(VI) supplementation were able to recover the morphology mainly of Hg-contaminated Pleurotus ostreatus. The mitigation effects induced by Se(IV) stood out more than Se(VI) in terms of Hg incorporation, decreasing the total Hg concentration up to 96 %. Also, it was found that supplementation mainly with Se(IV) reduced the fraction of Hg bound to medium molecular weight compounds (17–44 kDa) up to 80 %. Finally, it was shown a Se-induced inhibitory effect on Hg methylation, decreasing MeHg species content in mushrooms exposed to Se(IV) (51.2 µg g−1) up to 100 %.

Control of Meloidogyne javanica with Pleurotus djamor spent mushroom substrate

BackgroundThe interest in the development of products that cause less damage to the environment associated with the loss of efficiency of chemical nematicides for the control management of nematodes is growing. Thus, the adoption of biological control or the use of biopesticides are excellent options for these products like those based on chemical compounds, such as commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a product of the mushroom production industry, has great potential for biological control due to its high levels of mycelium, residual enzymes, high humidity and unique microbiota that may contain other nematode antagonists. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from Pleurotus djamor cultivation in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in lettuce and assess its effects on plant resistance enzymes and soil biological activity.ResultsSMS reduced by 98.68% the nematode reproduction, and a plateau was reached at SMS concentrations above 15%. For the population density of nematode (nematode g-1 root), this reduction was 99,75%. Higher concentrations of SMS caused phytotoxicity in lettuce, with reduction of vegetative variables, chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance in the leaves; however, SMS increased the anthocyanin content. Guaiacol peroxidase activity was the highest in treatments containing 0% and 30% SMS and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was the highest in the 60% SMS treatment, suggesting induction of resistance to M. javanica. The maximum soil basal respiration was estimated to be achieved with 25.75% SMS, whereas the maximum soil metabolic quotient was estimated to be achieved with 8.8% SMS. Soil biomass carbon increased with increasing SMS proportion.ConclusionsSpent substrate from P. djamor cultivation incorporated in soil at proportions of 15, 30, 45 and 60% is efficient in controlling M. javanica in lettuce.Graphical

Effect of Partial Meat Replacement by Hibiscus sabdariffa By-Product and Pleurotus djamor Powder on the Quality of Beef Patties.

The effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle; Hs) by-product (2-5%) and Pleurotus djamor (pink oyster; Pd) powder (5-7.5%) as meat replacers on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of beef patties were analyzed. The addition of these non-meat ingredients significantly decreased moisture and increased fiber content, and did not affect the protein level of the product. The antioxidant effect of the roselle by-product was limited, while Pleurotus djamor favored the oxidation processes. The samples supplemented with roselle by-product and mushroom powder presented significantly lower microbial counts (total viable counts, enterobacteria, and Pseudomonas) than control, but texture and sensorial parameters were significantly affected. The patties darkened due to the presence of the Hibiscus by-product, while the color of the samples containing 5% Pleurotus djamor was hardly modified. These samples, together with the control samples, were the most sensorially appreciated. The addition of these ingredients provoked a decrease in texture parameters, being less pronounced in the samples with only 2% of roselle by-product. In spite of the good antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Hibiscus by-products, its inclusion in meat should be moderate (2-2.5%) to avoid consumer rejection when Pleurotus djamor is also included in the formulation.

Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Interest in Pleurotus djamor Using Agave tequilana Bagasse

Agro-industrial residues represent more than 60% of organic wastes worldwide, which could be used to generate other by-products or to be incorporated into other production chains. For example, bagasse is a waste from the tequila industry in Mexico that could be implemented for mushroom cultivation. Additionally, the substrate influences the growth, development, and production of secondary metabolites of fungi. This work presents a comparative experiment that studies the metabolite production in Pleurotus djamor mushrooms on agave bagasse and barley straw (traditional substrate). The biological efficiency (BE), yield, phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, tannins, and the identification of low molecular weight metabolites were evaluated. Five treatments were proposed according to the following mixtures of agave bagasse: barley straw: T1 (1:0), T2 (3:1), T3 (1:1), T4 (1:3), and T5 (0:1). T2 had the highest yield (13.39 ± 3.23%), BE (56.7 ± 13.71%), and flavonoids (44.25 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g); T3 obtained the highest phenol content (230.27 mg GAE/g); and T1 the highest tannins content (0.23 mg (+) catechin equivalent (CE)/g). Finally, T1 and T5 are the ones that present the greatest number of primary metabolites, including hydroxycitric acid, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-mannose, paromomycin, palmitic acid, pyrrole, mannitol, and DL arabinose, while in T2, T3, and T4 only two chemical compounds were found present (palmitic acid and pyrrole in T2, silicic acid and pyrrole in T3 and 2-deoxy-D-galactose and quinoline in T4). The cultivation substrate influences the concentration of bioactive molecules in the fruiting bodies of P. djamor. Additionally, P. djamor's degradation of agave bagasse residue generates a potential application for agro-industrial residue management at a low cost.

Vegan shrimp alternative made with pink oyster and lion’s mane mushrooms: Nutritional profiles, presence of conjugated phenolic acids, and prototyping

The increasing demand for seafood is responsible for many environmental impacts, especially caused by aquaculture. Shrimp accounts for a substantial part of seafood production and therefore also for negative effects associated with it. This work aimed to develop a mushroom-based shrimp analogue with a texture similar to shrimp using the fruiting bodies of pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) and lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus). Three flushes of pink oyster mushrooms and a first flush of lion’s mane mushroom were analysed regarding their nutritional composition and whether they are suitable shrimp alternatives. The two mushrooms are rich in proteins (∼32% and ∼26% w/w for the first flush of pink oyster and lion’s mane, respectively). The protein content of pink oyster mushroom decreased and the dietary fibre content increased across the different flushes. The antioxidants in the mushrooms were extracted using different methods, whereby aqueous extracts mostly excelled in terms of antioxidant activity. Hydrolysis confirmed the presence of conjugated p-coumaric acid in both mushrooms and possibly conjugated caffeic acid in pink oyster. Texture analysis results of the prototypes were close to the values of fried shrimp. However, although the sensory qualities of the final prototypes were perceived as similar to shrimp, further improvements in the recipe are necessary to make the prototypes indistinguishable from shrimp.

In Silico Characterization of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of the Pink (Pleurotus djamor var. salmoneostramineus) Oyster Mushroom Chromoprotein.

Cap color is an important commercial trait for oyster mushrooms. Various pigment constituents determine a diverse color. However, the pigments of oyster mushrooms are still ambiguous. The pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus salmoneostramineus or Pleurotus djamor) chromoprotein is one of the few proteins belonging to this fungus that has a record of its sequence of amino acid residues. However, even though there are studies about this chromoprotein isolation, purification, and crystallization, the current information focused on its 3-dimensional model and the cofactor and prosthetic group (3H-indol-3-one) binding sites is unreliable and fragmented. Therefore, in this study, using free online servers such as Prot pi, GalaxyWEB, MIB, and CB-Dock2, a structural analysis and the prediction of its physicochemical and biological properties were conducted, to understand the possible function of this chromoprotein. The obtained results showed that this molecule is a protein with a molecular weight of 23 712.5 Da, an isoelectric point of 7.505, with oligomerization capacity in a dimer and glycation in the Ser6 residue. In addition, the participation of the residues Leu5, Leu8, Lys211, Ala214, and Gln215 in the binding of the prosthetic group to the protein was highlighted; as well as Ser6 and Pro7 are important residues for the interaction of the Mg2+ ion and eumelanin. Likewise, morphological changes based on different culture conditions (light/dark) showed that this protein is constitutive expressed and independent of blue light. The findings in this study demonstrate that pink chromoprotein is a melanosomal protein, and it possibly has a critical role in melanogenesis and the melanin polymerization. However, more experimental studies are needed to predict a possible mechanism of action and type of enzymatic activity.

Isolation, identification, and fermentation characteristics of endogenous lactic acid bacteria derived from edible mushrooms

A total of 83 acid-producing strains were isolated from fresh Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus abalones, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus by CaCO3-MRS plate medium. These 83 strains were divided into 9 species, including 52 strains of Lactococcus lactis, 13 strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus, 8 strains of Enterococcus faecium, 3 strains of Lactococcus garvieae, 2 strains of Enterococcus casseliflavus, 2 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 strain of Enterococcus lactis, 1 strain of Pediococcus acidilactici, and 1 strain of Lactobacillus pentosus based on the catalase test, Gram staining, and 16S rDNA molecular identification. Among these P. acidilactici, P. pentosus, and L. plantarum could be used in food. P. acidilactici had a strong acid-producing capacity and fast growth rate, thus showing preferable fermentation characteristics in MRS broth and edible mushroom medium than P. pentosus and L. plantarum. In the medium of L. edodes, P. eryngii, and F. velutipes, the best sensory state can be reached within 12-24 h, among them P. eryngii had the best fermentation effect, which was characterized by uniform and bright color, moderate acidity, good flavor, and tight tissue state. This study investigated the types and fermentation characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from edible mushrooms, enriched the resources of LAB suitable for the fermentation, and provided a theoretical reference for the application of LAB fermentation technology of edible mushrooms.

Screening of conditions for manganese peroxidase production from white rot fungi (Pleurotus djamor)

Screening of conditions for manganese peroxidase production from white rot fungi (Pleurotus djamor)

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity and DNA Protective Properties of the Pink Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus djamor (Agaricomycetes).

In this study, pink oyster mushroom Pleurotus djamor was cultivated using wheat straw (WS), quinoa stalk (QS), and their mixtures (WS-QS (1:1)) as substrate and evaluated in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and DNA protective effects. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli), dermatophyte (Trichophyton sp.) and yeast (Candida tropicalis) were used in the study. It was found to be very active against all bacteria (except S. mutans and S. typhi), and dermatophyte when compared to the control groups (8.7-33.3 mm), but low against C. tropicalis. It was seen that the best total antioxidant assay (TAS) value was 2.05 mmol/L on WS-QS (1:1). Depend on, it was determined that the total oxidant assay (TOS) value (5.26 μmol/L) in the same compost was lower than the others, and also the scavenging effect of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was higher on WS at 25 mg/mL (84.20%). The methanol extract on WS at a concentration of 400 μg/mL, significantly reduced the percentage of viability in the human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line (2.2%). The methanol extracts on WS and QS medium were found to inhibit DNA damage induced by UV radiation and H2O2 at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. These results showed that pink oyster mushroom has benefits such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and DNA protective effects.

Effects of different biomass on the properties of Pleurotus Djamor eco-friendly foam

Plastic waste and polyurethane foam are major sources of pollution that threatens environments’ biodiversity. The objective of the study is to create an eco-friendly foam from Pleorotus djamor mycelium, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse. The mushroom industry’s overabundance of materials, like oyster mushrooms and biomass, has provided an alternative method to make foam that could be beneficial for the environment. The biomass, consisting of rice husk and sugarcane bagasse, both of which are necessary for the production of foam, was evaluated as a substrate. Pleurotus djamor was inoculated on both substrates and test was done on both produced foams. Mechanical tests showed that rice husk foam had higher hardness and less springy than sugarcane bagasse foam. The morphology of both foams was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results show that sugarcane bagasse foam is denser than rice husk foam.