Plate-fin Heat Sink Research Articles

Performance of a thermoelectric generator system for waste heat recovery utilizing plate fin heat sink in bronze ingot casting industry

This study presents a numerical investigation of the performance evaluation of a waste heat recovery (WHR) system from a bronze ingot casting mold via a thermoelectric generator (TEG). A rectangular plate fin heat sink is installed at the hot side of the TEG to recover the waste heat from the casting mold while the flow direction of the flue gas is found to be normal to the fin base. A multi-physics numerical model, which couples the governing equations of fluid, thermal and electrical models are presented and solved by using ANSYS 19.2 software. The numerical results for the thermal characteristics of TEG and its power output show good agreement with the experimental results. The study has been performed to analyze the effect of different fin parameters such as fin height ( H f = 12.6–52.6 mm) and fin number ( N f = 15 to 21), and flue gas parameters such as inlet velocity ( V in = 0.5–7 m/s) and inlet temperature ( T in = 550–650 °C) on the performance of the TEG system during WHR. Results indicate that TEG module power increases with the increase in fin height, fin number, inlet flue gas velocity, and temperature. The maximum net power output and maximum net efficiency are found to be 18.83W and 2.33% at inlet flow velocities of 5 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively. In addition, significant radiation has been observed through the numerical investigation. The fraction of radiation effect ranged from 5.01% to 24.15% in the test conditions.

Effect of cold-side heat sink configurations on thermal performance of thermo-electric compartment of a hybrid household refrigerator

Thermoelectric cooling has a high quality of temperature control compared to Vapor Compression Cooling. This paper presents a numerical and experimental study on the effect of the cold-side heat sink design and the operating condition of its fan on the performance of thermoelectric compartment of a hybrid demotic-refrigerator. The hybrid refrigerator had three compartments. One of them was cooled by thermoelectric cooling system. A 3-D lumped model was used to simulate the cold-side fan. In the experimental part, temperature at ten points inside the TE compartment was measured. The numerical results of temperature field and coefficient of performance of thermoelectric refrigerator were in good agreement with the measured values. Performance of the thermoelectric refrigerator was investigated using the numerical simulation in the states of: (i) varying the cold-side fan rotational speed, (ii) creating vertical slots through the cold-side heat sink. Width and number of slots were varied. Results showed that running the fan at a speed, 2000 rpm, was associated with 20% increase of COP relative to running it at 500 rpm. Using plate fin heat sink resulted in bad air distribution in the compartment. Generating vertical slots in the heat sink improved the temperature uniformity inside the TE compartment.

Machine learning-based optimization of air-cooled heat sinks

Machine learning-based models using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and greedy search algorithm are used to optimize air-cooled parallel plate-finned heat sinks (PPFHSs) subjected to laminar flow over an extensive range of design parameters. The thermal and hydraulic performances of PPFHSs are represented by heat transfer coefficient h and pressure dropΔP, respectively. Optimization objectives for PPFHS designs can vary from industry to industry depending on their design priorities. The present study proposes a novel and generalized optimization method that defines practical optimization objectives and provides an accurate optimization process to design effective PPFHSs for a wide range of industrial applications with different design requirements. Three optimization objectives are presented in this study: (i) the largesth/ΔP, (ii) the largest h within a specified maximum allowed flow rate, and (iii) the lowest weight that maximizes h for operation within the maximum allowed flow rate. While the shortcoming of the first objective is demonstrated, the other two objectives are found to be suitable for designing effective heat sinks (HSs) across different applications. Results suggest a promising trend from the third objective to develop HSs with ∼ 37–68% lower weight, 80–85% reducedΔP, and negligible penalty in h compared with optimized HSs obtained from the second objective. However, since the third objective leads to HSs with thinner fins, structural analysis should be performed to ensure reliable operation of the HSs.

Heat Transfer Performance of Plate Fin and Pin Fin Heat Sinks Using Al2O3/H2O Nanofluid in Electronic Cooling

The thermal management of electronic devices has become a major problem in recent years. Therefore, there is a growing need for research on many new materials and innovative fluids due to the developing technology and increasing cooling need in electronic systems. In this paper, heat transfer from a plate fin and pin fin type heat sinks that were placed in a water block that are used in electronic systems was investigated. A base fluid (pure water) and 0.1% mass concentration Al2O3-H2O nanofluid were used as cooling fluids. The experiments were carried out for volumetric flow rates varying between 100 and 800 mL/min and heat flux values of 454.54 W/m2 and 1818.18 W/m2. The results demonstrated that the Al2O3-H2O nanofluid on the empty surface provided a maximum improvement of 10.5% in heat transfer compared to the base fluid. In the use of plate finned heat sink, the maximum amount of improvement in heat transfer compared to the empty surface was obtained approximately 64.25% for the base fluid and 82.8% for the nanofluid. A similar comparison was made for the pin-fin heat sink, a maximum thermal improvement of 56.4% in the base fluid and 70.27% in the use of nanofluid was determined.

Structural optimization design of sinusoidal wavy plate fin heat sink with crosscut by Bayesian optimization

• Develop an intelligent optimization scheme based on Bayesian Optimization algorithm. • Optimum design is performed by integrating the structure modeling, meshing, and evaluation. • Bayesian Optimization algorithm demonstrates a great advantage over evolutionary algorithms in efficiency. • The comprehensive thermal performance factor of the heat sink with the optimal structure increases by 17.6%. • The enhancement is explained by the reduction of the synergy angle between the velocity and the pressure gradient. The optimal structure of a sinusoidal wavy plate fin heat sink with crosscut (SWHS-WC) is determined by an efficient intelligent optimization method based on Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm. The comprehensive thermal performance factor (TPF) is the objective function, which is associated with the heat transfer and the pressure drop. The parametric modeling, meshing, and numerical calculation are integrated to optimize three structural parameters, including the fin amplitude, period, and phase shift angle of the heat sink, in an iterative and automated way. The result shows that the TPF of the SWHS-WC with the optimized structure is increased by 17.6%, due to the significant reduction in the pressure drop penalty, and the corresponding synergy angle between the pressure gradient and the velocity decreases by about 6.2°. Compared to the evolutionary algorithms, the BO algorithm demonstrates a great advantage in calculation efficiency, which can be used to find the global optimum design at a much smaller computational cost.

Thermal and hydraulic analysis of slotted plate fins heat sinks using numerical and experimental techniques

A heatsink's thermal and hydraulic performance can be optimized by making several modifications in the geometry. Modifying the heatsinks usually increases the weight by adding material. This study focuses on enhancing heat transfer by the removal of material in the form of slots. Fabrication of slots is one of the advantageous geometric modifications in the plate fins. This study also focuses on optimizing the slots for heat transfer augmentation without compromising the pressure drop. In this study, the authors performed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of various geometric iterations of the plate fins. The heat sinks with comparatively better thermal performance are pointed out (S8 and S9). On average, the Nusselt number of the heat sink S9 is 28.4% higher than the plain heatsink P at various Reynold's number values. The introduction of slots drops the pressure across the heat sinks with an additional average of 9.3% pressure drop across the heatsink S9 compared to the heatsink P at various Re number values. The authors performed an experimental analysis to validate the numerical analysis. The maximum difference between the observed and simulated bast temperature values is 2.6%, 2.9%, and 3% for the heat sinks P, S8, and S9, respectively. • Performance analysis of slotted plate-fin heat sinks. • Hydraulic and thermal analysis of the heat sinks. • Mass reduction of the plate fins. • Analytical model validation with experiments. • Utilization of 3D printing techniques for the development of various elements.

Partially-covered fractal induced turbulence on fins thermal dissipation

The impacts of partially-covered fractal grids induced turbulence on the forced convective heat transfer across plate-fin heat sink at Reynolds number ReDh = 22.0 × 103 were numerically and experimentally investigated. Results showed that partially covered grids rendered a higher thermal dissipation performance, with partially-covered square fractal grid (PCSFG) registering an outstanding increase of 43% in Nusselt number relative to the no grid configuration. The analyzation via an in-house developed single particle tracking velocimetry (SPTV) system displayed the findings of unique “Turbulence Annulus” formation, which provided a small degree of predictivity in the periodic annulus oscillations. Further assessments on PCSFG revealed the preferred inter-fin flow dynamics of (i) high flow velocity, (ii) strong turbulence intensity, (iii) vigorous flow fluctuations, (iv) small turbulence length scale, and (v) heightened decelerated flow events. These features stemmed from the coupling effects of multilength-scale fractal bar thicknesses in generating a veracity of eddy sizes, and a vertical segmentation producing heightened mass flow rate while inducing favourable wake-flow structures to penetrate inter-fin regions. Teeming effects of such energetic eddies within plate-fin array unveiled a powerful vortex shedding effect, with PCSFG achieving fluctuation frequency f = 18.5 Hz close to an optimal magnitude. The coaction of such traits limits the growth of fin boundary layers, providing superior thermal transfer capabilities which benefits the community in developing for higher efficiency heat transfer systems.

Experimental and numerical investigations of the transmitting antenna in microwave wireless power transmission with forced air cooling system

To address the heat dissipation problem of the transmitting antenna in microwave power transmission system, an optimization design approach is proposed in this paper. Based on the characteristic analysis of the transmitting antenna, an accurate simulation analysis model of three-channel heat dissipation system is established using computational fluid dynamics simulations and experiments. The influences of the structural parameters of heat sink on the heat dissipation performance of the antenna under different indexes are analyzed using the orthogonal experimental design method, and the heat sink are optimized. The results show that the fin pitch of the heat sink is the main factor influencing the maximum temperature and the temperature standard deviation, while the fin height is the main factor affecting the average temperature. Compared with the original design, the optimized heat sink can significantly improve the heat dissipation performance of the transmitting antenna, and the maximum temperature, average temperature, and temperature standard deviation are reduced by 8 °C, 5.9 °C, and 2.1 °C, respectively. The transmitting antenna prototype test verifies the heat dissipation performance of the transmitting antenna with the optimized heat sink. Therefore, the presented approach is suitable for the optimization design of the heat dissipation system of array antennas. • A forced air cooling thermal management system for the transmitting antenna is designed. • The orthogonal design method is used to optimize the plate fin heat sink of the transmitting antenna. • Multiple factor analysis is performed for the forced air cooling system. • The optimized plate fin heat sink based on the orthogonal design method achieves good performance. • Experiments are conducted to verify the thermal performance of the forced air cooling thermal management system.

Numerical study of PCMs arrangement effect on heat transfer performance in plate-finned heat sink for passive cooling system

Numerical study of PCMs arrangement effect on heat transfer performance in plate-finned heat sink for passive cooling system

SPTV sheds light on flow dynamics of fractal-induced turbulence over a plate-fin array forced convection

A 3D stationary particle tracking velocimetry (SPTV) with a unique recursive corrective algorithm has been successfully established to detect the instantaneous regional fluid flow characteristics. The veracity of SPTV is corroborated by conducting actual displacement measurement validation, which gives a maximum percentage deviation of about 0.8%. This supports the accuracy of the current SPTV system in 3D position detection. More importantly, the SPTV detected velocity fluctuations are highly repeatable. In this study, SPTV is proven to be able to express the nature of chaotic fractal grid-induced regional turbulence, namely: the high turbulence intensity attributed to multilength-scale wake interactions, the Kolmogorov’s −5/3 law decay, vortex shedding, and the Gaussian flow undulations immediately leeward of the grid followed by non-Gaussian behaviour further downstream. Moreover, by comparing the flow fields between control no-grid and fractal grid-generated turbulence of a plate-fin array, SPTV reveals vigorous turbulence intensity, smaller regional integral-length-scale, and energetic vortex shedding at higher frequency for the latter, particularly between fins. Thereupon, it allows the unravelling of detailed thermofluid interplays of plate-fin heat sink heat transfer augmentation. The novelty of SPTV lies in its simplicity, use of low-cost off-the-shelf components, and most remarkably, low computational complexity in detecting fundamental characteristics of turbulent fluid flow.

Experimental analysis of effect of base with different inner geometries filled nano-PCM for the thermal performance of the plate fin heat sink

Experimental research demonstrates the performance of electronic devices on plate fin heat sinks in order to guarantee that operating temperatures are kept as low as possible for reliability. Paraffin wax (PCM) is a substance that is used to store energy and the aluminum plate fin cavity base is chosen as a thermal conductivity enhancer. The effects of PCM material (phase shift material), cavity form base (rectangular, triangular, concave, and convex) with PCM, Reynolds number (Re = 4000-20000) on heat transfer effectiveness of plate fin heat sinks were experimentally explored in this research. The thermal performance of con-cave base plate fin heat sink with PCM is increased up to 7.8% compared to other cavity base heat sinks.

Investigating the performance of a NMPCM integrated heat sink for chipset cooling

The demand for effective cooling solutions is critical for electronic chip sets, since it improves the operation and longevity of electronic equipment. The heat removal from a finned heat sink (HS) integrated computer processor with the aid of a nano-mixed PCM (NMPCM) is investigated in this work. The heat generation of the chipset is replicated with the aid of a plate heater and the plate-finned heat sink is studied under three conditions, the first configuration is the plate-finned heat sink containing no PCM (FHS), the second configuration is the HS containing the plain PCM (P-FHS), and the last configuration is the HS containing a nanoparticle mixed PCM (NP-FHS). The NMPCM was prepared through the careful mixing of 0.5% nano-titania within the paraffin. The results showed that the assimilation of PCM and NMPCM with the finned-HS (NP-FHS) was verified to be effective in reducing the heating rate of the chip sets, comparing to the FHS and P-FHS configurations. Explicitly, the NMPCM had assisted to postpone the baseline temperature of the HS by 32 min and 14 min, respectively at the heating rate of 3.5 kW/m2 and 4.5 kW/m2, respectively.[copyright information to be updated in production process]

HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION OF HEAT SINKS THROUGH INCREASING EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

The present study proposes the step and trapezoid fin patterns applicable to the air-cooled plate fin heat sinks and plate-pin fin heat sinks. A total of four fin structures are designed and studied, including 1/2 step cut, 1/3 step cut, 1/2 trapezoid cut, and 1/3 trapezoid cut. The test results indicated that for the plate fin heat sinks, the heat transfer coefficient of the 1/2 step cut, 1/3 step cut, 1/2 trapezoid cut, and 1/3 trapezoid cut fin patterned heat sinks can be increased by up to 11%-16% with a 24%, 32%, 18%, and 23% reduction of surface area, respectively. Moreover, for the plate fin heat sinks with cut designs, the proposed designs can offer a maximum of 45% pressure drop reduction over the conventional design. The heat transfer augmentation is mainly attributed to the fresh air entrainment and the formation of multiple developing flow regions at the back end of the heat sink. As far as the plate-pin fin heat sink is concerned, the proposed fin patterns offer only a minor improvement (< 2%-3%) in the heat transfer coefficient, whereas it can reduce the pressure drop penalty up to 45% by suppressing the wake formation.

Experimental analysis of a heat sink for electronic chipset cooling using a nano improved PCM (NIPCM)

The impacts of a phase changing substance (PCM) and a nano-improved phase changing substance (NIPCM) on the thermal performance of a heat sink to be used for an electronic chipset are investigated in this work. The paraffin with suitable melting temperature was utilized as the base PCM, and 1.0% weight fraction of nano-silica (SiO2) was used with paraffin while preparing NIPCM. A plate fin heat sink was established during the experimentation. The investigations were performed with three different configurations of heat sinks. The first configuration was the plain heat sink without amalgamation of any PCM, which was labeled as HS. It was further integrated into PCM and NIPCM based thermal dissipation systems, and named as PCM-HS and NIPCM-HS, respectively. The effects of varying power levels on three distinct heat sink modules (HS, PCM-HS, and NIPCM-HS) were explored in passive working modes. It has been discovered that the PCM may greatly boost the system's thermal performance, and that the NIPCM, when compared to the PCM, can further improvise the performance under passive cooling conditions. When compared to the PCM, the nano-PCM module can improve heat sink’s thermal management through delaying heating time by up to 220%.

Numerical Study on Heat Transfer Characteristic of the Plate-Fin Microchannel Heat Sink for Water-Based Thermal Management of CPU Chip

For effective water-based thermal management of high heat generating CPU chip, a series of numerical simulation has been conducted to study the effects of heat flux, fin height and flow rate on convective thermal performance of the plate-fin microchannel heat sinks. The characteristics of heat transfer and flow resistance have been quantificationally discussed and <i>JF</i> factor is employed to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of convective heat transfer of microchannel heat sink. Results show that the increase in fin height and flow rate of cooling water is helpful to decrease the maximum temperature of CPU chip. Large flow rate and heat flux and short fin height are benefit to improve Nusselt number <i>Nu</i>, but they lead to large resistance coefficient <i>fRe</i> simultaneously. Analysis of <i>JF</i> factor shows that the microchannel with short fins shows better convective thermal performance when the thermal power of the CPU chip is small. The fins should be heightened when the CPU is operating at higher thermal power. The employment of <i>JF</i> factor in the present work shows its pertinence and convenience in the application of design of microchannel heat sink.

Structural Optimization Design of Sinusoidal Wavy Plate Fin Heat Sink with Crosscut by Bayesian Optimization

Structural Optimization Design of Sinusoidal Wavy Plate Fin Heat Sink with Crosscut by Bayesian Optimization

Design Optimization of Plate-Fin Heat Sink with Forced Convection for Single-Module Thermoelectric Generator

Design Optimization of Plate-Fin Heat Sink with Forced Convection for Single-Module Thermoelectric Generator

Heat Transfer Analysis of Plate Fin Heat Sink with Dimples and Protrusions: Investigation of New Designs

Numerous works have been carried out in the design and analysis of Heat Sink, however hardly any work have been reported with studies on dimples and protrusions being added to the heat sink geometries. This paper aims to find the worthiness for addition of dimples and protrusions to the common plate fin heat sink geometries for heat transfer enhancement. Analysis was carried out in forced convention environment for 9 different velocities computationally for 12 heat sink geometries at constant heat flux boundary condition applied to base of heat sink. Decrease in base temperature and thermal resistance of heat sink was considered as the performance factors. Further these computational results were validated experimentally. The results obtained from computational analysis were in good agreement with experimental results. The research outcome show that addition of dimples has proved its worthiness at slightly higher velocity regime with thermal performance being increased for a dimpled heat sink as compared to non-dimpled heat sink. Therefore, currently developed dimpled heat sinks can be a potential model that can be used in forced convection environment for better thermal performance and economy.

Thermal analysis of heat transfer with different fin geometry through straight plate-fin heat sinks

The benefits of using straight parallel -fin heat sinks with add and subtract fins are study by utilizing experimental and Computational simulation methods. Three-dimensional numerical simulations with different parameters were studied. Numerical simulations studied two types of straight plate fins: first model is straight plate-add fin heat sinks and second model is straight plate-subtract fin heat sinks. Experiments are studied with three shapes for the same dimensional numerical simulations: straight plate, straight with add semicircular and straight with subtract semicircular fin in turbulent forced-convection for Reynolds number in the range of 6300–35,120 and heat flux 1194–23353 W/m2. It is noticed from results that heat transfer coefficient show a good agreement between numerical simulation and experimental tests and increases at about (38%, 43%) for straight with added semicircular and straight with subtract semicircular fins when compared with straight than other shapes fins. Additionally, Nusselt number increases at about (21% and 32%) for straight with added semicircular and straight with subtract semicircular fins when compared with straight than other shapes fins.

Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a heat sink filled with PCM

Electronic devices and technologies have been revolutionized to meet future needs and users demands in terms of size, cost, and performance. Therefore, miniaturized devices have been of great interest and under investigation for the last decade. This demand requires attaining no less performance than achieved with large scale devices and designs. Hence, it becomes crucial to improve performance through changing physical design and/or utilized materials such as using composites or phase change material (PCM). In this study, two designs for heat sinks in the form of plates were created. The first was solid, whereas the second was hollow and contained PCM. Both of them were subjected to the same experiment conditions. The goal of the research is to figure out the overall temperature accomplished of both samples and to determine the impact of adding PCM to heat sinks thermal performance. The general design methodology for the heat sink is as follow: a steady heat source is applied to the plate fin heat sink's base. The plate heat sink's thermal efficiency was compared with and without the use of PCM. The results revealed that including PCM into the heat sink plate improves cooling and maintains the target temperature. Furthermore, the heat sink with a PCM outperformed by 30% compared to heat sink without PCM.