Environment Of Plateau Research Articles

Transformer-based travel time estimation method for plateau and mountainous environments.

Travel time estimation (TTE) is a critical function in intelligent driving systems. Current research and applications related to TTE primarily focus on urban environments. The objective of this study is to develop TTE methods that are applicable to wilderness areas characterized by plateau and mountainous topography. We selected Transformer, which has greater robustness in capturing long-distance dependencies than LSTM, to develop a Transformer-based model. The model simultaneously integrates positional encoding and multi-head self-attention mechanisms with the objective of enhancing the accuracy of travel time predictions based on a substantial number of trajectory points in wilderness settings. A meta-learning strategy was employed to improve the model's generalization ability, thereby ensuring its applicability for accurate travel time estimation across a range of challenging environments. Two datasets were constructed based on measurements from two selected areas in eligible plateau and mountainous regions of western China. For each dataset, two categories of features were defined: terrain-weather features and spatio-temporal features. These categories were established in accordance with the influence of seven specific features on traffic conditions in both urban and wilderness areas. Experiments were conducted on both datasets utilizing terrain-weather features. When evaluated alongside the five models that are most commonly utilized in urban settings, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of our model exhibited a 14.89% improvement in plateau environments and a 12.20% improvement in mountainous environments in comparison with the most effective model, namely MetaTTE-GRU. These findings substantiate the assertion that the proposed model is an effective means of estimating travel times in complex environments, and that it exhibits superior accuracy compared to existing LSTM-based estimation models.

Study on intestinal microbial communities of three different cattle populations on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Tibetan cattle, indispensable·animals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, have become a focal point for the region's economic development. As such, the hybridization of these cattle has been recognized as a pivotal strategy to enhance the local cattle industry. However, research on the gut microbiota of Tibetan hybrid cattle remains scarce. Based on this, we conducted a comparative analysis of the gut microbiota and its functional implications across three distinct cattle populations: two the hybrid cattle populations (Tibetan local cattle × Holstein cattle, TH and Tibetan local cattle × Jersey cattle, TJ) and one the Tibetan locoal cattle population (BL). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominate the gut microbiota across all populations at the phylum level. In addition, the predominant phyla in BL cattle were found to be Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Actinobacteria, which may be one of the important reasons for the adaptability of Tibetan local cattle to the high-altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Further analysis identified specific biomarkers associated with the immune systems of BL cattle, including Bacteroidales_RF16, Coriobacterium, and Muribaculaceae. In contrast, TH cattle are primarily dominated by Oscillospiraceae and Clostridia_UCG_014, and TJ cattle are mainly dominated by Christensenellaceae and Gammaproteobacteria. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that BL and TH cattle showed significant enrichment in the immune system, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism-related pathways compared with TJ cattle. Overall, these results suggest that BL and TH cattle demonstrate enhanced adaptability compared to TJ cattle, and indicate that intestinal microbiota of cattle at different altitudes and breeds have diverse structures and functions. Our study presents a new perspective on the role of the microbiome in the hybridization and enhancement of Tibetan cattle.

Fire Severity Outperforms Remote Sensing Indices in Exploring Post-Fire Vegetation Recovery Dynamics in Complex Plateau Mountainous Regions

Understanding post-fire vegetation recovery dynamics is crucial for damage assessment and recovery planning, yet spatiotemporal patterns in complex plateau environments remain poorly understood. This study addresses this gap by focusing on Yunnan Province, a mountainous plateau region with high fire incidence. We developed an innovative approach combining differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and visual interpretation on Google Earth Engine (GEE) to generate high-quality training samples from Landsat 5 TM/7 ETM+/8 OLI imagery. Four supervised machine learning algorithms were evaluated, with Random Forest (RF) demonstrating superior accuracy (OA = 0.90) for fire severity classification compared to Support Vector Machine (SVM) OA of 0.88, Classification and Regression Tree(CART) OA o f0.85, and Naive Bayes(NB) OA of 0.78. Using RF, we generated annual fire severity maps alongside the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) from 2005 to 2020. Key findings include the following: (1) fire severity classification outperformed traditional remote sensing indices in characterizing vegetation recovery; (2) distinct recovery trajectories emerged across severity levels, with moderate areas recovering in 7 years, severe areas transitioning within 2 years, and low severity areas peaking at 2 years post-fire; (3) southern mountainous regions exhibited 1–2 years faster recovery than northern areas. These insights advance understanding of post-fire ecosystem dynamics in complex terrains and support more effective recovery strategies.

Gut microbiota profiles of sympatric snub-nosed monkeys and macaques in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show influence of phylogeny over diet

The unique environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides a great opportunity to study how primate intestinal microorganisms adapt to ecosystems. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenome analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota in primates and other sympatric animal species living between 3600 and 4500 m asl. Results showed that within the same geographical environment, Macaca mulatta and Rhinopithecus bieti exhibited a gut microbiome composition similar to that of Tibetan people, influenced by genetic evolution of host, while significantly differing from other distantly related animals. The gut microbiota of plateau species has developed similar strategies to facilitate their hosts’ adaptation to specific environments, including broadening its dietary niche and enhancing energy absorption. These findings will enhance our comprehension of the significance of primate gut microbiota in adapting to specific habitats.

Characterization of the Complete Mitogenome of the Ring-Necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus (Galliformes: Phasianidae) and Systematic Implications for Phasianinae Phylogenetics.

Phasianidae mitogenomes exhibit significant structural variations critical for understanding evolution and subspecies divergence. However, annotations of these features in some pheasant species remain limited. This study aimed to enhance understanding of Phasianidae mitogenomes and their evolutionary patterns. A comparative analysis of complete mitogenomes from Phasianus colchicus, Phasianus versicolor, and 22 other accipitrids was conducted, examining codon usage, rRNA structures, selective pressures, phylogenetics, and structural variations. The mitogenome of P. colchicus is 16,696 bp, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region, with a base composition of A: 30.61%, T: 25.26%, C: 30.85%, and G: 13.28%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed P. colchicus and P. versicolor are closely related, with the following relationship: ((Phasianus + Chrysolophus) + (Crossoptilon + Lophura)). Divergence timing aligns with the Tibetan Plateau uplift during the Tertiary Pliocene. Ka/Ks analysis suggests the CO I, CO II, CO III, ND1, ND4L, and ND6 genes in Phasianus underwent strong selective pressure for plateau adaptation. The study confirms Phasianus monophyly and its close relationship with Chrysolophus. Adaptation-related selective pressures on the CO I, CO II, CO III, ND1, ND4L, and ND6 genes highlight its role in plateau environments, offering valuable insights into pheasant phylogeny.

Effect of Cosmic Rays on the Failure Rate of Flexible Direct Current Converter Valves in High-Altitude Environment

Aiming at the significant needs of flexible DC converter valve applications in high-altitude areas, we investigate the effect of atmospheric neutrons on the failure rate of key core power devices in three kinds of converter valves, namely IGBTs, thyristors, and diodes. The safe working voltage boundary of the devices is obtained, and the failure rate caused by atmospheric neutrons in the real working environment of the power devices is calculated according to the results of the ground-accelerated irradiation test of atmospheric neutrons and the atmospheric neutron environment under the actual working conditions. The test results show that the failure rate of IGBTs, thyristors, and diodes caused by atmospheric neutrons is greatly affected by the blocking voltage, and the larger the blocking voltage is, the higher the failure rate of the device is. The research results can provide a basis for the design of the operating voltage of key core power devices of flexible DC converter valves and guide the evaluation of the failure rate and engineering design of the electronic system of DC ultra-high-voltage power transmission and transformation converter stations in the high-altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Measurements and Power Domain Modeling in Mountainous Plateau Environments for Emergency Communications

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Measurements and Power Domain Modeling in Mountainous Plateau Environments for Emergency Communications

Tibetan red deer (Cervus canadensis wallichi) diet composition patterns and associations during lean seasons in Tibet, China.

Tibetan red deer (Cervus canadensis wallichi) in the high-altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau could face seasonal challenges from food shortages and nutritional deficiencies but the nutritional requirements are complex. Analyzing diet composition pattern(s) is the first step to disentangle this complexity. From a systematic perspective, we hypothesize that: (A) diet composition pattern or patterns exist within the population and (B) a portion of the diet beyond characterized diet combinations will consist of random combinations. In this study, we investigated diet composition patterns of a Tibetan red deer population distributed in the Sangri Red Deer Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region, during the harsh lean season. In March 2021 and 2022, we searched for Tibetan red deer in the reserve and collected freshly defecated samples. Diet composition at the individual level was determined using micro-histological analysis, followed by k-means clustering and co-occurrence network analysis to reveal population level diet composition patterns. Diet composition of Tibetan red deer included 14 and 19 plant species (or genera) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. K-means clustering indicated two distinct diet patterns within the population across both sampling periods. In 2021, diet composition of both clusters was dominated by Salix spp. (58.49% and 33.67%). In 2022, R. macrophylla had the highest ranking and occupied 34.83% of diet composition in the first cluster while Salix spp. (39.39%) was the most consumed food in the second cluster. Results of co-occurrence networks showed positively associated food combinations of less dominant food items, with a staple food occurring in all food item pairs in both years. However, randomness accounted for 95.83% and 93% of all food item pairs in 2021 and 2022, respectively, which implies a stable dietary complex system. The 2022 co-occurrence network displayed complex associations, while the 2021 network exhibited limited and simple associations. Our results suggest that Tibetan red deer fulfill their nutritional requirements by consuming high quantities of several food items or a balanced combination of foods with complex co-occurrence associations to overcome potential food shortages, but multilayer networks containing nutritional values and food availabilities are necessary to entangle the complexity of the dietary system.

A high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)

Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii), a wild ruminant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) in China, has evolved a series of genetic and physiological adaptation strategies to thrive in the harsh plateau environments. However, limited research on the genome of this species exists. Here, we established a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of the Tibetan antelope using PacBio HiFi, DNBSEQ, and Hi-C sequencing data. The assembly, totaling 3.13 GB, consists of 31 chromosomes (29 + X + partial Y), with a Scaffold N50 length of 92.23 Mb. The quality value (QV) and Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) score were 70.14 and 98.20%, respectively, indicating that our genome sequence is of high quality and completeness. Our genome not only contribute to the genetic conservation of Tibetan antelope but also provides a valuable resource for genetic, ecological, and evolutionary research within the sub-family Caprinae.

A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Deep Learning Network for the Extraction of Cropland Based on Landsat Data

In the face of global population growth and climate change, the protection and rational utilization of cropland are crucial for food security and ecological balance. However, the complex topography and unique ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau results in a lack of high-precision cropland monitoring data. Therefore, this paper constructs a high-quality cropland dataset for the YarlungZangbo-Lhasa-Nyangqv River region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and proposes an MSC-ResUNet model for cropland extraction based on Landsat data. The dataset is annotated at the pixel level, comprising 61 Landsat 8 images in 2023. The MSC-ResUNet model innovatively combines multiscale features through residual connections and multiscale skip connections, effectively capturing features ranging from low-level spatial details to high-level semantic information and further enhances performance by incorporating depthwise separable convolutions as part of the feature fusion process. Experimental results indicate that MSC-ResUNet achieves superior accuracy compared to other models, with F1 scores of 0.826 and 0.856, and MCC values of 0.816 and 0.847, in regional robustness and temporal transferability tests, respectively. Performance analysis across different months and band combinations demonstrates that the model maintains high recognition accuracy during both growing and non-growing seasons, despite the study area’s complex landforms and diverse crops.

Screening of functional genes for hypoxia adaptation in Tibetan pigs by combined genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis.

The high-altitude, low-oxygen environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau poses significant challenges for the introduction of superior livestock breeds. However, local plateau species have adapted to thrive and reproduce under these harsh conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plateau animals' adaptation to low-oxygen environments is essential for breeding livestock suited to high-altitude regions. Tibetan pigs, which have undergone long-term natural selection and artificial breeding, have developed the ability to survive and reproduce in hypoxic environments. In this study, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 30 Tibetan pigs from high-altitude regions and 30 Diannan small-ear pigs from low-altitude areas, to identify candidate genes that support Tibetan pigs' adaptation to hypoxic conditions through selection signal analysis. Additionally, we performed transcriptome sequencing on five tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and bone marrow) from both Tibetan pigs and Diannan small-ear pigs to identify genes with significant differential expression between the two breeds. We then integrated the genomic and transcriptomic data by examining the expression of candidate genes identified in selection signal analysis across different tissues. The selection signal analysis identified 10 genes-HES4, ANGPT1, HIF3A, SPHK2, PCK2, RCN3, HIGD2A, DNM2, IRF9, and SRF-that were under positive selection in the Tibetan pig population and are associated with hypoxia adaptation. When combined with transcriptome data, we found that five of these genes-HIF3A, RCN3, HIGD2A, PCK2, and IRF9-exhibited differential expression. Through an integrated approach of selection signal and transcriptome analysis, we identified five key functional genes that contribute to the adaptation of Tibetan pigs to hypoxic environments. These findings offer new insights into the adaptability of plateau animals.

Self-Oxidated Hybrid Conductive Network Enables Efficient Electrochemical Lithium Extraction Under High-Altitude Environment.

The electrochemical deintercalation method has been considered as an effective way to address the demand for lithium resources due to its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and high efficiency. However, the performance of electrochemical lithium extraction is closely dependent on the electrode material and needs to be compatible under plateau environments with high-altitude and low-temperature. Herein, an in situ self-oxidation method is conducted to construct a hybrid conductive network on the surface of LiFePO4 (LFP-HN). The introduction of a hybrid conductive network enhanced the interfacial electron/lithium-ion transfer. In addition, structural stability is strengthened through suppressing the intercalation of impurity cations. Consequently, the LFP-HN delivered extremely high lithium extraction capacity (27.42mg g-1), low energy consumption (4.91Wh mol-1), and superior purity (91.05%) in Baqiancuo real brine (4788 m, -10°C). What's more, LFP-HN-based large-scale prototypes are constructed and operated at Baqiancuo, which is calculated to extract 25kg Lithium Carbonate Equivalent per cycle (4.55h, 100 pairs of plates). Based on the excellent performance, the modification strategy developed in this work can be a promising solution for industrial lithium extraction under high-altitude environment.

The mechanical properties of concrete exposed to harsh and complex environments of plateaus at early ages

The independently designed walk-in concrete low-pressure forming chamber and complex environment simulation chamber were employed to more accurately investigate the evolution of mechanical properties of concrete under the complex environment of the plateau. The quantitative comparison of the differences in the impact of each environmental factor on performance under complex coupled environments was conducted using two methods: grey correlation analysis and relative strength method. Meanwhile, the hydration and pore structure of concrete under the complex environment of plateau were studied by TG analysis and MIP analysis. The results showed that the high-altitude complex environment has a significant deterioration effect on the mechanical properties of concrete, mainly due to the decrease in the degree of hydration and pore structure deterioration. The environmental humidity and temperature difference are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties, and the complex environment has a more significant effect on the flexural strength of concrete than the compressive strength of concrete.

Rumen microbiota helps Tibetan sheep obtain energy more efficiently to survive in the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

T-sheep and H-sheep exhibit different environmental adaptability and production performance. The rumen microbiome has co-evolved with hosts and plays a vital role in nutrient digestion and energy metabolism. In our previous study, we found that T-sheep have a higher efficiency in energy metabolism than H-sheep, but the rumen microbial community remains unclear. In this study, we determined the rumen bacterial profile and rumen fermentation parameters to reveal the bacterial profiles and predictive functions among breeds and diets with four different energy levels, as well as the correlation between bacterial profiles and rumen fermentation characteristics. The results showed that the rumen total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetate, butyrate, total branched-chain VFAs, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate were higher in T-sheep than H-sheep. The alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria is not affected by dietary energy, but it shows a distinction between the sheep breeds. Specifically, T-sheep rumen bacteria exhibit higher alpha diversity than H-sheep. The beta diversity of ruminal bacteria is not influenced by dietary energy or sheep breeds, indicating similar communities of ruminal bacteria between different diets and sheep breeds. The phyla of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes predominate in the rumen, with a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes observed in T-sheep than H-sheep. The two most abundant genera in the rumen were Prevotella 1 and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group. Prevotella 1 is the predominant bacterial genus in the rumen of H-sheep, while the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group dominates in the rumen of T-sheep. Microbial co-occurrence network analysis reveals that variations in rumen fermentation characteristics result from differences in module abundance, with a higher abundance of VFA-producing modules observed in the rumen of T-sheep. Microbial function prediction analysis showed that dietary energy rarely alters the functional composition of rumen bacteria. However, there were differences in the functions of rumen bacteria between sheep breeds, with T-sheep showing a greater emphasis on energy metabolism-related functions, while H-sheep showed a greater emphasis on protein metabolism-related functions. These findings provide evidence of the special rumen microbial community that helps T-sheep efficiently obtain energy from low-protein and low-energy diets, enabling them to survive in the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Legacy and alternative perfluoroalkyl acids in the Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Levels, spatiotemporal characteristics, and multimedia transport processes

The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR) located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is not only the largest runoff-producing area in the Yellow River Basin, but also the most important freshwater-supply ecological function area in China. In this study, the short-term spatiotemporal distribution of selected legacy and alternative perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the SRYR was first investigated in multiple environmental media. Total PFAA concentrations were in the range of 1.16-14.3 ng/L, 4.25-42.1 pg/L, and 0.21-13.0 pg/g dw in rainwater, surface water, and sediment, respectively. C4-C7 PFAAs were predominant in various environmental matrices. Spatiotemporal characteristics were observed in the concentrations and composition profiles. Particularly, the spatial distribution of rainwater and the temporal distribution of surface water exhibited highly significant differences (p<0.01). Indian monsoon, westerly air masses, and local mountain-valley breeze were the driving factors that contributed to the change of rainwater. Rainwater, meltwater runoff, and precursor degradation were important sources of PFAA pollution in surface water. Organic carbon content was a major factor influencing PFAA distribution in sediment. These results provide a theoretical basis for revealing the regional transport and fate of PFAAs, and are also important prerequisites for effectively protecting the freshwater resource and aquatic environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Antioxidant and Stress Resistance Properties of Flavonoids from Chinese Sea Buckthorn Leaves from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has endowed Chinese sea buckthorn leaves with rich bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity and stress resistance mechanisms of flavonoids derived from Chinese sea buckthorn leaves (FCL) native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our analysis identified a total of 57 flavonoids, mainly flavonol glycosides, from FCL, of which 6 were novel flavonoids. Isorhamnetin glycosides, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were the three most dominant classes of compounds in FCL. In particular, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside emerged as the most abundant compound. Our results showed that FCL possesses potent antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals and demonstrate ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels comparable to Trolox, a well-known antioxidant standard. Furthermore, FCL showed remarkable efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely used model organism. Mechanistically, we elucidated that FCL exerts its stress resistance effects by modulating of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 within the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway (IIS). Activation of these transcription factors orchestrates the expression of downstream target genes including sod-3, ctl-1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6, thus enhancing the organism's ability to cope with stressors. Overall, our study highlights the rich reservoir of flavonoids in Chinese sea buckthorn leaves as promising candidates for natural medicines, due to their robust antioxidant properties and ability to enhance stress resistance.

Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

The yak (Poephagus grunniens) has evolved unique adaptations to survive the harsh environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, while their gut microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the animal. Gut microbes spread through the animal population not only by horizontal transmission but also vertically, which enhances microbial stability and inheritance between generations of the population. Homogenization of gut microbes in different animal species occurs in the same habitat, promoting interspecies coexistence. Using the yak as a model animal, this paper discusses the adaptive strategies under extreme environments, and how the gut microbes of the yak circulate throughout the Tibetan Plateau system, which not only affects other plateau animals such as plateau pikas, but can also have a profound impact on the health of people. By examining the relationships between yaks and their gut microbiota, this review offers new insights into the adaptation of yaks and their ecological niche on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.

Retrieval of particulate organic carbon concentration in Erhai Lake using sentinel-3 remote sensing data

ABSTRACT Particulate organic carbon (POC) plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle of inland lake ecosystems. The utilization of remote sensing satellite data provides an effective approach for monitoring the temporal and spatial variations in POC concentration within inland water. However, Erhai Lake, situated in the unique natural environment of the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau, poses distinct challenges due to the complex and diverse origin of its water quality elements. Existing methods face difficulties in accurately detecting POC concentration in Erhai Lake. In this study, 112 water samples and 574 in-situ remote sensing reflectance curves were collected from Erhai Lake during April, May, and June 2023. The analysis of the optical characteristics of the water in Erhai Lake revealed the closest relationship between the concentration of total particulate matter and POC. Consequently, a POC concentration inversion algorithm was developed, utilizing bands 8, 12, and 16 of Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI). Various POC concentration inversion algorithms were evaluated utilizing a separate dataset. The results indicate that the three-band method offers superior accuracy in POC concentration inversion for Erhai Lake, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.13 mg/L and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 28.80%. The three-band method was effectively applied to OLCI images from April, May, and June 2023, enabling the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of POC in Erhai Lake.

Exploration of the Application of Agricultural Intelligent Robots in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In order to improve agricultural efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and improve the quality and yield of agricultural products on the Tibetan Plateau, this paper takes the application of traditional agricultural robots as an example and proposes the application of agricultural robots to agriculture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the special breeding environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau combined with the current situation of traditional agriculture. Through the application practice of robots in traditional agriculture, the possibility of the application of agricultural robots in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is pointed out, the working methods and advantages of robots in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are expounded, and the application of intelligent agricultural robots in the agriculture of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is discussed and analyzed. The results show that with the progress of science and technology, intelligent robots have gradually played an important role in various fields, and intelligent robots have broad application prospects in plateau agriculture. The application of agricultural robots in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be aimed at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to make some adaptive research and development, intelligent upgrading and demonstration project promotion in order to promote the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau agricultural automation.

A Survey of Flow Field and Combustion Characteristics under Subatmospheric Pressure

This paper presents a summary of and introduction to research on high-altitude and subatmospheric combustion concerning turbine and scramjet engines. The investigation includes theoretical analysis, experimental studies, and numerical simulations. The analysis encompasses the flow field structure, fuel atomization, and combustion performance. Subsequently, recent research on the combustion performance of liquid fuels, solid fuels, and gaseous fuels under high-altitude and low-pressure plateau environments is reviewed. This includes an evaluation of flame height, flame temperature, combustion rate, fire spread rate, and heat radiation flux. Additionally, combustion performance prediction models for high-altitude environments based on experimental and theoretical analysis have been introduced. Lastly, issues in subatmospheric combustion in the aerospace and plateau fire fields are presented based on the current research.