Plausibility Check Research Articles

The Plausibility Check of Governmental and Legal Intervention to the Free Market System

The notion that the market plays a significant role in empowering national economies has been consistently supported by several academic studies and corroborated by historical evidence. However, the process of achieving sustainable and inclusive economic development necessitates more than just relying on the free market system as the sole driving force. This study employs a literature review as the research methodology to initially examine the advantages of the market in terms of economic development. Additionally, it delves deeper into investigating the potential adverse consequences resulting from unrestricted market freedom. In the absence of government intervention, the free market may succumb to the influence of the affluent, ultimately diminishing its capacity to stimulate economic growth. This paper draws upon the principles of microeconomic theories, institutional economic theories, and economic law theories to argue that the activities of economic agents in the free market should be subject to institutional regulations in the form of rules and laws. Such regulations are necessary to ensure that the free market can have a positive impact on both the economy and the welfare of the nation's citizens.

PharmoCo: a graph-based visualization of pharmacogenomic plausibility check reports for clinical decision support systems.

The first approaches in recent years for the integration of pharmacogenomic plausibility checks into clinical practice show both a promising improvement in the drug therapy safety, but also difficulties in application. One of the difficulties is the meaningful interpretation of the text-based results by the medical practitioner. We propose here as an appropriate and sensible solution to avoid misunderstandings and to include evidence-based, pharmacogenomic recommendations in prescriptions, which should be the graph-based visualization of the reports. This allows for a plausible interpretation and relate complex, even contradictory guidelines. The improved overview over the pharmacogenomics (PGx) guidelines using the graphical visualization makes the medical practitioner's choice of dose and medication more patient-specific, improves the treatment outcome and thus, increases the drug therapy safety.

A zlog-based algorithm and tool for plausibility checks of reference intervals.

Laboratory information systems typically contain hundreds or even thousands of reference limits stratified by sex and age. Since under these conditions a manual plausibility check is hardly feasible, we have developed a simple algorithm that facilitates this check. Anopen-source R tool is available as a Shiny application atgithub.com/SandraKla/Zlog_AdRI. Based on the zlog standardization, we can possibly detect critical jumps at the transitions between age groups, regardless of the analytical method or the measuring unit. Its advantage compared to the standard z-value is that means and standard deviations are calculated from the reference limits rather than from the underlying data itself. The purpose of the tool is illustrated by the example of reference intervals of children and adolescents from the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER). The Shiny application identifies the zlog values, lists them in a colored table format and plots them additionally with the specified reference intervals. The algorithm detected several strong and rapid changes in reference intervals from the neonatal period to puberty. Remarkable jumps with absolute zlog values of more than five were seenfor 29 out of 192 reference limits (15.1%). This might be attenuated by introducing shorter time periods or mathematical functions of reference limits over age. Age-partitioned reference intervals will remain the standard in laboratory routine for the foreseeable future, and as such, algorithmic approaches like ourzlog approach in the presented Shiny application willremain valuable tools for testing their plausibility ona wide scale.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing – methodological aspects

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) allows for a non-invasive assessment of the integrative response of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle system during exercise. Therefore CPET in sports medicine covers a wide spectrum, ranging from diagnosis of disease, preoperative assessment, to athlete monitoring. High standards of reliability and validity are needed to ensure high-quality and diagnostically conclusive CPET data, necessitating a systematic process of quality assurance and control in the daily application of CPET. Therefore, methodological aspects such as CPET equipment principles, calibration, verification, maintenance, preparation, and plausibility checks need to be considered. As inter-technology, inter-device, and inter-unit differences in reliability and validity are reported for automated metabolic analyzers, the choice of the appropriate device should follow the purpose of use and comprehensible data on reliability and validity. To ensure high-quality measurements, careful calibration, and verification of all sensors, the integrated overall measurement performance, and maintenance of all equipment need to be performed and monitored longitudinally. Further, standardized ambient conditions, with adequate circulation and exchange of room air are essential. As the choice of the ergometer and protocol influences various target values in CPET, appropriateness for the selected diagnostic objective as well as a corresponding standardization is needed. While patients should receive pretest information that clearly outlines the test procedure, the correct attachment of the CPET equipment is of utmost importance. To detect and correct malfunctions of the metabolic analyzer and equipment, plausibility checks of the outcome measures validity should be performed during the resting, unloaded, loaded, and recovery test phase. A basic plausibility check should include adequate rest values and increases for a given workload rate of minute ventilation ( ˙VE), oxygen consumption ( ˙VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), using rules of thumb by Rühle. Before the final data interpretation is performed, e.g. ventilatory threshold or maximum oxygen consumption (˙VO2max) or ˙VO2peak determination, again a plausibility check should be performed and the patient‘s effort whether or not maximal should be determined. Consequently, a standard operating procedure for quality assurance and control, including an intuitive data visualization with thresholds for “pass”, “fail” or outliers and trends of concerns should be specifically defined, taught, and implemented in each facility. Key Words: CPET, Exercise Testing, Physical Fitness

Approach and application to transfer heterogeneous simulation data from finite element analysis to neural networks

AbstractThe simulation of product behavior is a vital part of current virtual product development. It can be expected that soon there will be more product simulations due to the availability of easy-to-use finite element analysis software and computational power. Consequently, the amount of accessible new simulation data adds up to the already existing amount. However, even when using easy-to-use finite element software tools, errors can occur during the setup of finite element simulations, and users should be warned about certain mistakes by automatic algorithms. To use the vast amount of available finite element simulations for a data-driven finite element support tool, in this paper, a methodology will be presented to transform different finite element simulations to unified matrices. The procedure is based on the projection of nodes onto a detector sphere, which is converted into a matrix in the next step. The generated matrices represent the simulation and can be described as the DNA of a finite element simulation. They can be used as an input for any machine learning model, such as convolutional neural networks. The essential steps of preprocessing the data and an application with a large dataset are part of this contribution. The trained network can then be used for an automatic plausibility check for new simulations, based on the previous simulation data from the past. This can result in a tool for automatic plausibility checks and can be the backbone for a feedback system for less experienced users.

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Message Content Plausibility Check for Platoons through Low-Power Beaconing

Although the IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) and 3GPP Cellular V2X deployments are imminent, their standards do not yet cover an important security aspect; the message content plausibility check. In safety-critical driving situations, vehicles cannot blindly trust the content of received safety messages, because an attacker may have forged false values in it in order to cause unsafe response from the receiving vehicles. In particular, the attacks mounted from remote, well-hidden positions around roads are considered the most apparent danger. So far, there have been three approaches to validating V2X message content: checking based on sensor fusion, behavior analysis, and communication constraints. This paper discusses the three existing approaches. In addition, it discusses a communication-based checking scheme that supplements the existing approaches. It uses low-power transmission of vehicle identifiers to identify remote attackers. We demonstrate its potential address in the case of an autonomous vehicle platooning application.

Application and Simulation Study of Stress-Dependent Weibull Lifetime Models

Different Weibull lifetime models are presented whose scale, shape and minimum lifetime parameters are stress-dependent. This allows describing and predicting the lifetime of products with a Weibull distribution more accurately wherever stress-dependence applies to the failure mechanism. For instance, this is the case for failures due to fatigue, on which this paper focusses. The proposed procedure encompasses a two-step maximum likelihood estimation and a Fisher matrix (FM) confidence bounds calculation, followed by a model evaluation. This model evaluation is conducted by means of a general plausibility check (PC), likelihood ratio test (LRT) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Their applicability to accelerated life test data is discussed and validated using test data. Finally, a simulation study confirms a wide range of applicability.

Improvement of Data Quality and Reduced Time for Data Clearing via Computer-Assisted Plausibility Checks

Due to the complexity of studies with peripheral artery disease in the past, data clearing for such studies lasted intolerably long. This could partly be improved by increasing on-site monitoring frequency and duration. In order to improve data quality and reduce time for data clearing further, a computer-assisted plausibility check program was established prior to initiating a multicenter, multinational study concept (PARTNER concept) (1).In four completed studies (total N = 512 in 36 centers all over Europe) the number of correction lists and inquiries due to open questions after completion of the recruitment period could be remarkably lowered in comparison to previous studies where no computer-assisted plausibility check was employed. The number of missing values was reduced to a minimum (100% of the data with regard to both primary endpoints were available). The number of correction sheets that had to be filled in by the investigator was 3.4 sheets per patient in the study with early plausibility chec...

Short‐term load forecast by plausibility checking of announced demand: An expert‐system approach

AbstractShort‐Term Load Forecast at Verbundgesellschaft (VG ‐ the Austrian Electricity Board) is presented. As the VG has only regional utilities and large industries as purchasers, classical forecast methods are not appropriate. Much more suitable is a plausibility check of a set of announced purchasers demands, for which an expert system has been developed for one to three days ahead forecasts. It has been realized with the help of a rule‐oriented expert system shell based on Prolog, and contains about 250 rules. Normal days as well as special days are considered. The prototype has been tested at the central dispatcher of the VG since autumn 1990. Results and acceptance by the users are promising.

Plausibility Check of Chemical Coding by Computer Using a Modified Derwent Robins Program

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlausibility Check of Chemical Coding by Computer Using a Modified Derwent Robins ProgramJ. Fitting, H. Lehna, and K. SpechtCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1974, 14, 2, 76–79Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/c160053a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (352 KB) Get e-Alerts