Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaf Extract Research Articles

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Plectranthus amboinicus Leaf Extract

This study investigates the environmental friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of well-crystalline ZnO nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 42 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles within the extract, indicating their impact on Plectranthus amboinicus growth. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the high nanoparticle purity, while FTIR spectral analysis identifies the organic compounds involved in the synthesis. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy shows a reduced bandgap energy in the green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicates a mean particle size of 11 nm with a significant stability. These nanoparticles exhibit exceptional antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-negative bacteria. This eco-friendly synthesis method offers cost-effectiveness, safety and sustainability, promising diverse applications in the antimicrobial therapies, food preservation and water treatment, addressing various industrial challenges.

Green synthesis of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract incorporated fine-tuned manganese dioxide nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

Plectranthus amboinicus Manganese dioxide (PA-MnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) using Plectranthus amboinicus (P. amboinicus) leaf extract at room temperature. A dark brown colour appeared after the addition of leaf extract to the solution of KMnO4. PA-MnO2 nanoparticles showed absorbance maximum at 324 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study of particle size and morphology revealed that PA-MnO2 nanoparticles have spherical structures in shape. The electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Mn and O in the sample. Fourier Transforms infrared spectra of PA-MnO2 nanoparticles show the occurrence of O-Mn-O vibrational mode at around 515 cm-1. Based on the spectral and morphological data confirms the prepared compounds are nanometer in size. The structural investigation of MnO2 nanoparticles using the powder X-ray diffraction method reveals that the nanoparticles have a tetragonal configuration. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements were used to estimate crystallite grain diameter. The size of the crystalline grains is 7.5 nm. The PA-MnO2 nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against various gram positive bacteria like as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Stap. Pneumoniae and B. subtilis and various gram negative bacterial strains like as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, p. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa than standard drug ciprofloxacin. Antifungal activity of PA-MnO2 nanoparticles exhibited abnormal character against various fungal strains such as A. niger, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and M. campestris than the standard drug nystatin. Free radical scavenging study by DPPH assay showed enhanced activity by increasing the concentration of PA-MnO2. This study shows simple and eco-friendly synthesis of PA-MnO2 nanoparticles by plant extract. PA-MnO2 nanoparticles by green approach have potential to resolve emerging drug resistance against pathogenic diseases.

Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO with rice field crab chitosan and plectranthus amboinicus extract

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the development of hybrid nanomaterials for health and photocatalytic applications. This study describes the ecofriendly strategy for synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles immobilized chitosan (CS) obtained by deacetylation of rice field crab Paratelphusa hydrodromous shells in presence of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract (PLE). The resulting CS-ZnO-PLE hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, UV–Vis-DRS, HR-SEM, TEM, TGA and BET analysis. The HR-SEM study reveals that the CS-ZnO shows hexagonal structure after intercalation of PLE, their structure changed to hierarchical flower-like structure. Presence of reactive functional groups in the chitosan and phytochemicals such as thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole etc in the leaf extract plays a major role in the stabilization of the CS-ZnO-PLE hybrid nanocomposite. Spectroscopic findings reveal that photon energy from sunlight induces an electron that can be transferred from photoexcited chitosan to the conduction band of ZnO NP, which induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2, ●OH and ●O2− are responsible for effective antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. The CS-ZnO-PLE hybrid nanocomposite shows enhanced photocatalytic degradation on methylene blue (∼98.97%) and drimarene red (∼87.43%) than CS-ZnO 67.53% and 30.46% respectively in the duration of 1 h exposure. The antibacterial activity was investigated in terms of inhibition zones using S.aureus and E.Coli bacterial strains and their inhibition zones were found to be 21 and 20 nm. These results provide valuable information for development of alternative chitosan material from rice field crab shells for high efficient photocatalytic and antibacterial activity with metal oxides.

Phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extracts

The present study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract using petroleum ether, methanol and water as solvents. The antimicrobial activity of P. amboinicus leaf extracts were examined against the selected bacterial and fungal isolates namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. FT –IR analysis was performed to identify the presence of functional groups in the methanol extract. The results of the study revealed the presence of distinctive active secondary metabolites in the tested leaf extract. The results revealed that the methanol extract exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial and fungal isolates when compared with aqueous and petroleum ether extracts. The FT-IR analysis reveals the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, amines, alkynes, ketones and carboxylic acid in the methanolic extract of P. amboinicus. Thus, P. amboinicus leaves are effective against the selected microbes and recommends that the plant derived phytochemicals are comparatively safer than synthetic alternative, thereby contributing insightful remedial benefits for the treatment of diseases.

Green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its supercapacitive performance

Green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its supercapacitive performance

Plectranthus amboinicus Leaf Extract Synthesized Spherical like-TiO2 Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application

Plectranthus amboinicus Leaf Extract Synthesized Spherical like-TiO2 Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application

Electrochemical Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco Products Based on Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles.

In this work, gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized via Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract as the reducing agent. A series of techniques were used for sample analysis. The biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (bAuNPs) are a uniform size with a spherical shape. The FTIR analysis reveals the presence of many oxygen-containing functional groups on the bAuNP surface. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic characterizations reveal that while the bAuNPs have a slightly lower conductivity than chemically synthesized AuNPs (cAuNPs). However, the bAuNPs have a superior electrocatalytic performance toward nicotine reduction. After optimization, the bAuNP-modified SPE could detect nicotine linearly from 10 to 2,000 μM with a low detection limit of 2.33 μM. In addition, the bAuNPs/SPE have been successfully used for nicotine-containing-product analysis.

Biogenic synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract

In this investigationα-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by biogenic route using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract. The XRD studies confirmed the rhombohedral structure and the SEM analysis revealed the spherical nature with the average size of the 100 nm. Desired elements Fe and O were identified using the EDAX spectrum. The chemical groups present in the sample were identified from the FTIR spectroscopy and the strong absorption band at 560 cm−1 and 466 cm−1 is due to the existence of Fe-O bonding. The optical property of the specimen was analysed using UV–Visible spectroscopy and the calculations showed that the energy gap(Eg) is around 3.2 eV. The sample was tested for its antibacterial and antifungal activity with a selective species of gram-positive and gram-negative strains and showed an active inhibitory zone with some species. In summary, it was concluded that the non-toxic Plectranthus amboinicus leaf mediated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles might be suitable for photocatalytic applications in the visible range.

Investigation of structural and optical properties of NiO nanoparticles mediated by Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract

Nickel oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by biogenic synthesis method using nickel nitrate as the precursor, mediated by Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract. The structure of the sample was identified using XRD and confirmed that the particles are with good crystalline nature with an average size is around 100 nm. The morphological and Elemental composition was analysed with SEM and EDAX analysis. There are some agglomerates because of bio molecules present in the leaf extract. The functional groups were identified using FTIR spectroscopy and the strong absorption peak at 452 cm−1 confirms the presence of Ni-O vibration. The bandgap of the synthesized NiO particles was calculated from the Tauc plot based on UV–Vis spectroscopy and found that the value of the energy gap is 3.6 eV. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss concerning various temperatures was calculated and the sample was tested for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. It showed a moderate positive effect in antibacterial test and a positive reaction in the antifungal activity against the fungal strain Candida.

Green biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and their application for electrochemical determination of norfloxacin

Nanoparticle synthesis using plants is an alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. In this article, we demonstrate the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus. The prepared ZnO NPs have been characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biosynthesized ZnO NPs then applied for electrode surface modification. The modified electrode was successfully used for electrochemical determination norfloxacin. The comparison results show that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs had a superior electrochemical performance towards norfloxacin detection compared with that of bare electrode and chemically synthesized ZnO NPs.

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST URINARY TRACT PATHOGENS

Objective: The objective of the present study is to synthesize green mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against selected urinary tract infection (UTI) causing bacteria.
 Methods: Phytoconstituents present in leaf extract of P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng were analyzed by standard qualitative tests. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by visual inspection, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs was examined against the UTI pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgNPs were carried out by broth dilution method and standard plate count method, respectively.
 Results: Synthesized AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with an average size of 17.3 nm. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against tested bacterial pathogens showed a maximum inhibition zone of 22.00±1.00 mm against P. aeruginosa. The bacterial growth inhibition was confirmed by MIC and MBC.
 Conclusion: P. amboinicus leaf extract mediated AgNPs could be used as an effective antibacterial agent for the management of UTIs. Surface modifications of urinary catheters with AgNPs may prevent the risk of contamination and the associated infections.

Preparation gold nanoparticles using herb leaf extract for electro-oxidation determination of ascorbic acid

Green and efficient synthetic methods have been gaining great interest for the preparation of nanoparticles. In this contribution, the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and its electro-oxidation activity for determination of ascorbic acid was studied. The biosynthesis of Au NPs was carried out using the Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract as reducing agent and stabilizer. The optical property of biosynthesized Au NPs was determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. We further investigated the electro-catalytic property of the biosynthesized Au NPs by electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid.

Biosíntesis de nanopartículas de plata por extractos de hoja de Plectranthus amboinicus y su actividad catalítica hacia la degradación de azul de metileno

Synthesis of nano-material with the controlled size and shape is the prime concern of research in nanotechnology. In this study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were carried out using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract as reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs was characterized by using X-ray diraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. We further investigated the catalytic property of the biosynthesized Ag NPs by degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of sodium borohydride. Compared with commercial Ag NPs, the proposed Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract-deduced Ag NPs exhibited a much higher catalytic performance due to the well dispersibility caused by the attachment of biomolecules on the Ag NPs surface.

Electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations on the inhibitive interaction of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract with mild steel in hydrochloric acid

Abstract The corrosion inhibition property of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracts for mild steel in HCl has been studied using EIS and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Two main constituents of the leaf thymol and 1,8-cineole were also monitored for their inhibition behaviour, both in the individual form and in combination with each other. EIS studies revealed that the dried and fresh leaf extracts of PA (PADE and PAFE) show fairly good inhibition efficiencies (upto 98% for PADE and 93% for PAFE) in the studied system. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed the mixed type inhibition behaviour of the extracts. The synergism studies and theoretical calculations done using Gaussian 03 program revealed that the combination of thymol and cineole exhibited enhanced inhibition efficiency compared to the individual forms. The weight loss measurements also revealed the inhibition potential of the extracts. The mode of adsorption of the extracts was found obeying Langmuir isotherm.

Hydrothermal preparation of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its electrochemical performance.

Graphene based nanocomposites are receiving increasing attention in many fields such as material chemistry, environmental science and pharmaceutical science. In this study, a facial synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite (RGO-Ag) was carried out from Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and UV-vis spectroscopy for structural confirmation. The reduction of graphene oxide and silver ions was achieved simultaneously due to the reducibility of the Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract. We further investigated the electrochemical properties of the biosynthesized RGO-Ag nanocomposite. A nonenzymatic H2O2 electrochemical sensor was shown to be successfully fabricated by using biosynthesized RGO-Ag nanocomposite. Moreover, the fabricated electrochemical sensor also showed good selectivity.

Angiogenesis modulation by Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its fractions on chorioallantoic membrane and tumor induced angiogenesis

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the angiogenesis modulation by Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its fractions on Chorioallantoic membrane and tumour induced angiogenesis. Powdered leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus were extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus. The dried extract was subjected to qualitative, quantitative analysis and assessed for its potential free radical scavenging activity. The effect of crude methanol extract on vascularisation was assessed in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The extract was then fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol and the fractions were evaluated for angiogenesis inhibitory activity by CAM assay. The potent fraction and crude extract were evaluated for angiogenesis inhibitory activity in murine ascites tumour model of Erhlich ascites carcinoma. The fraction was subjected to Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The crude methanol extract showed a significant inhibitory activity on vascularisation in CAM model. Among the fractions, n-butanol fraction showed a potent angiogenesis inhibition in CAM model. In peritoneal lining of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice, crude methanol extract and n-butanol fraction showed a significant decrease in number of blood vessels compared to EAC control mice. The preliminary qualitative and quantitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds and showed a potent free radical scavenging activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of (1) Phenol 2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-, (2) Phenol 2,6-dimethoxy, (3) 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, (4) Phenol 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl (5) 3-Methyl-4-isopropylphenol in n-butanol fraction of Plectranthus amboinicus. These results demonstrate the anti-angiogenic activity of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves. The plant may serve as potential source for protection and treatment of cancer and could bring hope to millions of sufferers with cancer.

Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract–assisted biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity

This article demonstrates the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. SEM study reveals that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibits a rod shape structure with an average size of 88nm. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum study indicates the band gap of biosynthesized ZnO NPs is 3.07eV. Photocatalytic property of the ZnO NPs was investigated by photodegradation of methyl red (MR) under UV illumination. The photocatalytic performance of biosynthesized ZnO NPs was compared with hydrothermal synthesized ZnO NPs and P25. Results show that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs owing a superior photocatalytic activity towards degradation of MR.

Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and blood sucking mosquito larvae

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using the leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Pam-ZnO NPs). The synthesized Pam-ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM and XRD analysis. TEM analysis of Pam-ZnO NPs showed the average size of about 20–50nm. Pam-ZnO NPs control the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms (MRSA ATCC 33591) at the concentration of 8–10μg/ml. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images revealed that Pam-ZnO NPs strongly inhibited the biofilm forming ability of S. aureus. In addition, Pam-ZnO NPs showed 100% mortality of fourth instar mosquito larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus at the concentration of 8 and 10μg/ml. The histopathological studies of Pam-ZnO NPs treated A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus larvae revealed the presence of damaged cells and tissues in the mid-gut. The damaged tissues suffered major changes including rupture and disintegration of epithelial layer and cellular vacuolization. The present study conclude that Pam-ZnO NPs showed effective control of S. aureus biofilms and mosquito larvae by damaging the mid gut cells.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity

This study reports the simple green synthesis method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract. The pathway of nanoparticles formation is by means of reduction of AgNO3 by leaf extract, which acts as both reducing and capping agents. Synthesized Ag NPs were subjected to different characterizations for studying the structural, chemical, morphological, optical and antimicrobial properties. The bright circular fringes in SAED pattern and diffraction peaks in XRD profile reveals high crystalline nature of biosynthesized Ag NPs. Morphological studies shows the formation of nearly spherical nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum confirms the existence of various functional groups of biomolecules capping the nanoparticles. UV–visible spectrum displays single SPR band at 428nm indicating the absence of anisotropic particles. The synthesized Ag NPs exhibited better antimicrobial property towards gram negative Escherichia coli and towards tested Penicillium spp. than other tested microorganisms using disc diffusion method. Finally it has proven that the synthesized bio-inspired Ag NPs have potent antimicrobial effect.

Alcoholic leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus regulates carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Objective:The present investigation was undertaken to explore the possible mechanisms of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:Control and alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats received different treatments; orally control (vehicle), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (PAEE) and 600 μg/kg of glibenclamide (standard) for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism were measured in the liver.Results:Diabetic control rats showed a significant elevation (P < 0.001) in fasting blood glucose on successive days of the experiment as compared with their basal values, which was maintained over a period of 2 weeks. Daily oral treatment with PAEE showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the blood glucose levels on successive days of the experiment as compared with their basal values. The most pronounced antihyperglycemic effect was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg. PAEE shows a dose-dependent reduction in gluconeogenic enzymes like glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-disphosphatase. After 15 days of treatment with PAEE, glycolytic enzymes like phosphoglucoisomerase resulted in a significant increase with a concomitant significant decrease in the activities of aldolase. On the other hand, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly improved in diabetic rats on administration of PAEE; the 400 mg/kg dose of PAEE elicited a more potent effect compared with the 200 mg/kg dose.Conclusion:The results obtained in this study provide evidence of the antidiabetic activity of PAEE, mediated through the regulation of carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities.