Player Motivation Research Articles

Public works in Hungary:

This paper reviews the past 10 years of the Hungarian public works system in an international context. It describes changes in the system of public works over time, its various forms, its regional allocation mechanisms and the decision-making and planning process. In that respect, it explores the motivations of the key players, including the central planner, the employment service and the municipalities, as well as their interactions. The analysis is based on interviews conducted in the competent ministries, at national public works providers, the county and district offices of the public employment system and municipalities on one hand, and quantitative data analyses on the entire public works database for the period of 2011-2014, on the other hand.Originally intended to be a labour market policy tool, public works programmes assumed more significant social and municipality management functions, partly because of the extraordinary expansion of their volume. None of their functions performs adequately in the regulatory environment developed; however, they play a key role in mitigating social tensions in disadvantaged rural areas. The planning and regional allocation mechanisms of public works are in many ways similar to the planning procedure of state socialism and provide scope for the of plan bargaining, based on information asymmetry. As a result, this mechanism creates impacts different from the stated objectives in somerespects. The most disadvantaged municipalities thus have proportionately fewer public works participants than would be expected based on the number of long-term unemployed. The system of public works has had a considerable impact on local power structures and transformed the functions of mayors. The responsibility for tackling labour market problems was transferred from the competent employment services to municipalities without expertise, which also had a negative impact on the Public Employment Service.

Financial Awards and Their Effect on Football Players' Anxiety and Coping Skills.

ObjectiveFinancial awards can be an important factor affecting athletes’ mental preparation and various skills to manage stress. Since such a link has not yet been studied, the study has been designed to evaluate the moderation effect of financial awards in relation to football players’ anxiety and coping skills.MethodsThe study consists of 110 male football players aged 18–32 years old (mean ± SD: 23.98 ± 3.01 years) who were divided into two groups: financial awarded (n = 48) and financial unawarded for sports performance (n = 62). The anxiety of football players was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale SAS-2. Coping strategies to manage stress were assessed by the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory ACSI-28. The effect of financial awards in relation to football players’ anxiety and coping skills was evaluated by the mediators’ model using the PROCESS software (Hayes, 2018).ResultsThe results suggest that financial awards are important factors that influence football players’ anxiety and coping skills. The financial awards increase the motivation of football players to better prepare for sports performance, which has been proven, through better setting of performance goals and more careful mental preparation. Financially awarded football players seem to respect the coach and follow his instructions to a greater extent than unawarded football players, which may be due to the financial benefits and the commitment they have confirmed by signing to the football club. In another aspect, the financial awards are likely to increase the cognitive trait of the anxiety of football players. It seems that financial players are more concerned about the failure of the match, which increases their anxiety, especially since it is a cognitive part and affects their sports performance.ConclusionFor this reason, we encourage sports organizations to focus more on the mental preparation of football players. It is important to provide football players the opportunity to graduate from short- or long-term mental training conducted by a trained sports psychologist not only at the time of the athlete’s failure but also as a preventive measure against increasing cognitive anxiety. We recommend sports organizations to train coaches in the field of mental training, preferably through annual short training sessions with a sports psychologist, to influence the development of desirable athletes’ coping skills.

Influence of Academic Performance, Level of Play, Sports Success, and Position of Play on the Motivation of the Young Football Player.

Background: Motivation in athletes is a state that fluctuates due to multiple factors that can, in turn, negatively or positively influence sports performance. Objectives: The aim of this study was twofold, being, on the one hand, to analyze the motivation of soccer players of developmental age in two different contexts (training time (baseline) and the precompetitive time) depending on the category, sports success and playing position, and, on the other hand, to find relations of the motivation dimensions with the academic performance and physical characteristics of the soccer players. Methods: One hundred and forty-one under 16 (U16) soccer players were selected (age: 14.7 ± 0.5; height: 170.4 ± 7.2 cm; weight: 61.6 ± 10.0 kg). Data on academic performance, physical and socio-demographic characteristics were recorded, and in two differentiated moments, the motivation dimensions, both in training and in competition. Results: The results showed that the general motivation decreases with the competition, and in particular, the intrinsic motivation, where the precompetitive evaluation is lower than the basal, in both categories (p < 0.05). In addition, demotivation is explained by 10.2%, 19.8%, and 23.9% by fat mass, by academic performance, and by category, respectively; and the extrinsic motivation of external regulation is explained in 26.0% by the academic performance factor (p < 0.01). Conclusions: U16 soccer players show lower levels of motivation at moments prior to the sports competition, and these dimensions of motivation are explained by the category, academic performance, and fat mass.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОТИВАЦІЇ ДО ЗАНЯТЬ СПОРТОМ ЮНИХ СПОРТСМЕНІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ БАСКЕТБОЛУ)

Аbstract. Changes in society significantly affect the content of the motives of the young generation of Ukrainians. In modern youth there is a reassessment of former values and life guidelines, which will accordingly direct coaches to find convincing arguments in favor of motivation, involvement of young people in sports. That is why it is necessary to systematically monitor changes in the characteristics of the motivational sphere of young athletes, diagnostics in order to gain knowledge about determining the motives that motivate them to engage in sports for a long time. Objective. Identify the features of the motivational sphere of basketball players aged 12–15. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature; questionnaires; methods of psychodiagnostics; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The structure of the motivational sphere of young athletes engaged in basketball is quite variable and depends on many factors, including the success of the athlete, the degree of satisfaction with the training process and the psychological climate in the team. In order to start playing sports on their own, a novice athlete should go through several stages: from the formation of a positive attitude to sports to a strong desire for regular, independent training.Thus, the coach needs to know and use both the appropriate psychological and diagnostic complex for each of the stages of formation of motivation to play sports, and appropriate methods of influencing the motivation of young basketball players to engage in physical culture and sports activities.

What We Know About Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games.

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines internet gaming disorder without differentiating games from their respective genres, such as first-person shooter versus real-time strategy versus online gaming. Our review of the literature on massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) suggests that MMORPGs are different from other games because they are the most addictive, and therefore deserve to be looked at separately. MMORPGs are internet platforms for online users to interact with each other in a virtual story line. The overview of the existing literature delineates the positive and negative aspects of MMORPGs and also the available evidence on neuroscientific and neuroanatomical correlates between internet gaming disorder and other addictions. Evidence shows that a player's characteristics and motivations can determine his or her risk of developing problematic play. Problematic MMORPG use may lead to mental disorders such as depression and addiction, and can negatively affect quality of life, and vice versa. Conversely, some players may benefit from being part of a social community and from using it as a learning platform or as a safe space to explore gender-identity issues. Brain circuitry and metabolism are changed through problematic MMORPG use, with the affected areas including the ventral striatum and left angular gyrus.

The Determinants of Motivation Regarding Top Competitive Basketball of Juniors

The motivation plays an essential role in carrying out any activity in people´s lives. It is a critical aspect between individual stages of career transitions and its goals. The purpose is to describe the determinants of the motivation and adherence of junior basketball players. The research interviews 40 players who wish to continue at the professional stage. The Career Transition theory (Alfermann &amp; Stambulova, 2007) is a scope for the research. The research is qualitative, using The Grounded Theory by Strauss and Corbin (1990). The chosen research instrument was a semi-structured interview. The sample consists of twenty girls and twenty boys between ages 15-18. The results illustrate eight determinants of motivation and adherence. 1.lifestyle, 2.the perception of competencies, 3.specifics of basketball, 4.biopsychosocial health. 5.enjoyment, 6.team spirit, 7.society, 8.time management. Time management is the most occurring reason for termination of the basketball career.

Investigating the anxiety and motivation of kho-kho players at the inter-university stage

Investigating the anxiety and motivation of kho-kho players at the inter-university stage

Relatedness in gaming: the effect in-game touch has on player connection

With the number of individuals becoming gamers on the rise, it has become ever so important to understand the underlying motivations and social interactions that occur within this video game medium. Research has revealed that player motivation and relatedness within a game setting can be affected by the interpersonal relationships that develop from in game social interactions. This specific study was interested in how interpersonal touch and relatedness gestures, more specifically positive or negative touch conditions within a gameplay experience, can impact both player motivations, as well as inter-player impressions. Additionally, observational data measuring the quality of interaction between the participant in the study and a research confederate, with whom they were playing an online game was collected. A positive relationship was found between player relatedness and positive touch between avatars.

Marketing communications in social network games: Promotional design considerations in the online era

This paper examines a typology of social network game-based promotion effectiveness utilising postings from an online gaming community message board. Building upon a typology to assess promotional game design1 ‘Marketing promotions in social network games: Making them work’, the authors test the F-M typology framework, which includes the axes of functional congruency (in-game versus out-of-game promotions) and motivational congruency (promotional offering aligns with players’ motivations for playing the game versus a promotional offering that does not align with player motivations for playing the game). To substantiate the typology, this study examined 3,086 message board posts related to four branded promotions within a social network game (Farmville). Additional congruency issues associated with in-game promotions were also discussed.

Escalation in conflict games: on beliefs and selection

We study learning and selection and their implications for possible effort escalation in a simple game of dynamic property rights conflict: a multi-stage contest with random resolve. Accounting for the empirically well-documented heterogeneity of behavioral motives of players in such games turns the interaction into a dynamic game of incomplete information. In contrast to the standard benchmark with complete information, the perfect Bayesian equilibrium features social projection and type-dependent escalation of efforts caused by learning. A corresponding experimental setup provides evidence for type heterogeneity, for belief formation and updating, for self-selection and for escalation of efforts in later stages.

How players across gender and age experience Pok\xe9mon Go?

The purpose of this study is to provide insights into player experiences and motivations in Pokémon Go, a relatively new phenomenon of location-based augmented reality games. With the increasing usage and adoption of various forms of digital games worldwide, investigating the motivations for playing games has become crucial not only for researchers but for game developers, designers, and policy makers. Using an online survey (N = 1190), the study explores the motivational, usage, and privacy concerns variations among age and gender groups of Pokémon Go players. Most of the players, who are likely to be casual gamers, are persuaded toward the game due to nostalgic association and word of mouth. Females play Pokémon Go to fulfill physical exploration and enjoyment gratifications. On the other hand, males seek to accomplish social interactivity, achievement, coolness, and nostalgia gratifications. Compared to females, males are more concerned about the privacy aspects associated with the game. With regard to age, younger players display strong connotation with most of the studied gratifications and the intensity drops significantly with an increase in age. With the increasing use of online and mobile games worldwide among all cohorts of society, the study sets the way for a deeper analysis of motivation factors with respect to age and gender. Understanding motivations for play can provide researchers with the analytic tools to gain insight into the preferences for and effects of game play for different kinds of users.

Motivated to lose? Evaluating challenge and player motivations in games

ABSTRACT Players report losing some games can be as much fun, or more than winning. It is imperative to identify what motivates a player to pursue failure in games due to the importance of many games now used for educational and health purposes. The game’s intended outcomes can be entirely undermined if players would rather lose than win the game. To achieve reliable predictions on the win/lose dilemma, we propose a new model of challenge, Dynamic Probability Response, which quantifies the degree and type of challenge. Many previous studies focus on individual differences in play. This study focuses on how different play motivations interact. Three conceptualisations of winning were tested against each other by giving players a mutually exclusive choice between challenge, gratuitous feedback from interaction (juice hypothesis), and compliance with visual cues denoting victory (game value adoption hypothesis). Each potential motivation for play was derived from psychological theory that is prevalent in the game design literature. Using a within-subject ANOVA, the three hypothesised motivations investigated were each individually supported. Some hypotheses about which motivations can disrupt the game’s goal were supported. Others were not. The applications of these results to game and simulation design are discussed.

WHY PEOPLE JOIN VIRTUAL WORLDS OF COMPUTER GAMES? QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AMONGST POLISH USERS

Introduction: When virtual worlds (e.g. Second Life or World of Warcraft) became immensely popular, with millions of active users around the world, real life companies started to utilize them for business purposes, such as testing new products or organizing various events. However, the activities of companies can only be successful if a sufficient number of players are engaged in virtual worlds.&#x0D; Objectives: The present paper is aimed to investigate individual players’ motives for joining virtual worlds of computer games.&#x0D; Methods: The author carried out 22 in-depth interviews amongst polish players (20 were finally accepted) of three virtual worlds: The Sims, Second Life and Euro Track Simulator 2. Interviews were carried out from August 21, 2018 to December 5, 2018.&#x0D; Results: Respondents most frequently mentioned consecutively: curiosity (caused by TV series, TV programme, newspaper or advertisement), interact with others, interest in the topic of a game, enjoyment from playing, opportunity to see or do things unattainable in real life, exploring the virtual world, spending free time. With reference to the gratification paradigm, individual motivations were divided into: experiential (16 motives), functional (6 motives), social (3 motives). From the perspective of marketing managers, understanding the motivations of players allows them to describe the target market of their promotional activities inside the game environment. For game developers, it can help attract new and maintain current users.

Attitudes, beliefs, and behavior toward shoulder injury prevention in elite handball: Fertile ground for implementation.

We aimed to examine attitudes, beliefs, and current behavior toward risk factors and prevention of shoulder injuries, and to investigate the application of an exercise program during a cluster-randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent shoulder injuries in elite handball. All captains and coaches of 44 elite handball teams (22 male and 22 female) constituting the intervention (21 teams) and control arm (n=23 teams) in the trial were invited to take part in a survey. A questionnaire, based on the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework, addressing the end user perspective on risk factors and prevention of shoulder injuries, as well as key issues related to the application of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Shoulder Injury Prevention Programme, was distributed using electronic survey software. The response rate was 100%. Overall, the majority of coaches (84%) and captains (89%) believed that handball players are at high risk for shoulder injuries. All delivery agents in the trial reported to be familiar with the exercise program and the majority believed in a preventative effect (coaches 90% and captains 81%). Only a minority reported full compliance with the recommended frequency (coaches 29%, captains 14%), with program being too time-consuming (coaches 67%, captains 81%) and lack of player motivation (coaches 76%, captains 62%) as the main barriers. Our results suggest that there is fertile ground for implementation of the OSTRC Shoulder Injury Prevention Programme in elite handball, with program length and lack of player motivation as the main barriers to overcome.

ANALISIS PERBEDAAN GENRE GAME PADA GOOGLE PLAY MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK OCTALYSIS

Android-based games are divided into various genres so that there are many variations of the game that can be played but many game developers don't know how to develop games based on the player's perspective that is closely related to human computer interaction.&#x0D; The purpose of this study was to find out the strongest characteristics of player motivation in each genre available on Google Play using Octalysis framework based on design and gameplay so that differences in player motivation were found. The Octalysis Framework has been used by many companies to make gamification products, because in gamification there are game elements so that they can be used to analyze game products.&#x0D; With this research, it is expected that each genre has the strength of characteristics and weaknesses as a benchmark of data for developers and game designers to create more varied games.

Encouraging intrinsic motivation in management training: The use of business simulation games

Business simulation games are one of the most effective tools for motivating and engaging players actively in the learning experience. In this context, understanding which factors promote the intrinsic motivation of players is of primary importance. Self-determination theory (a theory of human motivation) postulates that contexts that support satisfaction of the three innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness allow individuals to maintain intrinsic motivation. However, no previous research has applied this theory to explain motivation while playing business simulation games. To address this gap, we propose that satisfaction of the needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness influences players’ intrinsic motivation, which in turn facilitates engagement. This study also explores the impact of intrinsic motivation and engagement on the development of generic skills and perceived learning. Based on a survey of 360 undergraduate business students who used a business simulation game, the findings provide support for most of the hypothesized relationships.

Adult Reports of Pokémon GO Play: Stronger Parasocial Relationships Predict Increased Nostalgia and Decreased App Play

Lack of physical activity is often associated with electronic media use. However, augmented reality exergames require player movement, making them a potential health application (app). In the exergame Pokémon GO, characters were embedded into the external environment through a live camera feed and viewed through a player’s smartphone screen. Online surveys from adults ( N = 230) who played the Pokémon GO app reported about their childhood emotionally tinged, parasocial relationships with a favorite Pokémon character, motivations to play Pokémon GO, and frequency of Pokémon GO play. Those who had stronger childhood parasocial relationships with a Pokémon character reported playing the Pokémon GO app for nostalgic reasons but reported less frequent app play. Older participants were motivated to play Pokémon GO to increase their physical activity levels and reported more frequent app play. The findings suggest that the age and motivations of players are important considerations for exergame design.

Impact of training on employee motivation in human resources management

It’s a well-known fact that we are living in a dynamic environment full of unlimited demands. This rapid change makes the competition be stronger and leads the foundations compatible on technological improvement. Thus, companies try to find new alternatives so as to provide sustainable ways among others. Scientific approaches in human resources management (HRM) can be taken into account as one of these solutions because training activities not only invest in the qualifications of employees but also add value to the motivation of the team players. This fact helps the effectiveness of the organizational structure.This study is completed in a big scale company on the service field for the domestic market. The aim is to recognize the impact level of the training, depending on its relation with motivation. Hence, the study is divided into three main phases. In the first step, the gaps of the literature are determined and the literature search is summarized. Secondly, the case study is completed with the scientific approach, SPSS and in the final step, results in the conclusion support the hypothesis. Therefore, training can be thought as a key player for improving the motivation.

Futbol Altyapı Sporcularında Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları ile Başarı Motivasyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

In this research, the relationship between success motivations of young football players and parental attitudes they perceived are examined. The infrastructure athletes of three major sports clubs in the province of Istanbul have been identified as the sample for examining the relationship between success motivations of football players and parental attitudes they perceive. The Parent Attitude Scale and Sports- Specific Achievement Motivation Scale were applied to 303 young football players for his research. Theresults of the research are very valuable and significant results. There is a positive and moderate correlation between Parents’ Attitude and Sport Motivation (0,412). Parents’ Attitudes are in a positive but low-severity relationship with the sub-dimensions of the Sports-Specific Achievement Motivation. Sports-specific achievement motivation is not in a statistically significant relationship with the democratic attitude while it is in a positive relationship with the sub-dimensions of the protective-requester attitude and authoritarian attitude. According to the results of the research, the attitudes of the parents were effective on the sport motivation of the child. While protective and authoritarian parental attitudes negatively affect the child’s sport motivation, democratic parental attitudes positively affect the child. Childrens who grow up in a democratic environment do not escape inefficacy. At that time, for the raising healthy and advenced individuals parents should raise should raise their children in a structure that gives children the right to speak, gives importance to the choices, needs and expectations of the child and gives responsibility to the child.

대학축구 선수들의 내적동기에 관한 계층적 회귀분석 모형

대학축구 선수들의 내적동기에 관한 계층적 회귀분석 모형