Platelet-rich Fibrin Research Articles

Role of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Management of Soft and Hard Tissue Periodontal Regeneration in Dentistry: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) has the capacity to release great amounts of several growth factors, as well as to stimulate increased fibroblast migration and the expression of collagen, transforming growth factor β, and platelet-derived growth factor. Consequently, i-PRF can be used as a bioactive agent to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. We aim to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of i-PRF in periodontal tissue regeneration. We will conduct an electronic search in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Papers will be restricted to those in English and to those that are randomized controlled trials comparing PRF or any other biomaterial with i-PRF for periodontal regeneration during dental treatment. The included papers in this review and the reference lists of pertinent reviews will be manually searched. The selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment will be carried out separately by 2 reviewers using the Risk of Bias 2 tool for the included research. The success of i-PRF will be evaluated by comparing the mean difference in periodontal regeneration of soft and hard tissues in terms of gingival recession, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bone gain, and gingival width. The combined effect size measurements and the associated 95% CIs will be estimated using a random-effects model. The synthesis or work for this systematic review started in October 2023 and will last until December 2025. i-PRF may play a role in dentistry and could enhance soft and hard tissue regeneration. PROSPERO CRD42023464250; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=464250. PRR1-10.2196/65137.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin on healing of burn wound with dual-species biofilm.

This study evaluated the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on burn wound with dual-species biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were applied to infect the burn wound in rats to establish a dual-species biofilm model. After infection, the wound was treated with ionized silver (AG), PRF, and PRP. Silver scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess adhesion after infection. PRF and PRP reduced wound size from day 8 after burn injuries, while AG significantly promoted burn wound healing at day 12. New collagen was formed in the shortest time in PRF and PRP groups compared to AG and control groups. PRF and PRP greatly lowered the bacterial numbers in wounds with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm, whereas AG showed weak bacteriostatic effects. AG, PRF, and PRP treatments significantly reduced inflammatory mediators and induced VEGFA. However, AG treatment increased TNF-α. PRF and PRP accelerate wound healing in the presence of dual-species biofilm infection and show strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, indicating that PRF and PRP could be potential therapies for burn wounds with dual-species biofilm infection.

A Comparison of the Dimensional Characteristics and Plasma Parameters of Different Centrifuges Used for the Preparation of Autologous Platelet Concentrates: A Randomized Correlational Study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane weights and measurements after production by different centrifuges. Moreover, the values obtained with blood cellular components were correlated. Twelve systemically healthy participants underwent dental implant surgery associated with PRF membranes as the graft biomaterial at the implant site. Prior to the surgical procedure, the chosen participants underwent blood count and coagulogram tests and presented on the surgical day. Nine tubes containing 10 mL of venous blood were collected from each individual. The tubes were randomly distributed and positioned in three different centrifuges: (C1) the Intra-lock L-PRF Process, (C2) the Kasvi Digital, and (C3) the PRF Montserrat. PRF membrane processing was carried out as described by each manufacturer. After the processing steps, the prepared wet PRFs (initial) were placed in the container (box) designated by the manufacturer for the obtention of PRF membranes. The weights and measurements of the "wet" PRFs (initial) and membranes (final) were obtained using a precision scale and digital caliper in an aseptic environment. The data were compared, and the statistical differences were analyzed using the Friedman test and the Dunn post hoc test; Pearson correlation tests were performed between macroscopic data and data from serum tests; statistical significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). 108 blood collection tubes were collected. The average harvest time for each tube individually was 21.5 ± 9.9 s. The average time for blood collection (nine tubes) from each of the 12 individuals was 193.1 ± 72.4 s (p = 0.728). The average values were very similar between the centrifuges, both for the measurements and weights of the "plugs" as well as for the linear measurements (p > 0.05). Regarding the wet weights and the linear averages of the PRF membranes, it was observed that the wet PRF weights varied from 0.22 to 0.25 mg and the linear measurements from 24.1 to 26.7 mm, with no statistical differences between centrifuges (p > 0.05). The data presented by centrifuges C1 and C2 were more homogeneous, delivering a value of less than 25% variability compared to the C3 centrifuge, which achieved values greater than 33%. The proposed macroscopic dimensional evaluation found no differences between the autologous platelet concentrates obtained by different centrifuges, and no correlation was found between these PRFs and the patients' blood counts.

Physicochemically Cross-linked Injectable Hydrogel: an Adhesive Skin Substitute for Burned Wound Therapy.

Burns carry a large surface area, varying in shapes and depths, and an elevated risk of infection. Regardless of the underlying etiology, burns pose significant medical challenges and a high mortality rate. Given the limitations of current therapies, tissue-engineering-based treatments for burns are inevitable. Herein, we developed a natural physicochemically cross-linked adhesive injectable skin substitute (SS) comprising chitosan (Ch) and silk fibroin (SF), cross-linked with tannic acid (TA) through hydrogen bonding, and incorporated with fresh platelet-rich fibrin (FPRF). SF was also chimerically cross-linked with riboflavin (RF) under visible light to ensure desirable biodegradability rate and nontoxicity. Double cross-linked SS exhibited a semibilayer (SBSS) structure with smaller pores in the upper layer. In the CaCl2-treated FPRF, the activated platelets augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived GF (PDGF) release. The resultant SBSS possessed optimal adhesion, hemocompatibility, and significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities (P ≤ 0.05). The rat liver injury model confirmed the rapid hemostatic effect of SBSS. Furthermore, the bottom layer of SBSS promoted L929 fibroblast growth, proliferation, and migration. SBSS-treated wounds showed lower inflammatory cells, earlier epithelialization, significant angiogenesis, and faster healing. The proposed SBSS could be an ideal remedy for burn wound therapy.

Treatment of gingival recession with vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access and advanced platelet-rich fibrin

ObjectivesThe current literature about the effect of advanced platelet rich fibrin(A-PRF) with vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique in treating gingival recession is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the current randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of A-PRF with VISTA technique in the treatment of Cairo class 1 gingival recession (RT1).MethodsTwenty-four patients who met the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated into two groups. VISTA + A-PRF was the treatment of the study group, while VISTA + collagen matrix was performed for the control group. The clinical outcomes were assessed by a single-blind assessor at baseline, three months, and six months. They were divided into primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcomes included recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), gingival thickness (GT), mean of root coverage % (MRC%), and width of attached gingiva (WAG) while the secondary outcome included clinical attachment level (CAL).ResultsThe primary outcomes analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvements in RD, RW, MRC%, GT, and WAG after 3 and 6 months in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the study group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement than the control group in RD, RW, and MRC%. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding GT and WAG.ConclusionsBoth treatment approaches were effective in the treating of RT1 adjacent gingival recessions. A-PRF showed promising results compared to collagen matrix.Trial registrationThe current randomized clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number: NCT06357351) and it was released on 10/04/2024.

Effectiveness and safety of topical autologous platelet-rich fibrin membrane with total contact cast versus perilesional injectable autologous platelet-rich plasma therapy with total contact cast in trophic ulcer due to leprosy: A randomised controlled trial

Introduction With a vision of a 90% reduction of grade 2 disability (G2D) in the Global Leprosy Strategy by 2030, the management of trophic ulcer, a common G2D, has become a priority. Autologous injectable perilesional platelet rich plasma (PRP) is first generation, whereas autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane (PRFM) is second generation platelet concentrate helping in trophic ulcer healing by providing growth factors and cytokines. PRFM requires less amount of blood (8 mL) against 20 mL in PRP. Objective Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PRFM with total contact cast versus PRP with total contact cast in leprosy trophic ulcer. Methods Observer-blind, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial recruited clinically diagnosed leprosy trophic ulcer with wound area measurement &lt;40 cm2 after obtaining informed consent. Calculated sample size was 26 per group considering the percentage success in the control group (PRP) 39.29% and the experimental group (PRFM) 55.55%, 5% significance-level, 80% power, non-inferiority limit 10%, and 10% drop-out rate. Randomisation was done by computer generated random number table and allocation concealment by sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope (SNOSE) technique. PRP was prepared with first spin 1,600 rpm for 10 minutes and second spin 4,000 rpm for 10 minutes. PRFM was prepared by centrifugation at 2,600 rpm for 3 minutes. Four treatment sessions followed by two follow-ups at 2 weekly intervals were conducted. Result Baseline clinico-demographic profile was similar in both groups. The surface area was significantly reduced (Friedman’s ANOVA P&lt;0.001) in both PRP (from 422.48+657.30 sq cm to 247.84+635.96 sq cm) and PRFM (290.04+281.42 sq cm to 152.77+336.09 sq cm) with significant reduction from first FU onwards in both groups (Post-Hoc Dunn’s test P&lt;0.001). Complete improvement was noted in 12% of PRP and 23% of PRFM (Fischer’s test P=0.465). Both groups showed improvement in DLQI. Limitation Short duration of treatment and follow-up (10 weeks). Conclusion PRFM with total contact cast is not inferior to PRP. Because of operational ease (less blood, less time), PRFM is a better alternative to PRP.

Evaluation of sticky bone in guided bone regeneration in the aesthetic area of the anterior teeth: a retrospective study.

The retrospective study aimed to compare the space-maintaining effects of sticky bone (bone graft matrix enriched with injectable platelet-rich fibrin) and titanium mesh for bone augmentation in the aesthetic zone. Patients who underwent single implant placement and had type 2/4 alveolar bone defects (buccal bone wall loss is >50% of the expected implant length) were screened for inclusion in this study. The labial bone plate width was measured at 1, 3, and 5 mm below the apical implant platform on cone beam computed tomography images taken immediately and 6 months after surgery. Mimics and 3-matic software were used to measure the volume changes in the labial bone at 6 months post-surgery. Forty patients were included. There was no significant difference in the change in labial bone width between the groups at 1 mm (P = 0.22), 3 mm (P = 0.71), or 5 mm (P = 0.53). There was no significant difference in the change in labial bone volume (P = 0.70) or aesthetic scores (P = 0.27) between the groups. Sticky bone showed comparable space-maintaining effects as titanium mesh in bone augmentation for single-tooth implantation in type 2/4 bone defects in the anterior maxillary aesthetic area.

How to Deal with Pulpitis: An Overview of New Approaches.

Background: Traditional root canal therapy (RCT) effectively removes diseased or necrotic pulp tissue and replaces it with inorganic materials. Regenerative endodontics is an alternative to conventional RCT by using biologically based approaches to restore the pulp-dentin complex. This review explores emerging techniques, including autogenic and allogenic pulp transplantation, platelet-rich fibrin, human amniotic membrane scaffolds, specialized pro-resolving mediators, nanofibrous and bioceramic scaffolds, injectable hydrogels, dentin matrix proteins, and cell-homing strategies. These methods utilize stem cells, growth factors, and biomaterials to regenerate vascularized, functional pulp tissue. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to identify studies published between 2010 and 2023. In vitro, animal, and clinical studies focusing on innovative regenerative endodontic techniques were analyzed. Conclusions: Although regenerative endodontics demonstrates great potential, challenges remain in standardizing protocols, addressing biological variability, and achieving consistent clinical outcomes. Future research must focus on refining these techniques to ensure their safety, efficacy, and accessibility in routine practice. By addressing current limitations, regenerative endodontics could redefine the management of pulpitis, offering biologically based treatments that enhance tooth vitality, structural integrity, and long-term prognosis.

Platelet-rich fibrin vs. connective tissue grafts for root coverage in adjacent gingival recessions: a systematic review

Platelet-rich fibrin vs. connective tissue grafts for root coverage in adjacent gingival recessions: a systematic review

A novel technique for reconstruction of onco-surgical partial glossectomy defects with platelet rich fibrin: a case report

A novel technique for reconstruction of onco-surgical partial glossectomy defects with platelet rich fibrin: a case report

Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Punch Graft Combination in the Management of Venous Stasis Ulcer: A Great Duo

Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Punch Graft Combination in the Management of Venous Stasis Ulcer: A Great Duo

THE USE OF AUTOLOGOUS DENTIN-GRAFT TO REPLACE PERIODONTAL DEFECTS: CASE REPORT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preservation of vertical alveolar ridge parameters in cases of volumetric post-extraction defects in the mandible using a combination of autologous dentin graft and platelet-rich fibrin, assessed at short-term (3 months) and long-term (12 months) follow-ups. Subjects and methods. A clinical case of patient Zh., 45 years old, who sought dental care at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, the Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, is presented. Cone-beam computed tomography, orthopantomogram were performed followed by surgical treatment in accordance with the recommended protocol. Results. Partial or complete tooth loss, regardless of the causes of its occurrence, is accompanied by physiological reduction (atrophy) of the alveolar processes of the jaws in the vertical and horizontal planes, which is an indication for bone-plastic replacement of post-extraction defects. The technology of manufacturing and application of granulated dentin for the replacement of various defects of the alveolar bone has made it possible to consider autologous dentin graft as the “gold standard” of regenerative bone surgery due to its unique osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, and its combination with platelet-rich fibrin containing growth factors has an additional positive effect on the healing of soft- and bone-tissue wounds and regenerative processes. A clinical example of replacement of a large post-extraction defect of the lower jaw using a composition of autologous dentin and platelet-rich fibrin with simultaneous implantation is demonstrated. Control radiological examinations performed 3 and 12 months after the operation showed that the newly formed bone tissue in the area of the former defects did not differ in structure and density from the surrounding areas, and most importantly, no vertical loss of height of the reconstructed alveolar ridge was noted. Conclusion. All of the above indicates that the composition of autologous dentin and platelet-rich fibrin may be a promising therapeutic option for the replacement of post-extraction defects, horizontal or vertical augmentation of alveolar ridge.

In vitro comparison of the effects of titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin and leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin on osteoblast behavior and their gen expression

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) and leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on osteoblasts.MethodsVenous blood samples were collected from ten volunteer patients to obtain T-PRF and L-PRF. The T-PRF group was labelled as Group T, the L-PRF group as Group L, and the control group, which includes only osteoblasts, was Group K. PRF samples were added to cultured osteoblast cells and cell proliferation was assessed using an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The effect of different groups on osteoblast proliferation was observed for 72 h and the results were analysed statistically. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate gene expression levels of COL1A1, ALP, OCN, and RUNX2 within 48 h.ResultsWe found that the MTT results at 24 h were significantly lower than those at 48 and 72 h (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively). L-PRF levels showed an increase from 24 to 48 h followed by a decrease from 48 to 72 h. T-PRF levels were seen to increase at both the 24–48 h and 48–72-hour intervals. The changes in the COLA1, OCN, ALP, and RUNX2 genes at 24 h and 48 h did not significantly differ among the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn this study, we investigated the effects of T-PRF and L-PRF on osteoblast proliferation over a 72-hour period. Both groups improved osteoblast proliferation, however T-PRF group showed a consistent increase in osteoblast proliferation up to 72 h, in contrast to the L-PRF group. No differences in gene expression were found. However, osteoblastic marker genes can be significantly expressed over longer time periods. Therefore, long-term studies are needed.

Evaluating the effectiveness of advanced platelet-rich fibrin, photobiomodulation, pentoxifylline, and Alveogyl in the treatment of alveolar osteitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundAlveolar osteitis is a type of small-scale osteomyelitis of the alveolar bone that occurs after tooth extraction, the etiology of which remains unknown, and alternative methods are being investigated for its treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), photobiomodulation (PBM), and Alveogyl (butamben, idoform, eugenol), which have shown success in the treatment of alveolar osteitis, with that of pentoxifylline (PTX) to determine whether PTX could be an alternative treatment for alveolar osteitis.MethodsThis study included 80 healthy volunteers diagnosed with alveolar osteitis in the extraction sockets of their mandibular first, second, and third molars. The patients were divided into four groups, with 20 patients in each group: A-PRF, PBM, PTX, and Alveogyl. After physiological saline irrigation, the patients were treated according to their respective group. The patients were followed up on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, and 14th days. Primary outcomes included pain assessment and the evaluation of soft tissue healing. Pain was assessed via the visual analog scale (VAS), soft tissue healing was evaluated via the Landry Healing Index (LHI), and granulation tissue was measured. Age and sex were used as study variables. The data were analyzed via ANOVA and post hoc tests to compare the treatment groups.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the mean VAS score between the groups (p > 0.05). However, the degree of reduction in the VAS score increased in the following order: A-PRF, PBM, PTX, and Alveogyl. In the LHI data, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores between the groups, with Alveogyl being favored preoperatively and PBM being favored at the 2nd week (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in granulation tissue measurements on the preoperative day, as well as on Days 4 and 7, in favor of Alveogyl on Day 4 and PBM on Day 7 (p < 0.05). The greatest increase in granulation tissue scores was observed in the A-PRF group, whereas the greatest change in LHI scores was observed in the PBM group. PTX did not produce a statistically significant difference in soft tissue healing, although there were periods when it showed results similar to those of Alveogyl and PBM. There were significant differences between the VAS score, granulation tissue score and LHI score in terms of age and sex within the time periods followed.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that although PTX has similar efficacy in terms of wound healing and analgesic properties to the methods used, it does not offer significant advantages. Compared with other methods, A-PRF and PBM have provided better results in the treatment of alveolar osteitis, particularly regarding pain and soft tissue healing.Trial registrationThe study was retrospectively registered in the clinical trial registry with the number TCTR20231014003 on 14.10.2023.

Evaluation of leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin as an antibiotic slow-release biological device in the treatment of moderate periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the accumulation of biofilm. Antimicrobials have been used as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy. However, systemic antibiotics often require large dosages to achieve suitable concentrations at the disease site. Leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a promising bio-material, with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing enhancement effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-PRF as a locally sustained released device for metronidazole antimicrobial.MethodsTwenty-four patients with eighty periodontal pockets had moderate periodontitis with attachment loss of 3–4 mm, and probing depth ≤ 5, which was equally divided into two groups: Group (I) underwent scaling and root planing with intra-pocket application of L-PRF loaded with Metronidazole, while Group (II) was treated by scaling and root planing with intra-pocket application of L-PRF alone. Microbiological measurements were taken at baseline and after one month to analyze the relative count of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) using real time PCR. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. These parameters included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (MGI), and bleeding index (BI).ResultsMicrobiological and clinical findings revealed that both treatment methods resulted in a reduction in P. gingivalis counts, in addition to improvements in the clinical parameters: PD reduction, CAL gain, PI reduction, BI decrease and MGI reduction compared to baseline. However, L-PRF-metronidazole group showed superior results in the studied parameters over the study period. Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant improvement. (p < .001).ConclusionThe intra-pocket application of both L-PRF loaded with Metronidazole and L-PRF alone contributed to the successful treatment of moderate periodontitis.Trial registrationNCT06153706 (http://www.clinical-trials.gov/); 1/12/2023, retrospective registration.

Increasing Bone Regeneration in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Platelet-rich Fibrin: An Interventional Pre-Post Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a combination of immediate implant placement with maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) solely using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on guided bone regeneration. An interventional before-after (pre-post) study design was used with 30 dental patients (≥18 years of age; 14 males and 16 females) with initial bone heights ranging between 4 and 6 mm. Following the general check-up and the creation of a study model, the planned implant location demonstrated an external right maxilla diameter of more than 5 mm, thereby validating the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiograph. The next step is the sinus lift operation, followed by the placement of dental implants. Production of PRF: 30 mL of venous blood was extracted and separated into three layers. The PRF was inserted into the space formed by the sinus floor and sinus membrane, and the flap was secured. The procedure involved creating an opening in the bone, separating the sinus membrane from the sinus floor, and making holes for implant insertion. The primary stability of the implant was assessed using an ISQ measurement device. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken and compared preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and follow-up assessments after 3 days, 7 days, and 6 months. And showed initial stability, pain, infection, blood bruises, peri-implant inflammation, osseointegration, bone loss around the implant, changes in bone thickness and sinus mucosa, and problems during the procedure. The Chi-squared test tested initial stability, whereas the paired sample t-test analyzed bone width and height changes. The study assessed the initial stability of a dental implant using bone density, with bones classified as D2 showing the strongest stability (76.7%). Three days after surgery, 26.7% of patients experienced mild pain, which decreased to 6.7% after 7 days. Six months later, the implant site showed no pain, no inflammation, and no bone loss. The ISQ was greater than 70, indicating strong integration with the surrounding bone. The thickness of the sinus membrane mucosa and alveolar bone changed significantly, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in breadth and height. Sinus membrane perforation, hemorrhage, and flap tear were observed at a rate of 16.7%. Exclusively using PRF was highly effective in augmenting the bone level during maxillary sinus lift surgery (MSA), especially for immediate implant-supported rehabilitation purposes. This study highlights the significance of using PRF to promote healing and enhance the thickness of bone in MSA without a bone graft in immediate implant placement. How to cite this article: Nguyen XT, Le LN, Do TT, et al. Increasing Bone Regeneration in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Platelet-rich Fibrin: An Interventional Pre-Post Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(9):814-819.

Inclusive, exclusive and hierarchical atlas of NFATc1+/PDGFR-α+ cells in dental and periodontal mesenchyme.

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-α) activity is crucial in the process of dental and periodontal mesenchyme regeneration facilitated by autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and concentrated growth factors (CGF), as well as by recombinant PDGF drugs. However, it is largely unclear about the physiological patterns and cellular fate determinations of PDGFR-α+ cells in the homeostasis maintaining of adult dental and periodontal mesenchyme. We previously identified NFATc1 expressing PDGFR-α+ cells as a subtype of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in limb bone in mice, but their roles in dental and periodontal remain unexplored. To this end, in the present study we investigated the spatiotemporal atlas of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells residing in dental and periodontal mesenchyme in mice, their capacity for progeny cell generation, and their inclusive, exclusive and hierarchical relations in homeostasis. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to generate two dual recombination systems, which were Cre-loxP and Dre-rox combined intersectional and exclusive reporters respectively, to concurrently demonstrate the inclusive, exclusive, and hierarchical distributions of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells and their lineage commitment. By employing the state-of-the-art transgenic lineage tracing techniques in cooperating with tissue clearing-based advanced imaging and three-dimensional slices reconstruction, we systematically mapped the distribution atlas of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells in dental and periodontal mesenchyme and tracked their in vivo fate trajectories in mice. Our findings extend current understanding of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells in dental and periodontal mesenchyme homeostasis, and furthermore enhance our comprehension of their sustained therapeutic impact for future clinical investigations.

The Impact of Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin on Orthodontic Tooth Movement during Retraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study intended to comprehend the effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on anchor loss and space closure rates during the retraction phase of orthodontic treatment. Twenty-four participants with malocclusion, necessitating extractions and space closure during orthodontic treatment, were enrolled and divided into two groups (n = 12 participants) group A: the experimental group was administered i-PRF on the maxilla/mandible, while group B: the control group did not. Measurements of the rate of space closure, anchor loss, and salivary enzyme activity were done before retraction (T0), after three weeks (T1), after six weeks (T2), and after nine weeks (T3). The Mann-Whitney and the independent Student's t-test were used to compare continuous variables among groups. Four participants were lost to follow-up in each group with eight participants remaining in the respective groups. The rate of space closure in the maxillary arch was 1.4 ± 1.9 mm at T3 intervals with the baseline value (T0) 10.8 ± 3.01 mm, and the rate of anchor loss was 0.57 mm at T3 intervals for group A. In group B, space closure at T0 was 11.1 ± 2.0 mm and 4.9 ± 1.5 mm at T3 while anchor loss of 0.57 mm at T3 intervals, respectively. In the mandibular arch, the rate of space closure was 2.6 ± 2.0 mm at T3 intervals, with the baseline value (T0) 9.5 ± 2.5 mm, and the rate of anchor loss was 0.325 mm at T3 for group A. In group B, space closure at T0 (baseline) were 10.0 ± 2.7 mm and 4.7 ± 2.3 at T3 mm, and anchor loss was 0.37 mm at T3 intervals, respectively. Space closure rate in the maxilla is significant statistically at intervals T2 and T3 and in the mandible is significant statistically at intervals T2, the anchor loss in both the arch is statistically insignificant. In both maxillary and mandibular arches, the experimental group showed accelerated tooth movement compared to the control group, although statistical significance was not achieved in the mandible. There were no apparent differences in anchor loss between the two groups. The use of i-PRF in orthodontic treatment significantly enhances the rate of space closure and reduces the overall treatment. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin can be a safe adjunct to orthodontic treatment, providing benefits without compromising anchorage stability and aiming to optimize orthodontic treatment efficiency. How to cite this article: Priya SMRP, Anbarasu P, Eisenhuth G, et al. The Impact of Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin on Orthodontic Tooth Movement during Retraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(9):856-862.

Tissue Engineering 3D-Printed Scaffold Using Allograft/Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogels Coated With Platelet-Rich Fibrin or Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Induces Osteogenesis In Vitro.

Incorporating autologous patient-derived products has become imperative to enhance the continually improving outcomes in bone tissue engineering. With this objective in mind, this study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic potential of 3D-printed allograft-alginate-gelatin scaffolds coated with stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The primary goal was to develop a tissue-engineered construct capable of facilitating efficient bone regeneration through the utilization of biomaterials with advantageous properties and patient-derived products. To achieve this goal, 3D-printed gelatin, allograft, and alginate scaffolds were utilized, along with stem cells derived from the buccal fat pad and human-derived components (PRF, SVF). Cells were seeded onto scaffolds, both with and without SVF/PRF, and subjected to comprehensive assessments including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation (gene expression and protein secretion levels), penetration, and gene expression analysis over 14 days. The data was reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Two-way or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, followed by a Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was determined as a p value below 0.05. The scaffolds demonstrated structural integrity, and the addition of PRF coatings significantly enhanced cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation compared to other groups. Gene expression analysis showed increased expression of osteogenic and angiogenic markers in the PRF-coated scaffolds. These findings highlight the promising role of PRF-coated scaffolds in promoting osteogenesis and facilitating bone tissue regeneration. This study emphasizes the development of patient-specific tissue-engineered constructs as a valuable approach for effective bone regeneration.

Book review. Venipuncture for the Application of Blood Concentrates. Shahram Ghanaati, MD, DMD, PhD, Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc.

Book review. A small handbook on blood sampling for dentists and oral surgeons in the dental practice has been published. The sole author of this guide is Prof. Shahram Ghanaati, DDS, MD, PhD, Senior Consultant and Deputy Director of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery at Frankfurt University Hospital, Germany. Although the advantages of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and other blood concentrates in dental implantology are well known, dentists and dental assistants are not used to taking blood samples. The author presents a guideline for collecting and preparing blood samples to ensure a high level of patient safety in these cases and a certain degree of professionalism in the dental profession. In his foreword, the author rightly points out that only regular practice can bring theory to life. The soft-cover book is extremely compact at 64 pages. The author focuses on the individual work steps and points out possible application errors using 88 photos, illustrations, and generally very easy-to-understand language. The result is an inexpensive clinical guide describing the necessary equipment, anatomy, and the correct sequence of steps for successful venipuncture. It should be included in any oral surgery practice that wants to work with blood concentrates. Of course, anyone looking for references or further information in this small book will not find what they want in the instructions. A list of possible application areas for blood concentrates must also be made. However, the reader is provided with efficient step-by-step instructions. Thus, the booklet elegantly helps close the knowledge gap among dentists regarding successful blood collection.