Plate Angle Research Articles

A novel technique for solving unsteady three-dimensional brownian motion of a thin film nanofluid flow over a rotating surface.

The motion of the fluid due to the swirling of a disk/sheet has many applications in engineering and industry. Investigating these types of problems is very difficult due to the non-linearity of the governing equations, especially when the governing equations are to be solved analytically. Time is also considered a challenge in problems, and times dependent problems are rare. This study aims to investigate the problem related to a transient rotating angled plate through two analytical techniques for the three-dimensional thin film nanomaterials flow. The geometry of research is a swirling sheet with a three-dimensional unsteady nanomaterial thin-film moment. The problem's governing equations of the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration are partial differential equations (PDEs). Solving PDEs, especially their analytical solution, is considered a serious challenge, but by using similar variables, they can be converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The derived ODEs are still nonlinear, but it is possible to approximate them analytically with semi-analytical methods. This study transformed the governing PDEs into a set of nonlinear ODEs using appropriate similarity variables. The dimensionless parameters such as Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are presented in ODEs, and the impact of these dimensionless parameters was considered in four cases. Every case that is considered in this problem was demonstrated with graphs. This study used modified AGM (Akbari-Ganji Method) and HAN (Hybrid analytical and numerical) methods to solve the ODEs, which are the novelty of the current study. The modified AGM is novel and has made the former AGM more complete. The second semi-analytical technique is the HAN method, and because it has been solved numerically in previous articles, this method has also been used. The new results were obtained using the modified AGM and HAN solutions. The validity of these two analytical solutions was proved when compared with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order (RK4) numerical solutions.

Effect of Inclined Orifice in Air Impingement Freezer on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Steel Strip Surface

In order to improve the heat transfer characteristics of the air impingement freezer, an impingement freezer experimental table was designed as the research object in this paper. Numerical simulation technology was used to simulate the impingement freezer experimental table on the basis of test verification. When the other structural parameters in the impingement freezer experimental table were constant, the effect of the inclination angle of the orifice plate (θ = 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, and 90°) on the heat transfer characteristics of a steel strip surface was analyzed by two aspects, the average Nusselt number and the heat transfer uniformity. The results showed that with the increase in the inclination angle of the orifice plate (60° ≤ θ ≤ 90°), the average Nusselt number of the steel strip surface was increased by 19.39%, and the heat transfer uniformity index was decreased by 33.69%. When θ = 90°, the average Nusselt number on steel strip was the maximum, which was 263.68, and the heat transfer uniformity index was the minimum, which was 0.2039. Therefore, the heat transfer intensity and heat transfer uniformity in the air impingement freezer could be improved when the inclination angle of the orifice plates was 90°. This helps to improve the output of the air impingement freezer, reduce energy consumption, and improve the quality of frozen food.

Localization of Deformation in a Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles of Dip Geometry and Plate Strength on the Evolution of the Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina

AbstractThe southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°–40°S) exhibit a complex deformation pattern that is influenced by multiple factors, including the present‐day dip angle of the subducting oceanic Nazca plate and the influence of inherited heterogeneities in the continental South American plate. This study employs a data‐driven geodynamic workflow to assess the role of various forcing factors in determining upper‐plate strain localization, both above the flat slab and the steeper segment to the south. These include the dip angle of the Nazca plate, the mechanically weak sedimentary basins, the thickness and composition of the continental crust, the strength of the subduction interface, and the plate velocities. Our modeling results predict two main deformation modes: (a) pure‐shear shortening in the broken foreland above the flat‐slab segment and eastward propagation of deformation, and (b) simple‐shear shortening restricted to the eastern margin of the Andean fold‐and‐thrust belt above the steep‐slab segment. While the convergence velocity and the frictional strength of the subduction interface primarily control the intensity of the deformation, inherited heterogeneities tend to localize deformation, and weak sediments leads to intensified surface deformation. Thicker crust and surface topography also influences strain localization by transferring stress to the eastern orogenic front. Above the flat‐slab segment deformation migrates eastward, which is facilitated by enhanced interface coupling. The transition between the steep and sub‐horizontal subduction segments is characterized by a diffuse transpressional shear zone, likely controlled by the change in dip geometry of the Nazca plate, and the presence of inherited faults and weak sedimentary basins.

Numerical analysis on hydrodynamic performance and hydrofoil optimization for amphibious vehicles

A numerical approach is established to study the hydrodynamic performance using an amphibious transport vehicle (ATV) as a research object. Numerical calculation based on the Reynolds average Navier–Stokes method is studied in terms of first layer grid height, surface meshing partition scale, and prismatic layer coefficient. Through uncertainty analysis, the correctness and convergence of the numerical approach are verified. Towing tests are conducted to compare the experimental data with the simulation results, which validated the reliability of the numerical approach under all working conditions. Results show that the numerical approach will affect the simulated results, with an average error of 3.91% for the resistance and 4.21% for the trim, meeting the requirements for analysis accuracy. Based on the proposed numerical approach, an optimization design is carried out to improve the hydrodynamic performance of the ATV. Effects of bow plate angle, stern flap angle, and stern flap install height are studied. Latin hypercube is used for sampling in optimization design, and the Kriging method is applied to establish an approximate model. The cross-validation is carried out using the leave-one-out method. Particle swarm optimization is used for parameter optimization, and the optimized configuration is verified using the numerical approach. Results indicate that the combination of bow plate and stern flap shows excellent improvement in the hydrodynamic performance of amphibious vehicles. Numerical error of the approximate model is only 0.292%, which fully verifies its accuracy and effectiveness. The optimized ATV configuration shows the best drag reduction performance of 38.81% compared to the original model.

Investigating the behavior of an innovative butterfly‐shaped damper: An experimental and numerical study

SummaryThe concentrically braced frame (CBF) suffered from low dissipating energy capacity although it pertains to a high lateral elastic stiffness and ultimate strength. To overcome the shortcoming, in this paper, an innovative damper made of two butterfly‐shaped plates installed at the end of the diagonal member of the CBF was considered experimentally and numerically. Also, the required equations were presented to design the system. In an experimental study, the damper showed stable hysteresis loops without any degradation in stiffness and strength up to a rotation of 12% (0.12 rad). This rotation capacity is 50% greater than the AISC limitation. Also, the numerical study indicated that by increasing the angle of main plates, the structural parameters are improved as ultimate strength (Fu), 47% to 90%; stiffness (K), 64% to 97%; energy absorption (E), 23% to 11%; and overstrength (Ω), 59% to 96%. By reduction of the damper's height, the parameters Fu, K, E, and Ω are increased by 47% to 76%, 23% to 64%, 49% to 93%, and 23% to 27%, respectively. Moreover, although the geometry of the damper affected the elastic stiffness, the stiffness in the nonlinear zone was independent of the geometry of the damper. Correspondingly, the slenderness limitations were suggested as 15 for height to thickness ratio and 22 for wide to thickness ratio.

Influence of cavity floor injection strategy on mixing improvement study of a splitter plate-assisted supersonic combustor

In the current research, an effort has been made to investigate the splitter plate-based scramjet combustor by inserting a cavity in the lower wall and observing how the different geometric parameters of the combustor, namely the cavity's aft wall angle, the bottom wall's divergence angle, and the splitter plate's angle of attack, affect the mixing performance of the supersonic combustor. Initially, experimental data from the published literature for a splitter plate is used to validate the implemented computational approach. Next, different aft wall angles of the cavity are compared, and the optimal value is found to be 120° The current investigation demonstrates that geometric modification significantly affects the performance of a splitter plate-assisted supersonic combustor. An increase in the cavity's aft wall angle improves the combustion efficiency. A further study is conducted on the splitter plate + cavity at various divergence angles of the bottom wall. According to our study, the separation region on the top wall increases as the divergence angle increases, resulting in a reduction in combustion performance. Finally, while simulating different angles of attack of splitter plate, it has been noticed that, for a negative angle of attack (-1°), the cavity provides a recirculation region and a sufficient shear mixing layer. This allows adequate air-fuel mixing to sustain combustion.

Acoustic characteristics of supersonic planar impinging jets

The present work aims to study the tonal and broadband noise associated with a supersonic planar jet, of Mach number 1.28 and Reynolds number 50000, impinging on a flat plate. Five different cases are considered corresponding to different plate distances and angles of impingement. The near-field noise is analyzed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). For this, we employ a low dispersive and dissipative Finite Volume solver using AUSM for inviscid fluxes and third-order Runge–Kutta method for temporal discretization. The far-field noise is calculated using a hybrid approach in which the acoustic sources and mean flow are provided by the fluid solver while the far-field acoustic pressure is calculated by an acoustic solver. It solves Acoustic Perturbation Equations using a spectral/hp element method with a Discontinuous Galerkin projection. The present work highlights many important acoustics studies of impinging jets. Firstly, the far-field sound with the effect of non-uniform base fields is obtained which is important as the far-field acoustic pressure in most of the literature is reported either without any base fields or by the application of uniform base fields. Secondly, a correlation between the different modes of oscillations of the impinging jet and the production of impinging tones is studied using Modal Decomposition techniques. This analysis also sheds some light on the number of concurrent cycles for the different nozzle-to-plate distances. Lastly, the relation between the phase lag term and the distance between the plate and the nozzle exit is highlighted using a vortex tracking method. These observations can serve to provide a better understanding of the sound generation process.

On-demand tuning of mechanical stiffness and stability of Kresling origami harnessing its nonrigid folding characteristics

Being adaptive with respect to changing operating conditions and the environment is an imperative demand for advanced engineering structures. In this research, two Kresling origami units are stacked together to form an online and on-demand tunable dual-Kresling origami structure (D-KOS), allowing easy and significant change in the multistability profile and apparent stiffness without redesign. Specifically, by harnessing its nonrigid folding nature together with geometric characteristics, the D-KOS can be programmed to follow distinct paths of its strain energy contour as varying (rotational angle of the top plate of the D-KOS), which can be utilized to explicitly derive different mechanical properties. The D-KOS with identical Kresling origami units can exhibit various symmetric bistable behaviors with different energy barriers via adjusting . Such a structure becomes a monostable system as the tuning variable reaches a critical value. This change in the energy landscape and stability profile gives rise to a change in stiffness at its stable equilibria, which, as a result, creates a wide range of stiffness value one can achieve, including quasi-zero stiffness. Such tuning of does not require redesign of the structure and thus can achieve online and on-demand tailoring. To verify the concept, proof-of-concept prototypes are developed and utilized to validate the D-KOS’s mechanical tunability experimentally. Moreover, the different design parameters of the D-KOS can change its tunability. For example, the D-KOS with nonidentical Kresling origami units can possess even richer stability properties (being asymmetric bistable, symmetric bistable, and monostable) with various energy landscapes. In addition, one can also tailor the range of the adjustable stiffness by changing the design parameters, such as the ratio of the angle between the polygon side and the valley crease of the triangular facets, and the height of the Kresling origami unit.

An investigation into the micro-geometric tapered-shape surface design of the piston bore of a piston–cylinder interface in an axial piston motor

Abstract. In pursuit of design solutions that reduce energy loss and improve wear resistance for the piston–cylinder interface in an axial piston motor, a fluid-structure interaction numerical model and a new test rig of the friction force of the piston–cylinder pair are developed to achieve the analysis and design of the micro-geometric tapered-shape surface of a piston bore. The piston bore with the tapered-shape surface axial distribution length ratio of 49.44 % of the overall length is found to be the relatively optimized one. Furthermore, how the shaft speed, load pressure, and swash plate angle influence the performance of the two-type interface is analyzed. Numerical analysis results show that, compared with the traditional cylindrical piston bore design, the piston–cylinder interface with the optimized tapered-shape piston bore in the axial piston motor can achieve a significant reduction in leakage flow and friction force, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.

Study on the parameters of detached dual splitter plates and comparison with single plate for VIV suppression

In the actual marine engineering environment, vortex-induced vibration will affect the safety of cylindrical structures. Rigid splitter plates have become one of the suitable VIV suppression solutions due to their simple structure and low maintenance costs. Therefore, on the basis of numerical simulation, this paper analyses the influence of the gap between parallel and non-parallel double splitter plates and the arrangement angle of non-parallel double splitter plates on the VIV suppression effect at a fixed flow rate. In addition, the VIV suppression effect of the single and dual splitter plates with the same parameter combination is evaluated under the condition of multi-flow velocity. It is found that the parallel dual splitter plate cannot provide good VIV suppression, especially when the gap exceeds the cylinder diameter, the suppression effect begins to deteriorate. However, on the basis of a certain gap between the plates, the dual splitter plate with arrangement angle is more effective than the single splitter plate in suppressing the transverse vibration of the cylinder. Therefore, when using dual splitter plates for VIV suppression, the parallel dual splitter plates should be avoided. When a better transverse vibration suppression effect is required, the arrangement angle can be appropriately changed.

Pullout Capacity of Single and Biwing Anchors in a Soft Clay Deposit: Model Investigation in a Centrifuge and FEM Predictions

One of the ways to install plate anchors in deep seabed is to drop the anchor system from the sea level and allow it to initially embed in the seabed under its own weight. Further dragging would cause the anchor to rotate and embed further into the seabed. There could be difficulties of getting the anchor plate horizontal or mooring line to be perpendicular to the plate where the maximum pullout capacity could be achieved. As part of the investigations, various aspects of the plate performance were examined through centrifuge testing in which the plate orientation and pullout angles were varied. It was presumed that dynamic stability of the anchor (during field installation) can be achieved by having the plate in biwing configuration. Therefore, the performance of the biwing anchors having different spacing between the plates was also examined in the centrifuge testing program and the findings were compared with predictions obtained through finite-element modeling (FEM). Both pullout directions and the plate angles considerably influenced the pullout capacity factors. The comparison between the predicted pullout capacity using FEM and measured pullout capacity for biwing anchors at shallow embedment depths was excellent. However, the FEM-predicted pullout capacity was noticeably lower than the measured ones for deep anchors. Pullout capacity of biwing anchors at shallow embedment depth increased as the spacing between the plates S increased from 0 to 0.5B. However, there appears to be a slight reduction in the performance in deep embedment anchors. This is also reflected in FEM findings.

Functional Outcome of Intra-articular Distal Radius Fractures Treated with Volar Variable Angled Locking Compression Plate at a Tertiary Care Center

Abstract Context: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most prevalent fractures involving the upper extremity, accounting for nearly 18% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons. Although numerous treatments have been established for the management of DRF, the “gold standard” treatment for intra-articular DRF is still debated. Aims: This study aimed to assess the functional and radiological outcome of intra-articular DRF treated with volar variable angled locking compression plate (LCP) at a tertiary care center with a follow-up of 2 years. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective observational study. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with intra-articular DRF who underwent volar variable angled LCP stabilization were included in the study and followed up for 2 years after surgery. Three-column classification was used to classify the included individuals. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were utilized to assess the functional outcome. The follow-up radiographs were analyzed using the Batra anatomical score. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS (Version 20.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Thirty patients with a mean age of 44 years (34–59 years) were included in the study. Eighteen individuals had all three columns affected and 12 had two-columnar intra-articular DRF. At 2-year follow-up, the median QuickDASH Score was 2.3, MMWS was 85, VAS was 1, and the median Batra score was 90. Handgrip of the operated limb was comparable to the uninjured limb. Conclusions: Volar variable angled LCPs restore the articular architecture allowing for an excellent range of motion, good grip strength, and early functional mobility with minimal complications. Hence, LCPs appear to be superior to existing treatment techniques for DRF.

Evaluation of the Influence of Build Orientation on the Surface Roughness and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin and Its Comparison with CAD-CAM Milled Denture Base Resin.

The purpose of this study was to determine the surface roughness and flexural strength of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture base resin printed with two different build plate orientations and to compare them with a computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) milled denture base resin. Sixty-six specimens (n = 22/group) were prepared by 3D printing and CAD-CAM technology. The group A and B specimens were 3D-printed bar-shaped denture base specimens printed at 120-degree and 135-degree build orientation, respectively, whereas group C specimens were milled using a CAD-CAM technology. The surface roughness was assessed using a noncontact profilometer with a 0.01 mm resolution and the flexural strength was determined using a three-point bend test. The maximum load in Newtons (N) at fracture, the flexural stress (MPa), and strain (mm/mm) was also measured. Data were analyzed by a statistical software package. One-way analysis of variance test was applied to determine whether significant differences existed among the study groups, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test to determine which resin group significantly differed from the others in terms of flexural strength and surface roughness (p ≤ 0.05). The flexural stress (MPa) of group C was 200% of group A and 166% of group B. The flexural modulus was 192% of group A and 161% of group B. In contrast, group A had the lowest mean value among the three groups for all the parameters. No significant difference was seen between group A and group B. The mean roughness values of the CAD-CAM denture base resin specimens (group C) were the least (127356 nm) among all the three groups. The mean surface roughness of the 3D-printed denture base specimens (group A) was 1,34,234 nm and that of group B was (1,45,931 nm); however, it was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The CAD-CAM resin displayed superior surface and mechanical properties compared to the 3D-printed resin. The two different build plate angles did not have any significant effect on the surface roughness of the 3D-printed denture base resin.

Experimental and simulation investigations on perforation of titanium alloy plates against armor-piercing projectile at oblique impacts

Titanium alloy is an advanced lightweight armor material, widely used in armored vehicles. Experimental and simulation investigations on perforation of titanium alloy plates impacted by armor-piercing projectiles were performed in this study. The critical ricochet angle and failure morphology of 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm titanium alloy plates subjected to projectiles were obtained. Simultaneously, Numerical simulations of the oblique perforation of titanium alloy plates were then performed on the high-performance computer using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA, and the validity of the numerical model was verified by comparing with the experimental results. Furthermore, typical process of projectile oblique penetration into titanium alloy target plate was analyzed and the influence of factors such as inclination angle and thickness on the ballistic performance of titanium alloy plates were discussed. It is found that the residual velocity of the projectiles decreases with the increase of inclination angle of target, indicating that increasing the inclination angle of the target plate can significantly reduce the perforation performance of armor-piercing projectile. In addition, the critical ricochet angle of titanium alloy plate is sensitive to its thickness, and larger thickness can reduce the critical ricochet angle of the titanium alloy plate.

The suppression of the probe laser pumping effect in SERF atomic magnetometer

Introduction: A spin exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometer, as an ultra-highly sensitive magnetic field sensor, is limited by the performance of the probe laser system. The probe laser pumping effect (PLPE) hinders the increase in the performance of probe laser system.Methods: This study investigated the PLPE and proposed a method for suppressing the same. Through changes to the angle of a quarter wave plate and the addition of a triangular modulated magnetic field to the alkali atoms, the suppression point was determined.Results and discussion: Further, related parameters were measured for different degree of polarizations of the probe laser, which confirmed that the influence of PLPE on the magnetic field was the least at the suppressed point.

A Novel Adaptive Control Scheme for Automotive Electronic Throttle Based on Extremum Seeking

To achieve rapid and high-precision servo control of an electronic throttle, an adaptive control scheme is proposed based on the extremum seeking (ES), which consists of a variable-gain adaptive proportional-integral (ES-API) controller and an adaptive compensator (ES-ACP). The two gains ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K_p}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K_i}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> ) of the ES-API controller are designed as maps with respect to the tracking error, and the parameters of these maps are learned by ES. Additionally, the ES-ACP is applied to compensate for the strong nonlinearity inherent in an electronic throttle control (ETC) system, whose parameters are also learned by ES. During parameter learning, an objective function is utilized to quantify the tracking error of the opening angle of the electronic throttle plate, and then the parameters are learned using a step reference signal and a ramp reference signal. ES optimizes the above parameters by reducing the objective function to achieve a more favorable tracking response. Five reference signals are used to evaluate the learned controller after the parameter learning process is completed. Experiments were performed on a test bench equipped with an electronic throttle, and the experimental results show that the control scheme is capable of tracking multiple reference trajectories quickly and accurately.

Paleozoic VMS-type stratiform mineralization overprinted by Mesozoic vein-type mineralization in the Yushui copper deposit, eastern Guangdong, South China

The South China hosts a number of stratiform deposit in Late Paleozoic depression, including the Yushui copper deposit (which has a Cu grade up to 53% with an average grade of about 3.5%) in the Yong-Mei-Hui depression. The genesis type of Yushui copper ore is highly controversial due to the influence of post mineralization tectonic and magmatic activities, which affects the exploration of the deposits. Yushui copper deposit is mainly composed of stratiform ore body and stockwork orebody in the footwall, with typical VMS-type deposit characteristics and its mineralization age of 308 Ma. Small amounts of vein-type ore body can also be seen in the hanging wall dolomite of the stratiform ore body, which mainly develops along the joints and faults, and the mineral assemblage includes chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, furutobeite, and rare earth minerals (xenotime and bastnaesite). Hydrothermal sericite is also developed when vein-type ore body cut the sandstone in the footwall of stratiform ore body. Pristine euhedral xenotime and bastnaesite crystals from the Yushui Cu mineralized of veins ore body yield LA-ICP-MS weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 162.5 ± 6.7 Ma (1 s, MSWD = 11.8) and 164.6 ± 5.3 Ma (1 s, MSWD = 9.5), respectively. Hydrothermal sericite yields a plateau 40Ar–39Ar age of 163.19 ± 7.60 Ma, which is consistent with the xenotime and bastnaesite U–Pb age, suggesting that the vein-type Cu mineralized is generically related to the Middle-Late Jurassic hydrothermal event. These ages indicate that in addition to the major Late Paleozoic mineralization events that formed VMS-type stratiform ore body, there were also small-scale hydrothermal vein-type ore body formed during the Middle and Late Jurassic mineralization events that did not cause major disruptions to the earlier stratiform ore body. Combining with the chronological research of other copper deposits in the southeastern coastal area of China, this article believes that these 170 ∼ 155 Ma deposits were all due to the crust-mantle interaction caused by changes in the subduction angle of the ancient Pacific plate. Our study suggests that the southeastern margin of the South China has potential for the exploration of polymetallic hydrothermal mineralization related to Middle-Late Jurassic magmatic rock.

Unstable distal radius fractures fixation with a 2.4 mm volar variable-angle locking plate: radiological and functional assessment

Background: The main objective of this observational study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of variable angle volar plates in intra-articular distal end radius fractures. Methods: Patients with distal end radius fractures (AO type 3C) treated operatively between Jan 2020 and Dec 2020 and then followed up for at least 12 months. A total of 32 patients (11 men and 21 women) with a mean age of 51.9 years were included in the study. The functional outcome was assessed by using modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS), disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, wrist range of motion (ROM) and grip strength relative to the uninjured side and radiological assessment of radial height, volar tilt, and radial inclination. Results: MMWS and DASH scores improved postoperatively over time. Signs of radiographic union started around 12 weeks after surgery. The most common complication observed was finger and wrist stiffness, which was resolved with active wrist and finger movements. Non-union or hardware-related complications/ late complications such as tendon irritation/attrition were not observed with variable angle volar locking plates. Conclusions: Distal end radius fracture fixation with variable angle plate gives favourable radiological and clinical outcomes. These results can be owed to features such as low profile, variable locking, anatomical design and implant biomechanics. The surgeon determined angulation of the distal row of screw fixation may decrease the incidence of joint penetration and improve fixation of radial styloid and lunate facet stability.

A two-phase analysis of the use of water-aluminum nanofluid in a solar still with a layer of phase change materials

This study employed the finite element method to simulate a solar still three-dimensionally. Aluminum nanoparticles were used in the still's tank, at the bottom of which was a layer of the N-auxin Phase Change Material (PCM). The variables of the problem included the degree of solar radiation for 12 different hours a day, the 10–45˚ angle of the front glass plate of the still, and the ambient temperature ranging from 293˚K to 330˚K. The effects of these variables on the air temperature, glass, PCM, and PCM volume fraction were examined. A two-phase method was used to analyze the nanofluid in the tank. The results showed that solar radiation generally had the highest effect on the maximum PCM temperature, maximum air temperature, and PCM volume fraction. However, the drop in the ambient temperature had the maximum impact on the maximum glass temperature. The PCM inside the solar still made the maximum air temperature slightly higher in the evenings than in the mornings. As a result, the maximum glass temperature could reach 330˚K at the ambient temperature of 330˚K and maximum solar radiation. In the last hours of the study, a decline in the angle of the solar still's front plate reduced the volume fraction of the molten PCM. Besides, at the 10˚ angle of the still's front plate, a drop in the outside temperature led the PCM to freeze faster.

Investigation of the effect of trapezoidal infill plate angle on the behavior of the corrugated steel shear walls – An experimental and numerical study

AbstractStudies on corrugated steel shear walls (CSSWs) generally indicate a noticeable increase in energy absorption, as well as an increasing shear buckling capacity of corrugated plates more than the flat plates. In this article, the effect of changing the angle of the trapezoidal panel on the behavior of CSSWs has extensively been investigated. Three specimens of CSSW with one story and single bay in half‐scale are tested under cyclic load. Gravity loads are not applied at the top of the walls; however, the horizontal load has been applied at the top of each specimen. The loading sequence has been implemented through “displacement control” with increasing and decreasing amplitudes. The observations of the experiment do indicate that stress concentration has been increased in the corner of subpanels, by increasing the corrugation angle. Also, the stiffness and energy dissipation are getting decreased, by growing the corrugation angle. Investigating the numerical models has been showing that in CSSW, seismic factors are affected by corrugation angle; however, varying parameters against changing angles do not show any reasonable relationship. The obtained results of investigating the effect of surrounding frame stiffness variation on the behavior of walls have also been indicating that increasing frame stiffness shall not be leading to improving all seismic parameters.