Strategies Of Players Research Articles

Peran E-Commerce dalam Meningkatkan Akses Pasar bagi Produk UMKM Lokal di Kota Serang

The development of MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) in Indonesia has been quite rapid, especially with the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic worldwide, which has dampened economies globally. Several studies have also found that MSMEs and cooperatives play a crucial role in driving local economic growth by creating new job opportunities, especially in underdeveloped areas. With the presence of MSMEs and support for digitalization through the utilization of e-commerce platforms, this becomes one of the essential strategies for MSME players in Indonesia, particularly in Serang City, to market and promote their products widely. The research method employed is a case study based on previous research on the impact of MSMEs that have adopted e-commerce. The research results indicate that the implementation of e-commerce has a significant positive influence on the growth of MSMEs in Serang City.

Stochastic adaptive linear quadratic nonzero-sum differential games

This paper focuses on solving stochastic linear quadratic nonzero-sum differential games with completely unknown system matrices and long-time average costs. Firstly, for the case that the system matrices are known, we design a model-based value iteration (VI) algorithm and a model-based robust VI algorithm to solve the coupled algebraic Riccati equations (AREs), which are directly related to the construction of the feedback Nash equilibrium solution. Then, we present a model-free VI algorithm, based on which feedback control strategies for players are designed using only the data of states and inputs, without requiring the prior knowledge of the system matrices. Moreover, we show that the designed feedback control strategies make the closed-loop game system stable and reach the Nash equilibrium. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Economic and Political Dynamics of Globalization: A Review of Continuity and Change in Research Focus

This paper delves into the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization and examines its contemporary manifestations. Globalization, characterized by increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among nations, has gained momentum through technological advancements, trade, and communication. In the context of historical dialectics, capitalism, and political economy, this study explores the evolving landscape of globalization and its implications for the modern world. The investigation aims to bridge the gap between past research and emerging trends, analyzing the complex relationship between economic interdependence and global dynamics. Through a systematic review of literature, including original research and review studies, the study uncovers a diverse array of topics, from geopolitical dynamics and ecological innovations to labor market disruptions and international trade evolution. While traditional themes such as inequality, technological advancements, and historical origins remain vital, contemporary discourse encompasses ecological sustainability, labor market transformations, and strategic geopolitical interactions. Notably, recent research highlights the role of economic diplomacy and strategies of dominant players, such as the EU, the US, and China, in shaping global markets. Furthermore, it emphasizes the intersection of technology, innovation, and globalization, particularly within industries and labor markets. Through an examination of the past, present, and future, this work aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of globalization's diverse dimensions, aiding policymakers, economists, and businesses in making informed choices.

Research on Stakeholder Behavior Strategy in Green PPP Project Financing

In the context of green development, while promoting green industry and sustainable development, green PPP faces the challenge of financing difficulties. Based on the evolutionary game theory of bounded rationality and taking government, social capital and financial institutions as the game players, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model for the behavioral decision-making of stakeholders in green PPP project financing. Using MATLAB software, we simulate and analyze the key factors affecting the behavioral strategies of each game player. The results indicate that: (1) The additional income obtained from participation in green PPP projects is a key factor affecting the decision-making of social capital and financial institutions, so it is necessary to improve the reasonable return mechanism of green PPP projects and attach importance to the construction of reputation mechanism; (2) Government subsidies can effectively encourage social capital and financial institutions to participate in green PPP projects, but the amount of subsidies should be within a reasonable range; (3) The government's reward and punishment intensity is a significant factor affecting the decision-making of social capital behavior. To this end, it is imperative for the government to enhance the performance evaluation system for green PPP projects and establish a balanced reward and punishment mechanism. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the decision-making of stakeholders in the financing process of green PPP projects, and provides references for the policy formulation of encouraging social capital and financial institutions to participate in green PPP projects.

Strategic Decision-Making in Swiss-System Chess Tournaments

This study delves into the decision-making strategies of chess players in the final round of Swiss-system chess tournaments. This paper first introduces the basic rules and characteristics of Swiss-system tournaments, as well as the objectives of players in the competition. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the strategies adopted by players in the final round under different circumstances, including scenarios without tied players, with tied players but leading or trailing in rankings, and situations where players are tied and have similar rankings. Through theoretical analysis and validation with empirical data, this paper derives optimal strategies for players in different situations to ensure achieving the highest possible ranking in the final round. Starting with a simple four-player championship model, the study provides important insights and guidance for player decision-making in Swiss-system chess tournaments, while also offering valuable exploration into understanding the decision-making process of players. The strategies are well discussed in Section 3.

Equilibrium analysis in game theory using nonlinear functional analysis techniques

Game theory provides a mathematical framework for analyzing the tactical choices of rational decision makers. The idea of equilibrium, which states that no player has a motivation to change their existing approach given the strategies of other players, is one of the core ideas of game theory. This study examines a type of undirected graph-based distributed quadratic game. The problem of communication topology constraints is presented and nonlinear dynamics with uncertain time-dependent perturbations are present in the participant's dynamics. Based on a high-gain observer approach, a distributed Nash equilibrium (NE) finding technique is given, and the Lyapunov stability theory is used to study the convergence. It represents that every player approximates the positions of their rival players and that there are differences between the NE and the placements of the minor limitation that finally restricts the players. In addition, chattering problems are eliminated since the offered theory's formulation employs the hyperbolic tangent function to control the perturbation rather than the signum function. In an imitation of the oligopoly match, five enterprises manufacture identical materials in a duopoly market framework; this is done to confirm the effectiveness of the recommended strategy. Our results provide novel perspectives and methods for understanding complicated strategic situations, helping to close the gap between mathematical theory and real-world applications.

A robust optimization approach for a two-player force-design game

We present a new approach to force design that relies on robust decision making with a min–max objective, rather than assumptions about the goals and strategy of an opponent. This idea is explored mathematically in the framework of a round-based two-player Stackelberg game representing an arms race, which features the acquisition of assets by both players and an evaluation of the defensive capability against attack from an opponent using a portfolio of possible tactics. Mathematical analysis has been carried out to determine the structure of optimal strategies for this type of game. This allows the strategy of the first player to be represented as a decision tree with possible moves by the second player consisting of convex combinations of extreme points. Using this insight into the structure of solutions, the optimal strategy for the game can be computed using a large linear program. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated using numerical examples.

The Convergence Analysis of Evolutionary Dynamics for Continuous Action Iterated Dilemma in Information Loss Networks

In this article, we propose a convergence analysis method for evolution dynamics in information loss networks, which overcomes the analytical difficulties caused by complex network relationships. Evolutionary game theory is a widely-used tool for analyzing player behavior in networks, where players typically adopt binary strategies, either cooperation or defection. However, player behavior in real-world scenarios is often multidimensional and complex, and thus a dynamic model of continuous action iterated dilemma (CAID) with continuous strategy is proposed to enrich the strategies of players, allowing them to choose intermediate states between cooperation and defection, providing a more accurate representation of the evolution of cooperation than traditional dynamic models. Meanwhile, the convergence of traditional models is often analyzed using Jacobian matrices, which requires a significant amount of derivation related to the complex network structure, leading to inefficiencies. As such, a new convergence analysis method based on the Lyapunov function has been designed to circumvent these complex calculations. Additionally, as there is often noise present during the transfer of information between players, we further analyze the convergence of dynamic models in information loss networks using the Lyapunov function. Two examples based on the prisoner’s dilemma and snowdrift dilemma on networks are proposed to show the effectiveness of the designed convergence analysis.

Computing Nash Equilibria in Potential Games with Private Uncoupled Constraints

We consider the problem of computing Nash equilibria in potential games where each player's strategy set is subject to private uncoupled constraints. This scenario is frequently encountered in real-world applications like road network congestion games where individual drivers adhere to personal budget and fuel limitations. Despite the plethora of algorithms that efficiently compute Nash equilibria (NE) in potential games, the domain of constrained potential games remains largely unexplored. We introduce an algorithm that leverages the Lagrangian formulation of NE. The algorithm is implemented independently by each player and runs in polynomial time with respect to the approximation error, the sum of the size of the action-spaces, and the game's inherit parameters.

The CoachAI Badminton Environment: Bridging the Gap between a Reinforcement Learning Environment and Real-World Badminton Games

We present the CoachAI Badminton Environment, a reinforcement learning (RL) environment tailored for AI-driven sports analytics. In contrast to traditional environments using rule-based opponents or simplistic physics-based randomness, our environment integrates authentic opponent AIs and realistic randomness derived from real-world matches data to bridge the performance gap encountered in real-game deployments. This novel feature enables RL agents to seamlessly adapt to genuine scenarios. The CoachAI Badminton Environment empowers researchers to validate strategies in intricate real-world settings, offering: i) Realistic opponent simulation for RL training; ii) Visualizations for evaluation; and iii) Performance benchmarks for assessing agent capabilities. By bridging the RL environment with actual badminton games, our environment is able to advance the discovery of winning strategies for players. Our code is available at https://github.com/wywyWang/CoachAI-Projects/tree/main/Strategic%20Environment.

An analysis of the effect of motor experience on muscle synergy in the badminton jump smash

The jump smash is badminton's most aggressive technical manoeuvre, which is often the key to winning a match. This paper aims to explore the neuromuscular control strategies of advanced and beginner players when jumping smash in different ways. Collecting sEMG and kinematic data from 18 subjects with different motor experiences when jumping smash. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and K-Means clustering were used to extract muscle synergies and exclude irrelevant combined synergies. Uncontrolled manifold analysis was then used to explore the association between synergies and shoulder stability. In addition, motor output at the spinal cord level was assessed by mapping sEMG to each spinal cord segment. The study found that advanced subjects could respond to different jump smash styles by adjusting the coordinated activation strategies of the upper-limb and postural muscles. Long-term training can induce a rapid decrease in the degree of co-variation of the synergies before contact with a shuttlecock to better cope with an upcoming collision. It is recommended that beginners should focus more on training the coordination of upper-limb muscles and postural muscles.

Revolutionizing the Textile and Clothing Industry: Pioneering Sustainability and Resilience in a Post-COVID Era

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, posing significant challenges to the textile and clothing industry. However, amidst these threats, there is a unique opportunity to rebuild a more sustainable and resilient fashion industry. This paper explores the shift from pre-COVID-19 business models and consumption values towards a renaissance characterized by real sustainability. By examining the transition from eco-efficiency to eco-effectiveness and from cradle-to-grave to cradle-to-cradle approaches, this study emphasizes the need for the active involvement of key stakeholders in co-creating value for all. Through a comprehensive analysis of the post-COVID era, this study aims to understand textile and clothing industry professionals’ perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable design practices and identify challenges in implementing such strategies. The findings contribute to the knowledge of sustainability in the post-COVID era and provide insights and strategies for textile and clothing industry players to thrive in a sustainable and transformed landscape.

RunsGuard Framework: Context Aware Cricket Game Strategy for Field Placement and Score Containment

Sports analytics utilizes data analysis techniques and computational methods to gain insights, make informed decisions, and facilitate improvements in the performance of individuals and teams. Cricket is one of the most popular games and continues to evolve worldwide. The availability of ball-by-ball data demands in-depth investigation of player strategies, team dynamics, and the impact of contextual variables. Existing studies explored various aspects of cricket analytics, including detecting key events, predicting outcomes, and ranking teams. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive integrated framework that processes unstructured sports commentary, extracts actionable insights, conducts a thorough player analysis, and develops strategic plans while considering contextual factors. This work aims to propose a bowling and fielding strategy to contain a batsman. For this purpose, we developed a comprehensive context-aware framework that collects data, extracts insights from commentary, identifies player strengths and weaknesses, and proposes cricket bowling and fielding strategies according to the given context. To evaluate this work, we implemented a case study that simulated different scenarios, and our framework suggested bowling and fielding strategies. In these simulations, the proposed strategies consistently demonstrated a substantial reduction in the number of runs that were scored. On average, the framework reduces the batsman’s score rate by 33%. These findings underscore the practical effectiveness of research in optimizing field placement and effectively reducing scoring opportunities. Finally, by bridging the gap between data analytics and cricket game strategy, this methodology provides a competitive advantage to coaches, captains, and players. In the future, we aim to involve temporal patterns to understand the evolving behavior of players.

Generalized Nash equilibrium problems with mixed-integer variables

AbstractWe consider generalized Nash equilibrium problems (GNEPs) with non-convex strategy spaces and non-convex cost functions. This general class of games includes the important case of games with mixed-integer variables for which only a few results are known in the literature. We present a new approach to characterize equilibria via a convexification technique using the Nikaido–Isoda function. To any given instance of the GNEP, we construct a set of convexified instances and show that a feasible strategy profile is an equilibrium for the original instance if and only if it is an equilibrium for any convexified instance and the convexified cost functions coincide with the initial ones. We develop this convexification approach along three dimensions: We first show that for quasi-linear models, where a convexified instance exists in which for fixed strategies of the opponent players, the cost function of every player is linear and the respective strategy space is polyhedral, the convexification reduces the GNEP to a standard (non-linear) optimization problem. Secondly, we derive two complete characterizations of those GNEPs for which the convexification leads to a jointly constrained or a jointly convex GNEP, respectively. These characterizations require new concepts related to the interplay of the convex hull operator applied to restricted subsets of feasible strategies and may be interesting on their own. Note that this characterization is also computationally relevant as jointly convex GNEPs have been extensively studied in the literature. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our results by presenting a numerical study regarding the computation of equilibria for three classes of GNEPs related to integral network flows and discrete market equilibria.

Evolutionary game dynamics of combining two different aspiration-driven update rules in structured populations

In evolutionary games, most studies on finite populations have focused on a single updating mechanism. However, given the differences in individual cognition, individuals may change their strategies according to different updating mechanisms. For this reason, we consider two different aspiration-driven updating mechanisms in structured populations: satisfied-stay unsatisfied shift (SSUS) and satisfied-cooperate unsatisfied defect (SCUD). To simulate the game player’s learning process, this paper improves the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which will be used to simulate the game player’s strategy selection, i.e., population particle swarm optimization (PPSO) algorithms. We find that in the prisoner’s dilemma, the conditions that SSUS facilitates the evolution of cooperation do not enable cooperation to emerge. In contrast, SCUD conditions that promote the evolution of cooperation enable cooperation to emerge. In addition, the invasion of SCUD individuals helps promote cooperation among SSUS individuals. Simulated by the PPSO algorithm, the theoretical approximation results are found to be consistent with the trend of change in the simulation results.

Алгоритм решения задачи первой фазы в игровой задаче с произвольными ситуациями

The game problem of two persons (players) is considered. The two players alternately choose their strategies from the appropriate sets. First, the first player chooses his strategy, then, knowing the strategy of the first player, the second player chooses his strategy. The set of strategies of the second player depends on the strategy of the first player. It is required to determine the following: for any strategy of the first player, does there exist a corresponding strategy of the second player? This problem is solved using a special linear maximin problem with connected variables, the solution of which is reduced to determining the maximum value of the objective function of the problem’s dual to it on special strategies. The algorithm for solving the problem considered is given. Two examples that illustrate the algorithm and the results of numerical experiment is given.

Strategy of Chinese energy companies in the world market of oilfield services and logistics services: Regional aspects

The aggravation of the problem of climate change, as well as the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, determines the increased interest of the scientific community in the development of effective methods to minimize the growing threats. The focus of scientists is China with its accelerated economic development, contributing to the growth of carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental problems. Global and regional trends are reflected in the strategies of China's largest energy companies, which confirm the relevance of the topic under study. The purpose of the article is to study the current performance of China's energy sector, their trends, and future forecasts, taking into account the strategies of the key players in the country's oilfield services market. The study used the following scientific methods: economic and statistical analysis, predictive methods, system-structural method, analysis, comparison method, observation, and description. As a result of the study, the key trends in the energy industry in China today were analyzed, and forecast values selected indicators by announced pledges scenario and stated policies scenario. The structure of supply and consumption by China of both energies from traditional sources and generated from renewable sources is studied. The regional structure of energy exports and imports by China is considered, and the country's main strategic partners are identified. The analysis of operating models and strategic directions of activity of the largest oilfield services companies in China—PetroChina and Sinopec—was carried out. Attention is paid to the problems of interaction between logistics and oilfield services companies, and ways to minimize such problems are proposed. The results of the study can be used by government representatives when planning further actions regarding the development of the energy industry.

Balancing the load: A narrative review with methodological implications of compensatory training strategies for non-starting soccer players.

New training approaches have emerged advocating for the implementation of compensatory physical training. This approach aims to provide additional training that balances the load typically experienced by non-starters during a match. This may help maintain their readiness and ensures that their physical fitness is not compromised by the reduced exposure to match loads. Thus, this narrative review aims to describe the differences in external loads between starting and non-starting players and describe the studies conducted in compensatory training. Studies examining external load metrics such as total distances covered, high-speed running, and sprinting suggest that, adjusted for playing time, values are often higher in non-starting players. Although not standardized, there is an obvious decrease in exposure for these critical variables in non-starters. Additionally, internal load parameters such as perceived exertion and heart rate tend to be higher in starting players. Regarding the physical fitness impacts, evidence suggests differences observed between starters and non-starters in some aspects of physical performance, although the extent and significance of these differences can vary. The studies on compensatory training are limited, and the typical approach usually centres on running-based exercises and small-sided games, offering differing approaches to address the physical needs. The gap in research underscores the necessity for improved study designs that can shed light on the real impact of compensatory training. Presently, the practice of compensatory training has been adopted, yet a definitive understanding of its genuine influence, particularly in terms of enhancing physical fitness and mitigating injury risks, remains elusive.

КОНКУРЕНТНЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ РИНКУ СИСТЕМНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ В ГАЛУЗІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ УКРАЇНИ

In whatever industry the company operates, it will always be affected by competition. This influence is a very good motivator for improving business processes and introducing innovative technologies at the enterprise. System integration market is one of important elements of Ukrainian information technology industry, ensuring the implementation of modern IT solutions to increase efficiency of enterprises and meet needs of Ukrainian citizens. Since the level of competition in the industry has a direct relationship with the rate of profit and investment potential of the industry, the analysis of competitive environment of the industry plays a leading role in the development of company’s strategy in the market. The article examines the competitive environment of the system integration market of Ukraine. A detailed analysis of factors of competition in the industry has been made in the article according to the methodology of M. Porter’s five forces of competition. The analysis includes detailed description of bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat of new entrants and substitutes as well as rivalry among existing competitors specified for the system integration market of Ukraine. Local market and industry trends as well as market players behavior has been taken into account. As a result, the model of competition in the system integration market of Ukraine has been formed. According to the results of research, the model of competition in the system integration market of Ukraine is characterized by significant bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, a medium level threat of new entrants, a low level threat of substitute products and services, and a high level rivalry among existing competitors in the market. Based on results of the analysis of competitive forces in the industry, companies have the opportunity to shape their market strategy, taking into account the position of the company in relation to the sources of each competitive force. Results of the study can be used to analyze the state and development trends of the system integration market of Ukraine and to develop strategies of market players.

Active Interdiction Defence Scheme Against False Data-Injection Attacks: A Stackelberg Game Perspective.

The security issue is of the fundamental importance for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) due to the vulnerability to cyber attacks. In this article, an active interdiction defence scheme is proposed as an extra safeguard against the strategic false data-injection (FDI) attacker. To tackle the coupling between the decision-making processes of the FDI attacker and the active interdiction defence scheme, a framework of dynamic Stackelberg game is formulated to characterize the hierarchical interaction due to their asymmetric information structures. Subsequently, the Stackelberg strategies of both players are constructed. Furthermore, a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with the FDI attack and the active interdiction defence scheme. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed active interdiction defence scheme.