Platelet-rich Plasma Hydrogel Research Articles

Semi–Bone Tunnel Technique Using Double-Row Suture Bridge Combined With Platelet-Rich Plasma Hydrogel for Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rabbit Model

Background: The approach to managing the footprint area and reconstructing the tendon-bone interface (TBI) is critical for optimal healing. Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of the semi–bone tunnel (SBT) technique using a double-row suture bridge combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel for rotator cuff repair in a rabbit model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 48 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 4 groups. The supraspinatus tendons were severed at the footprint to create a rotator cuff tear model in the surgical groups. Rabbits were treated with the traditional onto-surface repair (control group), SBT technique (SBT group), and SBT technique combined with PRP hydrogel implantation (SBT+PRP group). The rabbits without surgery were the normal group. At 8 weeks after surgery, macroscopic observation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro–computed tomography (μCT) examinations, histological evaluations, and biomechanical tests were performed to assess the curative effects of the given treatments. Results: The MRI results showed that the repaired supraspinatus tendon presented a uniform signal, minimal inflammatory response, and the lowest signal-to-noise quotient value in the SBT+PRP group. The μCT results suggested that the SBT technique did not reduce the local bone mineral density in the TBI area compared with the onto-surface repair technique. The histological staining results showed that the regenerated TBI in the SBT+PRP group had a 4-layer structure similar to the natural tissue. The highest values for biomechanical properties were observed in the SBT+PRP group, and there was no significant difference between the SBT+PRP group and normal group. Conclusion: The SBT technique presented a better tendon-bone healing effect for rotator cuff tear in the rabbit model compared with the traditional onto-surface repair technique. The specimens in the SBT+PRP group had a similar TBI structure and biomechanical properties to the natural tissue. Clinical Relevance: The SBT technique can be an alternative surgical approach for rotator cuff repair, especially for moderate to large tears and cases requiring scaffold implantation.

ROS/pH dual responsive PRP-loaded multifunctional chitosan hydrogels with controlled release of growth factors for skin wound healing

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a variety of growth factors (GFs) and has been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including skin lesions. In particular, PRP with low immunogenicity will be more widely used. However, the explosive release of GFs limits its further application. In order to achieve controlled release of GFs, a multifunctional and reactive oxygen species (ROS)/pH dual responsive hydrogel was developed to load PRP derived from human cord blood for the treatment of skin wound healing. Based on the hydrogen bond and Schiff base interaction, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), oxidized dextran (Odex) and oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) were crosslinked to form CMCS/Odex/OPC/PRP hydrogel with good injectability, self-healing, adhesion, ROS scavenging, antibacterial activity, controlled and sustained release of GFs. In vitro cell experiments suggested that this hydrogel possessed excellent biocompatibility and could promote the proliferation and migration of L929. In vivo healing of full-layer skin wounds further indicated that the prepared hydrogel could regulate inflammation and promote epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. In summary, this present study demonstrates that CMCS/Odex/OPC/PRP hydrogel may serve as a promising multifunctional dressing for skin wound healing.

Combination of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and platelet-rich plasma hydrogel injection for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation

ObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel injection in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).MethodsA total of 98 consecutive patients with LDH who underwent either PELD combined with PRP hydrogel injection or PELD alone were reviewed. This retrospective study was performed between January 2019 and January 2021. Clinical outcomes were compared in the visual analog scale (VAS) for low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and Macnab criteria. Intervertebral disc height on MRI was measured, and the Pfirrmann grade classification was used pre-operatively and post-operatively.ResultsNo severe adverse events were reported during an 18-month follow-up period. VAS scores for back pain were decreased at 1 month, 3 months, and 18 months in the treatment group than that in the control group. JOA score and ODI in the treatment group at 3-month and 18-month follow-up was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rate of the Macnab criteria was 92.0% (46/50) in the treatment group and 89.6% (43/48) in the control group (P > 0.05). The comparison of Pfirrmann grading and disc height at 18-month follow-up showed significant difference in two groups (P < 0.05). The recurrence of LDH in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe suggest that PELD combined with PRP hydrogel injection to treat patients with LDH is a safe and promising method. PRP injection was beneficial for disc remodelling after PELD.

COMBINATION OF DECIDUAL DENTAL STEM CELL AND PLATELET RICH PLASMA IN FIBROBLAST FORMATION IN THE JAWBONE REGENERATION OF WISTAR RATS

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is caused by mechanichal forces that cause pseudo-inflammation with the result that FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factors) was activated. The combination of SHED (Stem Cell From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Theeth) and PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) hydrogels can affect the formation of fibroblast in the alveolar bone regeneration. The purpose of this study is the effect determination of SHED and PRP hydrogels for fibroblast formation in alveolar bone regeneration in wistar rats. Method: An experimental study was held using post-test only control group design. There were four groups, namely the PRP hydrogel group, the SHED hydrogel group, the SHED and PRP hydrogel group, and the povidone iodine group (n=8) treated with orthodontic tooth movement. Their mandibular tissue was made as histologycal slide, and the FGF expression were observed microscopically with 100x magnification. The data analyzed by ANNOVA and LSD test. Result: There was a significant effect of the combination of SHED and PRP hydrogel in ordering fibroblast in alveolar bone regeneration by ANNOVA test 0.001 (&lt;0.05). This is because SHED and PRP are able to stimulate FGF expression through external stimulation. Conclusion: It concluded that the combination of SHED and PRP hydrogel affected fibroblast formation on alveolar bone regeneration in wistar rats

Platelet rich plasma–complexed hydrogel glue enhances skin wound healing in a diabetic rat model

Diabetic patients often exhibit delayed or incomplete progress in the healing of acute wounds, owing to poor blood perfusion. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has attracted much attention as a means to improve wound healing, because it contains high growth factor concentrations. However, the burst-like release of PRP growth factors results in a short half-life of these therapeutic proteins, thus greatly limiting the therapeutic effect. In this study, we prepared PRP from human umbilical cord blood and developed an in situ photocrosslinkable PRP hydrogel glue (HNPRP) by adding a photoresponsive hyaluronic acid (HA-NB) into PRP. The HNPRP hydrogel allowed for controlled release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) for up to 28 days. In vitro cell culture showed that HNPRP promoted migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes as well as PRP and did not reveal the advantages of HNPRP. However, in a diabetic rat skin wound model, HNPRP treatment promoted faster wound closure. Furthermore, the HNPRP group, compared with the control, PRP and hydrogel only groups, showed significantly greater re-epithelialization and numbers of both newly formed and mature blood vessels. The HNPRP group also displayed higher collagen formation than did the control group. In conclusion, HNPRP enhances angiogenesis and skin regeneration and consequently achieves faster wound healing, thus extending its potential for clinical applications to treat diabetic skin wounds.

Platelet rich plasma hydrogels promote in vitro and in vivo angiogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells

Despite great advances in skin wound care utilizing grafting techniques, the resulting severe scarring, deformity and ineffective vascularization remains a challenge. Alternatively, tissue engineering of new skin using patient-derived stem cells and scaffolding materials promises to greatly increase the functional and aesthetic outcome of skin wound healing. This work focused on the optimization of a polyethylene glycol modified (PEGylated) platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hydrogel for the protracted release of cytokines, growth factors, and signaling molecules and also the delivery of a provisional physical framework for stem cell angiogenesis. Freshly collected whole blood was utilized to synthesize PEGylated PRP hydrogels containing platelet concentrations ranging from 0 to 200,000 platelets/µl. Hydrogels were characterized using thromboelastography and impedance aggregometry for platelet function and were visualized using scanning electron microscopy. To assess the effects of PEGylated PRP hydrogels on cells, PRP solutions were seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) prior to gelation. Following 14 days of incubation in vitro, increased platelet concentrations resulted in higher ASC proliferation and vascular gene and protein expression (assessed via RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunochemistry). Using a rat skin excision model, wounds treated with PRP + ASC hydrogels increased the number of vessels in the wound by day 8 (80.2 vs. 62.6 vessels/mm2) compared to controls. In conclusion, the proposed PEGylated PRP hydrogel promoted both in vitro and transient in vivo angiogenesis of ASCs for improved wound healing. Statement of SignificanceOur findings support an innovative means of cellular therapy intervention to improve surgical wound healing in a normal wound model. ASCs seeded within PEGylated PRP could be an efficacious and completely autologous therapy for treating patients who have poorly healing wounds caused by vascular insufficiency, previous irradiation, or full-thickness burns. Because wound healing is a dynamic and complex process, the application of more than one growth factor with ASCs demonstrates an advantageous way of improving healing.

An in situ photocrosslinkable platelet rich plasma - Complexed hydrogel glue with growth factor controlled release ability to promote cartilage defect repair.

In this study, we have developed a photocrosslinkable platelet rich plasma (PRP) - complexed hydrogel glue (HNPRP) for cartilage regeneration. The in situ formed HNPRP hydrogel glue showed not only the controlled release ability of growth factors, but also strong tissue adhesiveness, which could resolve the current problems in clinical application of PRP. Furthermore, HNPRP hydrogel glue could promote integrative hyaline cartilage regeneration, and its reparative efficacy for cartilage defect was better than thrombin activated PRP gel. This study provided not only an effective repair material for cartilage regeneration, but also developed an advanced method for PRP application.

Hydrogel and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined Treatment to Accelerate Wound Healing in a Nude Mouse Model.

BackgroundPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of growth factors involved in wound healing. Hydrogel is a 3-dimensional, hydrophilic, high-molecular, reticular substance generally used as a dressing formulation to accelerate wound healing, and also used as a bio-applicable scaffold or vehicle. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRP and hydrogel on wound healing, in combination and separately, in an animal wound model.MethodsA total of 64 wounds, with 2 wounds on the back of each nude mouse, were classified into 4 groups: a control group, a hydrogel-only group, a PRP-only group, and a combined-treatment group. All mice were assessed for changes in wound size and photographed on scheduled dates. The number of blood vessels was measured in all specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was used for the analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.ResultsDifferences in the decrease and change in wound size in the combined-treatment group were more significant than those in the single-treatment groups on days 3, 5, 7, and 10. Analysis of the number of blood vessels through histological examination showed a pattern of increase over time that occurred in all groups, but the combined-treatment group exhibited the greatest increase on days 7 and 14. Immunohistochemical staining showed that VEGF expression in the combined-treatment group exhibited its highest value on day 7.ConclusionsThis experiment demonstrated improved wound healing using a PRP–hydrogel combined treatment compared to either treatment individually, resulting in a decrease in wound size and a shortening of the healing period.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on chondrogenic differentiation in three-dimensional culture.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may have the potential to enhance articular cartilage regeneration through release of growth factors including transforming growth factor isoforms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for PRP to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in three-dimensional PRP hydrogel constructs. Allogenic PRP was prepared using a double centrifugation protocol which resulted in a platelet concentration approximately 250% above baseline. Canine marrow stromal cells were encapsulated at 6.8×106 cells/ml in either 2% sodium alginate or in a 3:1 mixture of freshly prepared PRP and 2% alginate. PRP and alginate beads were cultured in chemically defined chondrogenic medium with and without 10 ng/ml TGF-β3. PRP cultures were additionally supplemented with frozen-thawed PRP. In the absence of TGF-β3, PRP had a mild stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. PRP did not stimulate cell proliferation in the presence of TGF-β3. Cells exposed to TGF-β3 accumulated significantly more GAG/DNA than those which were not, but there was not a statistically significant difference between alginate and PRP. Total collagen content was greater in PRP than in alginate, regardless of TGF-β3. Chondrogenesis in PRP was qualitatively and spatially different than that which occurred in conventional alginate beads and was characterized by isolated centers of intense chondrogenesis. Overall the results demonstrate that PRP alone weakly promotes chondroinduction of marrow stromal cells, and the effect is greatly augmented by TGF-β3.