Pleasing Appearance Research Articles

Packaging materials and articles for food: legislation and codes of good manufacturing practice

The basic objectives of food packaging materials are to provide safety and to pre- vent physical damage of the product, to retain or improve sensory characteristics, to offer a pleasing appearance, to be functional, to facilitate distribution, to give dimensional stability, but also to be compatible with the requirements regulated by the law. Consumers’ demands for an extended shelf life of the product, as well as increased competition in the packaging industry, foster the need for continuous growth and application of innovative solutions for food packaging. While the tradi- tional packaging acts as a passive barrier toward atmospheric effects, the innovative packaging systems offer “active” interactions with the foodstuff, providing increased shelf life and improved quality of the product. The selection of the appropriate pack- aging material is influenced by many factors, and, among many packaging materi- als offered on the market, polymer materials and articles have a significant place. On the other hand, some interactions occur between the plastics and the food in contact. The migration of the low-molecular-weight components from the polymer packaging to the packed food is emphasized when the so-called active and intelli- gent systems are used. Therefore, all the issues related to the packaging materials for food and the substances used as part of the packaging systems, are elaborated in the directives and regulations of the materials and articles intended to come in contact with the food.

Influence of facial index, facial profile, lip size, and angulations of teeth on gingival characteristics of anterior teeth: A gender-based evaluation.

A prime component in an esthetic and pleasing appearance of face is the proportionate presence of different compositions of the face. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between facial index, facial form, lip size, and angulation of anterior teeth with periodontal phenotype in males and females. This cross-sectional study included 100 consecutive periodontally healthy orthodontic patients equally divided based on gender in two groups. The facial parameters including the Facial index (FI), lip size, and Gingival thickness (GT) for maxillary and mandibular incisors were measured using a digital vernier calliper. Maxillary and mandibular incisors inclination was measured using cephalometric analysis. Significant differences were observed among both the genders in terms of FI and facial forms, upper lip size, and angulations of mandibular anterior teeth and the periodontal phenotype. The GT was found to be strongly associated with the FI and mandibular anterior teeth angulation. The FI, and teeth inclinations are associated with the GT and shows sexual dimorphism. The evaluation of the periodontal phenotype and anthropometric parameters is essential during diagnosis and treatment planning for potential orthodontic patients and prediction of its influence on the periodontal tissues. The gingival thickness varies with the facial index, facial form, teeth inclination, and lip size and thereby can be used to predict the pros and cons of orthodontic treatment and the need for prior periodontal therapy.

Ocular defect rehabilitation in battle causality with custom made ocular prosthesis – A case report

The disability associated with the loss of an eye can cause significant physical, psychological and emotional disturbances. A maxillofacial Prosthodontist can boost the physical and psychological well being of such patients by restoration of functional and esthetic requirements. A 30 year old male serving soldier who sustained a blast injury to the left eye during a counter insurgency operation in the northern sector of the country was referred to Department of Prosthodontics for prosthetic rehabilitation of missing left eye. A custom made heat polymerized polymethyl methaacrylate ocular prosthesis was fabricated for the patient which restored normal opening of the eye, some degree of movements and esthetically pleasing appearance. Keywords: Ocular defect, Custom ocular prosthesis.

Experimental and numerical assessment of new precast concrete connections under bending loads

The sections of the precast concrete building elements are, most of the times, weakened due to ‘cut-offs’, for their pleasant appearance and easy dry jointing at construction sites. This paper experimentally and numerically evaluates the bending strength of nine precast concrete dry joints, interconnected as ‘beam-to-beam’ and/or ‘beam-to-column’ connections. The intricate geometries of the tested specimens-inspired by improved carpentry, or even wooden puzzles-were made with reinforced self-compacting Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC), cast in formworks manufactured by a 3D plastic printer. Post-tensioning was, also, applied to these concrete sections, for further amplification of the performance of the elements. Then, the specimens were subjected to bending loads under the load test machine, and the load–displacement measurements were correlated with the results of the numerical models. It was concluded that, certain beam connections could produce up to 85% strength of the respective intact sections.

532 Early Debridement and Cultured Allogenic Keratinocyte Dressing Prevent Hypertrophic Scarring in Infants with Deep Dermal Burns

Abstract Introduction Deep dermal burns are frequently treated with excision and skin grafting. Otherwise, wound healing may take up to 4 to 6 weeks, with serious scarring. Especially in pediatric patients, post-burn scarring could result in psychologic trauma and functional disability. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of early debridement and dressing using cultured allogenic keratinocytes in infants with deep dermal burns to prevent hypertrophic scarring. Methods From April 2016 to April 2018, 18 infants were treated for deep dermal burns. Except for 5 infants who underwent skin grafting or excision, 13 infants were included in this study. We performed early debridement in these patients using Hydrosurgery device and serial dressings using cultured allogenic keratinocytes. Results The average operative date was 8.3 days after the accident. The mean healing time was 18.3 days after the accident. The patients did not experience any contraction, but 3 patients had hyperpigmentation, 2 patients had mild hypertrophic scarring, and 1 patient had mixed pigmentation (hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation). Conclusions Our prophylactic scar therapy, using early debridement with VersajetTM and dressings with Kaloderm®, may be beneficial for infants with dermal burns. This method was able to shorten the healing time, resulting in better scar outcomes. Our follow-up findings revealed that the scars had an aesthetically pleasing appearance and patients were able to perform normal activities without restrictions. Applicability of Research to Practice Burn scars are painful regardless of their seriousness. They restrict the function of the body, are aesthetically unappealing, and may feel unpleasant. Patients with a post-burn scar may have aesthetic, functional, and psychological problems. In particular, infant patients experience difficulties due to scarring as they grow up.

Оценкa эффективности эстетических результатов современных методов определения цвета зубов в ортопедической стоматологии

Abstracts. Shade matching is one of the most important factor in a successful and esthetically restoration. The number of mistakes made by dentists when choosing a color is 14 % (according to Barna), 9.9 % (according to Moser) and 8.2 % (according to Mc Maugh). The ability to consistently match shades accurately can help reduce the number of unsatisfactory esthetic results treatment. Matching the right color leads to a pleasing appearance and satisfaction for the patient and the clinician. Color determination in dentistry can be divided into two categories visual and instrumental. The most popular shade guides include visual classical shade the Vita Classical and are clustered into letter groups A (red-yellow), B (yellow), C (grey), D (red-yellow-gray), and chroma designated with the numerical values (e.g. A1). Used computerassisted shade analysis is more accurate and more consistent compared with human shade assessment. The objective of the study a comparative assess of the esthetic indicators of the prosthodontics treatment when determining color using visual and instrumental methods. For the period from 2015–2020 prosthodontic treatment of 158 patients with dental defects was performed. To assess the esthetic results of treatment, the patient was divided into 2 groups. In 1 group (n = 82) patients, the color determination of the prosthodontics design was carried out using standard colors according to the usual VITA scale. In 2 group (n = 76) patients, the color determination of the prosthodontics design was carried out using a color measuring device VITA Easy shade Compact. The results showed that the Vita Easy Shade machine was accurate 97.5 %, visual evaluation method was accurate 85.2 %. This study reveals that esthetic results is a significant factor in patient satisfaction, which should be evaluated. Instrumental methods for determining the color of teeth are more accurate than visual and do not depend on the subjective sensations and psychological factors of the dentist. At the moment, the combination of the Vita Easy shade system and the 3D Vita scale is the most effective in determining tooth shade or restoration. However, the instrumental method cannot replace traditional methods. Digital techniques should be a must in addition to visual analysis.

Optimization of cables size and prestressing force for a single pylon cable-stayed bridge with Jaya algorithm

In recent years, due to the many advantages cable-stayed bridges have often constructed in medium and long span. These advantages can be listed as an aesthetically pleasing appearance, economic and easy construction, etc. The main structural elements of cable-stayed bridges are listed as deck, pylon, cables and foundation. Perhaps one of the most vital and expensive of these structural elements is stay-cables. Stay-cables ensure the allowable displacement and distribution of bending moments along the bridge deck with prestressing force. Therefore the optimum design of the stay-cables and prestressing force are very important in achieving the performance expected from the cable-stayed bridges. This paper aims to obtain the stay-cables size and prestressing force optimization of the cable-stayed bridge. For this purpose, single pylon and fan type cable configuration Manavgat Cable-Stayed Bridge was selected as an example. The three dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of the bridge was created with SAP2000. Analysis of the 3D FEM of the bridge was conducted under the different combined effects of the self-weight of the structural element, prestressing force of stay-cable and live load. Stay-cable stress and deck displacement were taken into account as constraints for the optimization problem. To optimize this existing bridge a metaheuristic algorithm named Jaya was used in the optimization process. 3D FEM of the selected bridge was repeatedly analyzed by using Open Applicable Programming Interface (OAPI) properties of SAP2000. To carry out the optimization process the developed program which integrates the Jaya algorithm and the required codes for calling SAP2000 is coded in MATLAB. At the end of the study, the total weight of the stay-cables was reduced more than 40% according to existing stay cables under loads taken into account.

Perceptual Judgement of Smartphone Visual Aesthetics among Students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Visual aesthetics had always referred to the beauty or pleasant appearance of a thing. Being a visual gadget that has some visual properties in its operation, the smartphone has caught the interest of visual research to probe into the attractive tendencies of its Graphical User Interface, and design layout. The study therefore examined the perception judgement of the visual aesthetic features of smartphones among the students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, paying attention to demographic differences in visual aesthetic judgement among students in the study domain. Sample size of 380 was taken as sample from 27,000 students. Systematic random sampling was used, Likert Scale was used to rate users’ perception of the visual aesthetics of their smartphones and the result was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed greater percentages of the demographic variables showing a significant relationship with visual aesthetics perception among the respondents; while twelve (12) cases show large effect, only six (6) cases show exceptions with no significant effect relationship. This creates an inference that smartphone visual aesthetics presents an inspirational platform for its desired and continued use among students of higher institutions.

Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms for Bihar Ethnic Population

INTRODUCTION: A person's ability to recognize a beautiful face is innate, but translating this into defined treatment goals is problematic and various authors tried to relate the importance of soft-tissue esthetics with orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To derive the Soft Tissue Cephalometric norms for the normal, well-balanced and esthetically pleasing faces of the Bihar ethnic population and to compare them with pre-established norms.
 MATERIALS AND METHOD: A sample of 60 subjects from an ethnic Bihar population residing in Patna, on the basis of facial symmetry, balance and pleasing appearance were observed from five sets of extra-oral photographs. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with metallic markers placed on various soft-tissue structures on the face using derma tapes. All lateral cephalometric films were traced and Soft Tissue Cephalometric Analysis was done.
 RESULTS: Total facial length was significantly less in males as compared to the Caucasians with 117.50±1.74 as mean value. Males had significantly less protrusive upper and lower lips in projection to TVL with a mean value of 0.77±0.77 and -3.13±0.73 respectively. Lower lip length in females was significantly decreased with a decreased lower third facial height with a mean value of 62.27±1.46. Total facial length was significantly less in females with a mean value of 115.40±1.99. Females had significantly more protrusive upper and lower lips in projection to TVL with a mean value of 1.90±0.84 and 1.93±0.74 respectively.
 CONCLUSION: The established norms in present study could be used as future reference for Orthodontic treatment in Bihar ethnic population.

Psychological Benefits with Denture Characterisation in Edentulous Patients―A Review

With the increase in active and healthy elderly individuals, the demand for highly aesthetic prosthodontic treatment is also increasing. Achieving a healthy-looking smile for a patient, through the reconstruction of missing teeth and surrounding soft tissue using aesthetic prosthetic material, is one of the most important duties of dentists. Denture characterisation is very effective for enhancing removable denture with more natural and pleasing appearance. This review article describes various efforts that were made for characterisation of denture base and teeth in a removable prosthesis.

A study of comparison between skin sutures and skin staplers

Wound closure is as important as any other action performed by the surgeon. Apart from the need for producing a healthy and strong scar, it is the surgeon’s responsibility to ensure its aesthetically pleasing physical appearance. Skin staples are an alternative to regular sutures in offering this advantage. The present study has helped to highlight the comparison between skin sutures and skin staplers. The skin stapling devices have revolutionized surgery for the purpose of rapid closure of abdominal wounds. However, staples have their own drawbacks. In view of this, this prospective study has been undertaken to highlight the outcomes of closure by staples and sutures with respect to speed of closure, cost effectiveness and post operative wound dehiscence, acceptance of scar and post operative pain. This is a prospective hospital based study conducted in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 at S.V.S Medical College. 200 patients who underwent various surgical procedures. Results were analyzed and compared with previous studies. It has been found that the use of staples in abdominal surgical wound closure gives faster speed of closure, less postoperative pain, and better cosmetic results. Staples, however, are costlier, and when used in emergency cases, associated with higher rates of wound dehiscence and a less acceptable scar.

Use of culled goat meat in frankfurter production – effect on sensory quality and technological properties

SummaryFour different levels (25–100%) of culled goat meat were used in frankfurter formulation (frankfurters G25, G50, G75 and G100) instead of beef (CON). Technological properties, fatty acid profile and sensory properties were examined during the 6‐week cold storage. The formulation had significant impact of fatty acids profile – n‐6/n‐3 ratios progressively decrease from 14.63 in CON to 6.63 in G100. Higher goat meat content led to progressively higher lightness and lower redness in frankfurters. This was also observed by consumers but not negatively perceived. Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) analysis shows that more than 80% of consumers marked pleasant colour as present in goat frankfurters and CON. The similar was observed for pleasant appearance, pleasant odour, tasty, soft and juicy. Moreover, atypical taste and odour were mostly not marked as present (73.8% and 62.5%, respectively). The panellists pointed at G50 as the most preferred, while consumers most frequently marked G75.

Repair of the Protruding Lobule.

In this paper, the author describes a novel step-by-step setback procedure for correcting protruding lobules; the success of correcting protruding lobules depends on the nature and severity of the auricular lobule deformity. Although the auricular lobules occupy small areas on either side of the head, protruding or misshapen lobules exert a significant and sometimes exaggerated disfiguring influence on the otherwise aesthetically pleasing appearance of the ears. Because the lobule is a soft structure without a cartilage skeleton, the correction of a protruding ear and lobule is always a challenge. Protruding lobule abnormalities stem from deformities of the cauda helicis (cartilaginous helical tail) of the auricular lobule, soft tissue, and/or a shortage of anterior skin; however, the abnormalities are usually a combination of all of the above. Therefore, surgical procedures should address all of the causes of lobule deformity and preserve as much tissue and blood supply as possible. Achieving a successful intervention depends on reducing the tension that affects the entire lobule. This is a retrospective analysis of 660 patients who had otoplasty performed by the first author between January 2010 and December 2017. Correction of the ear lobule was needed in 398 (60.3%) patients. Of these, 44.6% patients were male, 55.4% female and the average age was 9 years (range 4-18 years). In this patient cohort, 356 (89.4%) required bilateral and 42 (10.5%) unilateral ear lobule correction. Standardized pre- and postoperative images were recorded for each patient. The goal of a setback procedure is a natural and harmonious auricular lobule appearance that is achieved through simple, optimal surgery that addresses all of the features of the auricular anatomy.

Realization of high luminous transmittance and solar modulation ability by thermochromic VO2-based induced transmittance filter (ITF)

This paper presents a novel thermochromic induced transmittance filter (ITF) based on VO2 films. The ITF structure enables high transmittance in the short wavelength range with wide rejection at longer wavelengths, which meets the requirements of thermochromic VO2 for the metal-insulator transition. Thus, the VO2-based ITFs are designed and fabricated based on the induced transmittance effect, and a graded-index material TiO2 is initially adopted for the simplified structure of VO2-based ITF comparing standard ITFs. The VO2-based ITF's properties are characterized systematically and compared with those of VO2 films. Favorable results of crystallinity, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, the thermal hysteresis width, and pleasant appearance color are achieved in these VO2-based ITFs. Moreover, luminous transmittance Tlum (380–780 nm) of 48.8% and a solar modulation ability ΔTsol of 6.2% are achieved with an ideal spectrum shape in the VO2-based ITF, which provides a highly efficient solution to improve thermochromic VO2 films and related field.

A Validated Assessment Scale for Asian Chin Projection.

As the number of different aesthetic treatments increase, numerous photonumeric assessment scales have been developed and validated to measure the effectiveness of these new treatments and techniques. Photonumeric rating scales have been developed to objectively assess improvements in anatomical areas; however, these have been based on the features of Caucasian patients. To develop and validate a Chin Projection Scale for use in the female Asian patient population. During 2 validation sessions, 13 raters assessed full frontal and lateral facial views of 50 Asian subjects and also estimated their age and the aesthetic treatment effort required for each subject. Chin projection was rated on a scale from 0 (optimal) to 4 (very severely receding). Inter-rater reliability was 0.80 (substantial) for Validation Session 1 and 0.83 (almost perfect) for Validation Session 2. The results for Estimated Age and Estimated Treatment Effort were essentially the same. This study demonstrated the validity of the first photonumeric assessment scale for assessing the appearance of the female Asian chin. This new scale will provide a standardized measure of chin projection for Asian patients in clinical practice and clinical research settings.

Effect of color temperature on appearance of paintings exhibited under LED lighting

AbstractColour of light modulates the appearance of displayed artifacts in exhibition. To understand the effect of light on appearance of paintings, few studies have experimented to establish a relation between pleasantness with the correlated colour temperature (CCT) of light. However, some studies have found that CCT has no significant effect on pleasant appearance of painting. Therefore, in this article, an experiment with a qualitative (questionnaire on semantic differential scale, N = 30) approach was designed to understand the effect of CCT on appearance of paintings exhibited under LED lights. The findings from the experimental result depict that the appearance of paintings changes due to different CCTs of LEDs having the same illuminance. In addition, the result reveals that for both mediums of paintings considered in this study, in comparison to warm white LED and artificial daylight LED, cool white LED has appeared to be more pleasant having moderately warm feelings to the viewers.

Successful Reconstruction of the Penile Skin Loss Using a Scrotal Flap as a Result of Complete Resection Following a Traditional Circumcision: A Case Report

Background: Circumcision is the oldest and most common surgical procedure in the world. One out of three adult males is subjected to this procedure at some point in their lives. Circumcision is done for different reasons, most often to meet religious and/or cultural obligations. Though rare, there exist medical indications for this procedure. As in all surgical procedures, there are early or late complications or morbidities associated with circumcision ranging from mild to severe. The factors that influence the rate of occurrence of complications include: the surgical technique applied, the degree of asepsis during the procedure, and the expertise of the practitioner carrying out the procedure. Case Presentation: This is the case of a 20-year-old black male. He presented in the emergency department of the Douala Laquintinie Hospital (DLH) two hours after circumcision with persistent bleeding from the penile wound. This was performed by a traditional healer using the technique of guillotine. Examination of the external genitalia revealed a wound on the penis with loss of skin over the whole penile shaft. Under spinal anesthesia, a reconstruction intervention which involved a single step scrotal skin flap advancement over the penile shaft was done. We noted satisfactory healing process with a pleasing aesthetic appearance of the penis. He confirmed satisfactory penile erection and sexual activity two months after hospital discharge. Conclusion: Circumcision is a simple surgical procedure that can result to life threatening complications or high morbidity more often when performed by an unskilled practitioner. Education of the population on the safer sites of circumcision can help in the prevention and early management of complications.

Biomechanics of double eyelid and clinical application in mild blepharoptosis

Objective To investigate biomechanical properties of double eyelid surgery and its clinical application in upper blepharoplasty. Methods In the mild ptosis correction combined with double eyelid surgery, the main force from levator was assigned to upper tarsus to open eyes. At the same time, not only it could ensure the enough height of palpebral fissure, but also had relatively stable and persistent double eyelid. For those who had sunken upper eyelid, were given fat transposition and/or autologous fat grafting. For those who had medial epicanthal fold, to achieve a pleasing eye appearance, we performed epicanthoplasty. Results After 6 months to 2 years of follow-up, 15 cases had unsatisfactory results and underwent secondary surgery. The revision reason was as follows: 7 patients had asymmetry double eyelid width, 3 patients had insufficient correction for ptosis, 2 patients had shallower and narrower double eyelid line. In 3 cases, the correction of the upper sunken was insufficient. The remaining 164 patients with mild ptosis were well corrected, and the double eyelid was stable and natural, and the results were satisfactory. There were no major complications. Conclusions During mild blepharoptosis correction combined with double eyelid surgery, reasonable treatment of the biomechanical balance has certain clinical significance for avoiding postoperative complications and improving the effect of double eyelid surgery. Key words: Blepharoptosis; Blepharoplasty; Biomechanics; Balance; Eyelid fissure height

Evaluation of facial esthetics in long-faced white Brazilian middle school students.

This study aimed to determine orthodontists' and layperson's perceptions about facial esthetics in a long face pattern sample. The sample consisted of 64 frontal photographs of white Brazilian middle school students (9-15years old), diagnosed as long faced through morphologic evaluation and confirmed by the facial index. A Likert-type scale was used to determine orthodontists' (22) and laypeople's (22) perceptions about facial esthetics. Chi-square and proportions tests were used for comparison between the examiners regarding the classification in each degree of esthetics, adopting a significance level of 5%. For orthodontists and laypeople, most of the subjects were considered to have acceptable appearance: 36.4% and 40.3%, respectively. Subjects whose appearance was classified as unpleasant constituted one-third of the sample: for orthodontists, 7.8% very unpleasant and 22.9% unpleasant, and 6.7% and 22.2%, respectively, for laypeople. The facial structures most cited as responsible for unpleasantness were the lack of lip sealing followed by incisor exposition. The increase of the lower third of the face for orthodontists and eyes for laypeople were the third most cited unpleasant characteristics. For the evaluators, two-thirds of the long face sample were considered to have an acceptable, pleasant, or very pleasant appearance. Laypeople's opinions aligned with the orthodontists', that one-third of long-face patients were considered to have an unpleasant appearance.

Single centre review of the use of costal cartilage for reconstruction of the nasal dorsum

Reconstruction of the nasal skeleton aims to allow optimal air passage as well as a cosmetically pleasing appearance. Autogenous graft materials are the gold standard due to low extrusion and infection rates. A larger source of cartilage is required for complex secondary nasal reconstruction which makes costal cartilage an ideal source of autogenous material. We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing nasal reconstruction with autogenous costal cartilage between the years 2005 to 2016. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon across two hospital sites. Patient charts were reviewed to determine aetiology, indication for surgery, referral source, post-operative complications, need for revision surgery and the length of follow-up. There was a total of 28 patients, 68% male with an average age of 37 years. The majority were referred from ENT (50%) followed by plastic or maxillofacial surgeons (21%). The commonest indication for surgery was previous nasal trauma (53%), and 88% of patients with trauma as the aetiology had previous nasal surgery prior to costal cartilage reconstruction. The commonest complication was warping of the costal cartilage graft; this occurred in 18% of patients; a slipped costal cartilage graft occurred in 4%. The revision rate was 32%. There were no cases of pneumothorax, pleural tear and post-operative infection. Despite the availability of alternative cartilage sources and the risk of cartilage warping, autogenous costal cartilage is still the ideal cartilage source for complex nasal reconstruction. It is readily available, durable and versatile. Several recent studies have reported alterations in surgical technique to reduce warping. This will subsequently reduce rates of revision surgery and ensure this versatile cartilage source continues to be utilised by surgeons in future. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study