Platelet-rich Plasma Research Articles

Adipose tissue-derived injectable products combined with platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of osteoarthritis: the promising preclinical results are not confirmed by the clinical evidence.

The association of adipose tissue-derived injectable products with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been promoted for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the potential of this combined approach to treat OA. A systematic review was performed in January 2024 on five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web-of-Science) to identify preclinical in vivo and clinical studies. Safety, OA biomarker changes, and outcomes in terms of clinical and imaging results were analyzed. The quality of studies was assessed with the SYRCLE's tool for preclinical studies and the Downs and Black checklist for clinical studies. Ten preclinical studies (223 animals) and 14 clinical studies (594 patients) were included. Preclinical results documented improvements at the cartilage histological and immunohistochemical evaluation and at the biomarkers level. Clinical studies confirmed the procedure's safety, and the case series suggested satisfactory results in different joints in terms of symptoms and function improvement, with positive findings at the biomarker level. However, the randomized controlled trials did not document any clinical benefit, nor any changes in the imaging analysis. A large heterogeneity and overall poor quality were documented in both preclinical and clinical studies. There is an increasing interest in the use of adipose tissue-derived injectable products associated with PRP for the treatment of OA joints, with preclinical studies showing promising results with this combined approach. However, clinical studies did not confirm the benefits offered by PRP augmentation to adipose tissue-derived injectable products in patients affected by OA.

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on intra-abdominal adhesions in rabbit uterine horn model

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on intra-abdominal adhesions in rabbit uterine horn model

A Systematic Review of Case Series and Clinical Trials Investigating Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Vitiligo.

The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of various regenerative medicine treatments, such as cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma-poor platelet (PPP), plasma-rich fibrin (PRF), mesenchymal stem cells, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), exosomes, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), and stem cell-conditioned media (SC-CM), for treating vitiligo. We conducted a thorough search of major databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and selected 48 articles based on specific criteria. We used EndNote X8 and Google Sheets to review and extract data from the articles. After analyzing the studies, we categorized them accordingly. This systematic review analyzed 48 articles involving 2186 patients with vitiligo to assess the effectiveness of regenerative medicine treatments. Key findings revealed that methods such as autologous non-cultured melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection exhibited significant repigmentation, particularly when combined with modalities like NB-UVB phototherapy and laser treatments. Notably, the autologous melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation achieved over 50% repigmentation within 9 months, while PRP demonstrated an average repigmentation of 58.7%, especially effective with CO2 laser treatment. Hair follicle-derived cell transplantation also showed impressive response rates, achieving good to excellent results in up to 93.8% of patients. Side effects were noted in 21 of 28 studies, primarily involving pain, with no serious adverse events reported. The risk of bias assessment indicated that 37.21% of studies were low risk, while 48.84% had high risks overall. These findings suggest that while regenerative medicine holds promise for vitiligo treatment, further clinical trials are necessary to explore additional methods like stromal vascular fraction and exosomes. We have concluded that regenerative medicine plays an effective role in the treatment of vitiligo lesions. Furthermore, this treatment method is safe and does not cause serious complications. It can be used alone or in combination with other methods for treating vitiligo. To advance the treatment of vitiligo, we recommend conducting clinical trials on the unexplored branches of regenerative medicine.

A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Complex Wounds: Influential Clinical Variables on Wound Healing Outcomes.

Objective: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown promising outcomes in treating wounds, but the profile of patients benefiting most from this therapy is not known. This study aimed to identify influential variables in the success of this therapy, analyzing its personalized therapeutic potential for complex wounds. Approach: A prospective observational study was conducted in elderly patients with complex wounds receiving autologous PRP. Patient's data about sociodemographic parameters, comorbidities, frailty (FI-VIG score), complete blood count including albumin, wound depth, location, chronicity, and etiology were collected at the beginning of the study. The wound area was monitored weekly. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, longitudinal data analysis, and survival analysis. Results: Ninety-seven elderly patients were included. The FI-VIG, baseline wound area, depth, and etiology were significantly correlated with wound outcome. Strong differences in wound area variation from treatment initiation were observed in healed wounds (13% reduction/week) compared with stagnant and complicated wounds (1 and 2% reduction/week, respectively). The healing time analysis showed that nearly 80% of patients required at least 15 weeks for complete healing. In addition, patients with smaller wound sizes, younger age, or lower FI-VIG scores had shorter healing times. Innovation: This is the first study that identifies prognostic indicators for wound outcomes to guide clinician decision-making for using autologous PRP. It also highlights the relevance of patient health baseline and wound features and evolution for the success of this therapy. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that personalizing autologous PRP therapy to treat complex wounds in elderly patients is possible.

Innovative Marine-Sourced Hydroxyapatite, Chitosan, Collagen, and Gelatin for Eco-Friendly Bone and Cartilage Regeneration.

In recent years, the exploration of sustainable alternatives in the field of bone tissue engineering has led researchers to focus on marine waste byproducts as a valuable resource. These marine resources, often overlooked remnants of various industries, exhibit a rich composition of hydroxyapatite, collagen, calcium carbonate, and other minerals essential to the complex framework of bone structure. Marine waste by-products can emit gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, highlighting the urgency to repurpose these materials for innovative tissue regeneration solutions, offering a sustainable approach to address environmental challenges while advancing medical science. Using these discarded materials offers a promising pathway for sustainable development in regenerative medicine. This review investigates the distinctive properties of marine waste byproducts, emphasizing their capacity to be recycled effectively to contribute to the rebuilding of bone and cartilage tissue during regeneration processes. We also highlight the compatibility of these resources with biological materials such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cells, exosomes, and natural bioproducts, as well as nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers. By using the natural potential of these resources, we simultaneously address environmental challenges and promote innovative solutions in skeletal tissue engineering, initiating a new era of environmentally green biomedical research.

The ameliorative potential of platelet-rich plasma and exosome on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced uremic encephalopathy in rats.

Uremic Encephalopathy results from the elevation of toxins and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury is the principal cause of acute kidney injury and brain tissue injury. The present study was crafted to estimate the restorative impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and exosome injection before the reperfusion phase on the kidney following renal I/R injury and its influence on brain tissue by tracking the histopathological, biochemical, and Doppler ultrasonography alternations in both kidney and brain tissue. Forty mature male rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, I/R, PRP, exosome, and Exosome + PRP. Renal Doppler ultrasonography was traced for all rats. Serum kidney functions and acetylcholine esterase enzyme (AchE) were evaluated. Both Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were assessed in brain tissues. The oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), anti-oxidative (glutathione and catalase), and pro-inflammatory (Tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6) markers were estimated in renal tissues. Additionally, morphometric histological examination was performed in both renal and brain tissues. Both PRP and exosome-received rats exhibited a significant improvement in both serum kidney functions and AchE compared to I/R rats. There was a 3.39-fold increase in GABA and a 2.27-fold decrease in glutamate levels in the brain tissue of PRP rats compared to the I/R rats. A significant elevation (P ≤ 0.0001) of glutathione and catalase besides a significant reduction in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was observed in renal tissue compared to I/R rats. A significant severe reduction (P < 0.0001) in the number of Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells in the cerebellar cortex, and the CA1 region in the hippocampus was observed in I/R rats which was significantly alleviated by both PRP and exosome. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in Doppler parameters. PRP exerted a significant superior impact on the restoration of kidney functions and repairing uremic-induced damage in brain tissue.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone Versus Combined With Microneedles or Radiofrequency for Neck Wrinkle Treatment.

Neck wrinkles are a prominent characteristic of skin aging, with recent studies indicating that interventions such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), microneedling (MN), and radiofrequency (RF) can effectively rejuvenate aging skin. This study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of three treatment modalities in addressing neck wrinkles. Fifteen female participants with a neck Lemperle Wrinkle Assessment Scale (WAS) score of 3-4 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: PRP injection, MN + PRP topical PRP application, and RF + PRP injection. They received treatment once a month for three consecutive months, and a clinical outcome evaluation was performed at 1 and 6 months after the final treatment. The WAS scores and global aesthetic improvement score (GAIS) demonstrated notable enhancements 1 month postfinal treatment across all three groups, with a notably greater number of participants experiencing improved outcomes in the RF + PRP group 6 months posttreatment. Specifically, at the 1-month follow-up, the RF + PRP group exhibited a statistically significant enhancement in skin elasticity and collagen, surpassing the improvements observed in the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant disparities in skin elasticity and collagen were detected in all groups prior to and after 6 months of treatment. Adverse events were mild and transient, such as redness, swelling, bruising, and pain. This study revealed that all the treatments can effectively improve neck wrinkles 1 month after the last treatment. A better therapeutic effect could be observed in the RF + PRP group compared with the other two groups at 6 months after the last treatment.

Comparison of the efficacy of autologous Lp-PRP and Lr-PRP for treating intervertebral disc degeneration: in vitro and in vivo study

BackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) was the most common cause of low back pain. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has the potential to repair IDD, however, there is still no conclusion on whether Leukocyte-poor platelet rich plasma (Lp-PRP) or Leukocyte-rich platelet rich plasma (Lr-PRP) is better for the treatment of IDD.MethodsFirst, we conducted an in vitro study to compare the effects of autologous Lp-PRP and Lr-PRP on human degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Then we verified the in vivo effects of autologous Lp-PRP and Lr-PRP in treating disc degeneration through a rabbit IDD model.ResultsThe in vitro study showed both autologous Lp-PRP and Lr-PRP can promote the cell proliferation, the synthesis of COL II and Aggrecan of human degenerated NP cells, while Lp-PRP are better than Lr-PRP (P<0.05). In addition, only Lp-PRP can inhibit the apoptosis of human degenerated NP cells (P<0.05), whereas Lr-PRP activates the catabolism on the contrary (P<0.05). Further, the in vivo study through the rabbit IDD model verified that autologous Lp-PRP has better effects than autologous Lr-PRP in repairing IDD according to X-ray, MRI, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment (P<0.05, respectively). And the caspase-3 IHC results also showed that only autologous Lp-PRP treatment could inhibit apoptosis of NP cells in the rabbit IDD model (P<0.05).ConclusionCombining in vivo and in vitro studies, the present study confirmed that autologous Lp-PRP has a better effect than autologous Lr-PRP in repairing IDD, which may be due to the inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-1β, etc.) in Lr-PRP antagonizing part of the repair effects and promoting the catabolism additionally. Therefore, our findings suggest that Lp-PRP may provide better results than Lr-PRP for treating IDD. Further randomized clinical trials will provide evidence to guide practice.

Platelet-rich plasma ameliorates dexamethasone-induced myopathy by suppressing autophagy and enhancing myogenic potential through modulation of Myo-D, Pax-7, and myogenin expression

BackgroundMuscle tissue is essential for overall well-being that declines with age and different illnesses. Glucocorticoids, despite being efficient in treating inflammation, can induce muscle weakness (known as glucocorticoid-induced myopathy) by affecting protein breakdown and synthesis. Glucocorticoids have a negative impact on satellite cells, which play a role in muscle regeneration. Platelet rich plasma (PRP), containing concentrated growth factors, has a potential role in enhancing tissue repair and could be used to ameliorates combat muscle wasting caused by glucocorticoids. AimThe purpose of this study was to identify how PRP can affect dexamethasone-induced myopathy in a rat model. MethodsTwenty-four male rats were divided into four equal groups: control, PRP, steroid (dexamethasone) treated for induction of myopathy, and steroid then treated with PRP for three weeks. Skeletal muscle contractile properties, protein content of the muscle, oxidative stress markers, histological structure, myogenin gene expression and immunohistochemical expression of Myo-D, Pax-7 and LC3 were assessed. Resultsdexamethasone caused significant muscle weakness, decreased protein content, increased oxidative stress, decreased expression of myogenic genes and upregulated LC3 expression. PRP administration significantly improved muscle function, increased protein content, reduced oxidative stress, and upregulated myogenic genes. Histological results confirmed these findings. Additionally, PRP decreased autophagy marker LC3 expression and increased muscle stem cell markers MyoD and Pax7. ConclusionThese results suggested that PRP could effectively prevent and reverse dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by promoting muscle protein synthesis, reducing oxidative stress, decreasing autophagy, and enhancing muscle stem cell activity. This study supports the potential role of PRP as a therapeutic strategy for muscle wasting disorders.

A nanofibrous polycaprolactone/collagen neural guidance channel filled with sciatic allogeneic schwann cells and platelet-rich plasma for sciatic nerve repair.

Sciatic nerve damage, a common condition affecting approximately 2.8% of the US population, can lead to significant disability due to impaired nerve signal transmission, resulting in loss of sensation and motor function in the lower extremities. In this study, a neural guidance channel was developed by rolling a nanofibrous scaffold produced via electrospinning. The scaffold's microstructure, biocompatibility, biodegradation rate, porosity, mechanical properties, and hemocompatibility were evaluated. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activated with 30,000 allogeneic Schwann cells (SCs) was injected into the lumen of the channels following implantation into a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Recovery of motor function, sensory function, and muscle re-innervation was assessed using the sciatic function index (SFI), hot plate latency time, and gastrocnemius muscle wet weight loss. Results showed mean hot plate latency times of Autograft: 7.03, PCL/collagen scaffolds loaded with PRP and SCs (PCLCOLPRPSCs): 8.34, polymer-only scaffolds (PCLCOL): 10.66, and untreated animals (Negative Control): 12.00. The mean SFI values at week eight were Autograft: -49.30, PCLCOLPRPSCs: -64.29, PCLCOL: -75.62, and Negative Control: -77.14. The PCLCOLPRPSCs group showed a more negative SFI compared to the Autograft group but performed better than both the PCLCOL and Negative Control groups. These findings suggest that the developed strategy enhanced sensory and functional recovery compared to the negative control and polymer-only scaffold groups.

Randomised Control Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma and Local Corticosteroids Injection in Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis

Randomised Control Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma and Local Corticosteroids Injection in Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis

Effect of Different Concentrations of PRP on the Expression of Factors Involved in the Endometrial Receptivity in the Human Endometrial Cells from RIF Patients Compared to the Controls.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested for the improvement of endometrial growth and receptivity in the patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of different concentration of PRP on the expression of genes involved in the endometrial receptivity in the human endometrial cells from RIF and controls with thin and normal endometrium in vitro. In this cross-sectional study, endometrial biopsies were obtained from 14 healthy fertile women and 14 women with RIF. Endometrial cells from 4 different group (RIF and control with endometrial thickness < 7mm and > 7mm) were cultured with three different concentration of PRP 3%, 5% and 10%. Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), COX2 and P53, estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) genes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein expression levels of LIF, COX2 and p53 were evaluated using Western Blot method (WB). There was a significant decrease in the expression of PROA/b, ER2/b, LIF/b, COX2/b and P53/b genes in the RIF groups compared to the controls. Treatment with 5% and 10% PRP caused a significant increase in the gene expression of PRs, ERs, LIF/b, COX2/b and p53 in the RIF groups. Moreover, protein expression of COX2/b, LIF/b and p53/b increased following treatment with PRP in the RIF group with the endometrium thickness < 7mm. PRP enhances expression of LIF, COX2, p53, ERs and PRs in the RIF patients with thin endometrium which may improve endometrium receptivity.

High-volume injections in Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review.

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is common, particularly in runners. High-volume injections (HVIs) may be beneficial in the management of AT compared to other conservative management options, including exercise regimens, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy. The published research on the effectiveness of HVI in the treatment of AT was evaluated in this systematic review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed when conducting this systematic review. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, and OVID were thoroughly searched, from inception to 13 September 2023, for articles assessing HVI for AT. A total of 10 studies with 460 participants met the inclusion criteria. HVI typically consisted of saline, local anaesthetic, and corticosteroids. HVI combined with corticosteroids demonstrated immediate and long-term improvements in ankle function. Compared to HVI without corticosteroids, HVI with corticosteroids exhibited greater, early improvements in pain and function, with no significant differences at later follow-up points. Significant reductions in tendon thickness and neovascularity were also found with HVI treatment over time. No adverse events were reported with HVI, despite the use of corticosteroids. HVI is an effective and safe modality, particularly in the short term, to significantly reduce pain and discomfort in the Achilles tendon, especially when supplemented with corticosteroids. More robust randomized controlled trials, with longer-term follow-ups and homogeneity, are needed to fully establish its efficacy for AT.

Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma present a novel potential in repairing knee articular cartilage defect combined with cyclic peptide-modified β-TCP scaffold

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PRP-exos combined with cyclic peptide-modified β-TCP scaffold in the treatment of rabbit knee cartilage defect.MethodsPRP-exos were extracted and characterized by TEM, NTA and WB. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by ICRS score, HE staining, Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and ELISA. The repair mechanism of PRP-exos was estimated and predicted by miRNA sequencing analysis and protein–protein interaction network analysis.ResultsThe results showed that PRP-exos had a reasonable size distribution and exhibited typical exosome morphology. The combination of PRP-exos and cyclic peptide-modified β-TCP scaffold improved ICRS score and the expression level of COL-2, RUNX2, and SOX9. Moreover, this combination therapy reduced the level of MMP-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while increasing the level of TIMP-1. In PRP-exos miRNA sequencing analysis, the total number of known miRNAs aligned across all samples was 252, and a total of 91 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis and the protein–protein interaction network analysis indicated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could impact the function of chondrocytes by regulating key transcription factors to repair cartilage defect.ConclusionPRP-exos combined with cyclic peptide-modified β-TCP scaffold effectively promoted cartilage repair and improved chondrocyte function in rabbit knee cartilage defect. Based on the analysis and prediction of PRP-exos miRNAs sequencing, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may contribute to the therapeutic effect. These findings provide experimental evidence for the application of PRP-exos in the treatment of cartilage defect.

Second generation multiple channeling using platelet-rich plasma enhances cartilage repair through recruitment of endogenous MSCs in bone marrow.

In the treatment of cartilage defects, a key factor is the adequate and specific recruitment of endogenous stem cells to the site of injury. However, the limited quantity and capability of endogenous bone marrow stem cells (BM MSCs) often result in the formation of fibrocartilage when using bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. We engineered second-generation platelet-rich plasma (2G PRP) with defibrinogenating and antifibrinolytic agents for injection into the condyle of the right femur, followed by multiple channeling (MCh) 5 days later. This approach aims to enhance repair by promoting the local proliferation and migration of BM MSCs to the full-thickness knee cartilage defect (ftKD). In our in vitro study, 2G PRP increased the number of endogenous BM MSCs and their ability to migrate toward an IL-1β-induced inflammatory condition. This significance was further confirmed by in vivo proliferation results after injection of 2G PRP into the condyle of rats. Fifty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (ftKD, MCh, 2G MCh) for 3 time points (2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks). The 2G MCh (2G PRP injection + MCh) groups significantly improved cartilage formation at 4 and 8 weeks compared to the ftKD and MCh groups. The 2G MCh initiated cartilage repair earlier than MCh and significantly enhanced up to 8 weeks. This study demonstrated that 2G PRP increased the number of BM MSCs through the enhancement of proliferation and recruitment into the injured site, thereby improving articular cartilage repair.

Application of Raman spectroscopy using an original optical sensor to assess the laboratory efficacy of antiplatelet drugs

The main method for monitoring the laboratory effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs in modern clinical practice is aggregometry, but this method is not without limitations. In this connection, there is an objective need to develop alternative methods. One of the promising areas is the method of Raman spectroscopy (RS).Objective: development of a method to detect high residual platelet reactivity (RPR) in patients with CVD receiving acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or clopidogrel by giant Raman spectroscopy (GRS) using an original optical biosensor.Material sand Methods. Platelet-rich plasma of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy using an original optical biosensor. Platelet aggregation activity was investigated using a Siemens PFA-200 aggregometer with three types of cartridges – Collagen/EPI, Collagen/ADP, and P2Y. Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis was performed using Statistica 13.0 package.Results. Raman spectra analysis using different values of frequency shifts (970 cm-1 or 1590 cm-1), allows to evaluate laboratory ineffectiveness separately for ASA and clopidogrel. Thus, the number of patients with high residual platelet reactivity (RPR) was 41.7 % ± 6.3 % with ASA and 36.7 % ± 6.2 % with clopidogrel therapy; similar values using aggregometry were 43.5 % ± 10.3 % and 30.4 % ± 9.6 %.Conclusion. Application of the method of Raman spectroscopy using the original optical biosensor allows to distinguish patients with high RPR in the population of patients with CVD receiving antiaggregant therapy.

Improvement in the Youthfulness of Facial Skin after a Single Treatment with Platelet Rich Plasma

Objective: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous substance widely used to stimulate dermal collagen synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a single PRP treatment for facial rejuvenation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand from August 2020 to March 2021. Enrolled patients underwent a single intradermal injection treatment of 0.1 mL PRP at 30 locations on the face. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-intervention using the patient-perceived age visual analog scale (VAS), FACE-Q assessment, and elasticity index (EI) with a Cutometer. Results: Forty Thai patients with an average age of 36.4 years, Fitzpatrick skin type 3-4 were enrolled. The mean Patient-perceived Age VAS significantly decreased one month after treatment (-2.71±2.42, p&lt;0.001). FACE-Q satisfaction with facial skin was 74.29±14.49, and satisfaction with the outcome was 73.41±16.26 (scale 0-100). The PRP significantly affected skin EI, with the peak improvement observed at 1-2 weeks post-injection, predominantly at the cheek, crow’s feet, and perioral area (all p&lt;0.05). All patients had an overall improvement in satisfaction scores throughout the study. Conclusion: A single treatment of PRP injection resulted in overall satisfaction in facial skin rejuvenation as measured by patient-perceived age VAS and FACE-Q assessment. The PRP showed positive outcomes in EI with peak performance at 1-2 weeks post-treatment.

Leukocyte Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Exosomes Restrained Macrophages Viability and Induced Apoptosis, NO Generation, and M1 Polarization.

Chronic refractory wounds refer to wounds that cannot be repaired timely. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has significant potential in chronic wound healing therapy. The exosomes isolated from PRP were proved to exhibit more effectiveness than PRP. However, the therapeutic potential of exosomes from PRP on chronic refractory wounds remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the action of exosomes from PRP on chronic refractory wounds by evaluating the response of macrophages to exosomes. Pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) and leukocyte platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) were prepared from the fasting venous blood of healthy volunteers. Exosomes were extracted from P-PRP and L-PRP using ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot. Macrophages were obtained by inducing THP-1 cells with phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA). The internalization of exosomes into macrophages was observed utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy after being labeled with PKH67. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was measured utilizing a flow cytometer. The polarization status of M1 and M2 macrophages were evaluated by detecting their markers. Nitric oxide (NO) detection was conducted using the commercial kit. Exosomes from P-PRP and L-PRP were absorbed by macrophages. Exosomes from L-PRP restrained viability and induced apoptosis of macrophages. Besides, exosomes from P-PRP promoted M2 polarization, and exosomes from L-PRP promoted M1 polarization. Furthermore, exosomes from L-PRP promoted NO generation of macrophages. Exosomes from L-PRP restrained viability, induced apoptosis and NO generation of macrophages, and promoted M1 polarization, while exosomes from P-PRP increased M2 polarization. The exosomes from L-PRP presented a more effective effect on macrophages than that from P-PRP, making it a promising strategy for chronic refractory wound management.

Identification of a Regenerative Protocol for Recellularizing Human Auricular Cartilage Scaffolds.

Utilizing biological scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering is a promising tool for improving auricular reconstruction. Decellularized auricular scaffolds provide a means of regenerating cartilage for in vivo implantation, but identifying the ideal regenerative mix remains challenging. Human cadaver auricular cartilage was decellularized and recellularized with either auricular chondrocytes alone, auricular chondrocytes with adipose-derived stem cells, or both cells with platelet-rich plasma. Confirmation of decellularization and recellularization was done by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Extracellular matrix preservation and production were determined by Masson's trichrome, Alcian blue, and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining. Collagen II assessments were made using immunohistochemistry. Decellularization of cadaver auricular cartilage was confirmed by the absence of cells, reduction in glycosaminoglycans, and the preservation of collagen and elastin. Recellularization was more efficient when chondrocytes were seeded with adipose-derived stem cells, which was enhanced by adding platelet-rich plasma. Coculture with platelet-rich plasma yielded better total collagen (56% increase) and glycosaminoglycan (47% increase) induction. Moreover, when platelet-rich plasma was added, collagen II induction was significantly increased (42%; P < 0.05). We identified a regenerative protocol that included auricular chondrocytes, adipose-derived stem cells, and platelet-rich plasma, which stimulated chondrogenesis on decellularized auricular cartilage. This finding provides a model to explore cartilage formation and the potential for improving auricular and cartilage-based reconstruction.

Evaluation of Rate of Space Closure Between Platelet Rich Plasma (Prp) Injection and Piezocision in Bimaxillary Protrusion Cases

Aim: Reducing orthodontic treatment duration is a significant concern for both patients and clinicians, as prolonged treatments can lead to complications like dental caries, root resorption, and decreased patient compliance. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two minimally invasive techniques—Piezocision and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection—in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement during space closure in patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Methods: Sixteen patients diagnosed with Angle's Class I bimaxillary protrusion requiring extraction of first premolars were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (n = 8) underwent Piezocision-assisted orthodontic treatment, while Group B (n = 8) received submucosal PRP injections. In both groups, one side of the maxillary arch served as the experimental side, and the contralateral side served as the control. Measurements of space closure were taken at the initiation of retraction (T₀) and after 90 days (T₁). Results: Both Piezocision and PRP significantly enhanced the rate of space closure compared to their control sides. However, Piezocision demonstrated a statistically faster rate of tooth movement than PRP injection. The mean difference in space closure between the Piezocision and PRP groups at T₁ was significant (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: While both Piezocision and PRP injections effectively accelerated orthodontic tooth movement, Piezocision proved to be more efficient in reducing treatment time. Clinicians may consider Piezocision as a preferred method for patients seeking expedited orthodontic treatment.