Attention Of Players Research Articles

Dynamic Intelligent Lighting for Directing Visual Attention in Interactive 3-D Scenes

Recent enhancements in real-time graphics have facilitated the design of high fidelity game environments with complex 3-D worlds inhabited by animated characters. Under such settings, it is hard, especially for the untrained eyes, to attend to an object of interest. Neuroscience research as well as film and theatre practice identified several visual properties, such as contrast, orientation, and color that play a major role in channeling attention. In this paper, we discuss an adaptive lighting design system called adaptive lighting for visual attention (ALVA) that dynamically adjusts the lighting color and brightness to enhance visual attention within game environments using features identified by neuroscience, psychophysics, and visual design literature. We also discuss some preliminary results showing the utility of ALVA in directing player's attention to important elements in a fast paced 3-D game, and thus enhancing the game experience especially for nongamers who are not visually trained to spot objects or characters in such complex 3-D worlds.

The Captured Imagination

Although computer games are now a form of entertainment, they actually grew out of a series of efforts to develop computer-based methods to represent the natural world, abstract complex activity, and analyze organizational problems. The game of chess quickly captured the attention of early computer researchers. Incorporating computer simulation technology in a competitive, interactive story can command a game player's attention indefinitely

A Prospective Video-Based Analysis of Injury Situations in Elite Male Football

Background The mechanisms for football injuries are largely unknown. Aim To describe the characteristics of injury situations in elite male football using a video-based method called football incident analysis. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods During the 1999 season, videotapes from 52 matches in the Icelandic elite football league were reviewed. Incidents (N = 95) were recorded when the match was interrupted by the referee because of a suspected injury. Team physical therapists recorded injuries prospectively (N = 28 time-loss injuries). Results Duels caused 84 of the incidents, mostly tackling duels (n = 54). The exposed player's attention appeared to be focused away from the opponent in 93% of the cases. The 3 main mechanisms observed were (1) breakdown attacks, tackling from the side or the front, attention focused on the ball (24%); (2) defensive tackling duels, attention focused on the ball or low ball control (20%); and (3) heading duels, attention focused on the ball in the air (13%). Conclusion Most incidents and injuries occurred during breakdown attacks and when a player was involved in tackling duels. Player attention appeared to be focused mainly on the ball, not on the opponent challenging him to gain ball possession.