Knowledge Of Plastic Surgery Research Articles

Plastic surgery in gynaecology: Factors affecting women’s decision to undergo labiaplasty. Mind the risk of body dysmorphic disorder: A review

ABSTRACTAesthetic surgery of the female genitalia is on the rise. Many procedures are performed. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder and often goes unrecognized in plastic surgery. This review examines actual knowledge of plastic surgery in gynecology, knowledge of motivational factors of women, and BDD. We carried out a systematic electronic search. We used a combination of relevant keywords to construct the search strategy. Included studies were systematic reviews or primary studies published 1990–2017 and containing information about BDD. Reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed quality, undertaking narrative synthesis. The research revealed a variety of plastic procedures available and why women consider undergoing labia reduction surgery.

The Benefit of a Formal Plastic Surgery In-Service Conference

Annually, residents are expected to take an in-service examination to gauge their understanding of plastic surgery knowledge and prepare them for the American Board of Plastic Surgery written examination. In addition, in-service score are now being used as an assessment tool for fellowship applicants. Because of the breadth of Plastic Surgery material, it is difficult to prepare a resident for such a comprehensive examination. At the University of Utah, a weekly conference was instituted to help prepare residents for the in-service and board examination with the goal of improving scores. A weekly 90min review conference was initiated at the University of Utah in an effort to improve in-service scores. Residents along with a member of the faculty reviewed old in-service examination questions and discussed the selected topics in depth. The residents' examination score averages per PGY level were compared from years before and after initiation of the conference. In addition, examination scores for each individual were compared before and after initiation of the conference. Paired t-test comparisons were performed to analyze the results. Statistically significant improvement in residents examination scores averages were observed from years before and after initiation of the conference after the second year of training (42% vs 62%, p = 0.03). Furthermore, examination scores for each individual obtained the years before and the year after initiation of the conference significantly improved (31% vs 71%, p = 0.01). When comparing individuals in years prior to implementation of the conference there was no statistically significant improvement from year to year. Implementation of a formal weekly in-service conference significantly improved performance on the in-service examination. Improvement was found when comparing between PGY training level after the second year of training and individually for residents. These results advocate for a focused educational conference for preparation for the in-service examination.

Male medical students' perception of plastic surgery and its relationship with their cultural factors.

Objectives:This study is an attempt to establish the knowledge of the medical students on the specialty of plastic surgery, in addition, to know their opinions about its relationship with their cultural factors.Patients and Methods:This is a cross-sectional study; participants invited randomly from the college of medicine at King Khaled University to fill a questionnaire consisted of 20 questions regarding the basic knowledge, attitude, perception, and understanding of plastic surgery and its subspecialties.Results:Medical student participated in our study; their perception towards plastic surgery specialty was positive as they believed that this is a specialty as any other medical specialties; Out of 201 (45.6%), 81 (18.4%) assured plastic surgery is a good specialty. The biggest concerns about joining to cosmetic surgery were a difficulty of accepting in this specialty (34.9%). There is a significant relationship between the plastic surgery and cultural factors (P < 0.05). On other hand, there is no significant relation between choosing plastic surgery specialist among medical students and community overview about plastic surgery specialty (P = 0.15).Conclusion:Despite the confession of the importance of plastic surgery between Saudi medical students, a large portion of them refuses plastic surgeons due to cultural factors. Increasing knowledge of plastic surgery subspecialties deserves attention.

Abstract: The Benefit of a Formal Plastic Surgery In-Service Conference in Improvement of In- Service Scores

INTRODUCTION: Annually, residents are expected to take an In-service exam to gauge their understanding of plastic surgery knowledge and prepare them for the American Board of Plastic Surgery written examination. In addition, In-service score are now being used as an assessment tool for fellowship applicants. Because of the breadth of Plastic Surgery material, it is difficult to prepare a resident for such a comprehensive exam. At the University of Utah, a weekly conference was instituted to help prepare residents for the In-service and board examination in hopes of improving scores.1,2

Evaluation of the Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Exam: Lower Extremity Questions

ObjectiveTo facilitate the training of plastic surgery residents, we analyzed a knowledge-based curriculum for plastic and reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity. DesignThe Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Exam (PSITE) is a commonly used tool to assess medical knowledge in plastic surgery. We reviewed the lower extremity content on 6 consecutive score keys (2008-2013). Questions were classified by taxonomy, anatomy, and subject. Answer references were quantified by source and relative year of publication. ResultsTotally, 107 questions related to the lower extremity (9.1% of all questions) and 14 questions had an associated image (13.1%). Questions required decision making (49%) over interpretation (36%) and direct recall (15%) skills (p < 0.001). Conditions of the leg (42.1%) and thigh (24.3%) constituted most of the questions. Subject matter focused on flap reconstruction (38.3%), nerve injury (8.4%), and congenital deformity (6.5%). Analysis of 263 citations to 66 unique journals showed that Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (54.9%) was the highest yield primary source. The median year of publication relative to PSITE administration was 6 (range: 1-58) with a mode of 2 years. Plastic Surgery by Mathes et al. was the most referenced textbook (21.9%). ConclusionsThese data establish a benchmark for lower extremity training during plastic surgery residency. Study efforts focused on the most common topics and references will enhance trainee preparation for lower extremity PSITE questions.

Plastic Surgery Response in Natural Disasters.

Disasters cause untold damage and are often unpredictable; however, with proper preparation, these events can be better managed. The initial response has the greatest impact on the overall success of the relief effort. A well-trained multidisciplinary network of providers is necessary to ensure coordinated care for the victims of these mass casualty disasters. As members of this network of providers, plastic surgeons have the ability to efficiently address injuries sustained in mass casualty disasters and are a valuable member of the relief effort. The skill set of plastic surgeons includes techniques that can address injuries sustained in large-scale emergencies, such as the management of soft-tissue injury, tissue viability, facial fractures, and extremity salvage. An approach to disaster relief, the types of disasters encountered, the management of injuries related to mass casualty disasters, the role of plastic surgeons in the relief effort, and resource management are discussed. In order to improve preparedness in future mass casualty disasters, plastic surgeons should receive training during residency regarding the utilization of plastic surgery knowledge in the disaster setting.

Awareness and Perception of Plastic Surgery among Healthcare Professionals in Pune, India: Do They Really Know What We Do?

Purpose. The aim of this study is to understand the level of awareness and knowledge of plastic surgery in healthcare professionals in a tertiary health care facility in Pune, India. This study also aims to highlight the perception of the medical professionals about plastic surgery and what they think a plastic surgeon does. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire-based survey was done at B.J Medical College and Sassoon Hospital, Pune in 2011. Feedback evaluation forms from hundred resident doctors and faculty were evaluated and analyzed. Results. There is not much awareness about plastic surgery as a specialty amongst health care providers. Plastic surgery is mostly perceived as cosmetic surgery, and the other spectrum of the patients we cater to goes largely unnoticed. Of all the clinical conditions given to the participants, there was not a single clinical condition where the respondents favored unanimously for plastic surgeons. Conclusion. Plastic surgery as a specialty is poorly understood by our medical colleagues, and the onus of creating and improving the awareness and perception of our specialty lies on us. Herculean unified efforts at individual as well as global level will help us achieve this goal.

FaceTime with Apple and Information Technology

Sir:FigureFaceTime, an application found on the iPhone 4 and iPad from Apple, Inc. (Cupertino, Calif.), allows users to experience real-time video conferencing on their cellular device. With the click of one or two buttons, users are connected face-to-face in any location that has Internet service. As described in an article in Vein Therapy News, a surgeon at the University of Arizona's Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance was able to instantly connect with the associate director of Valley Presbyterian Hospital Amputation Prevention Center in Los Angeles for a real-time wound consultation.1 Evaluation of more emergent issues with the assistance of video consultation has been shown to achieve higher diagnostic accuracy in other fields, including neurosurgery.2 This technology can profoundly impact the field of plastic surgery, increasing its outreach throughout medicine. The evaluation of a wound is one of the most frequent consultations received by any plastic surgery service or surgeon. Initial, over-the-phone recommendations are often held until the surgeon has physically “laid eyes” on the wound. Discrepancy between the initial description of the wound and the severity of the defect can handicap prioritization of consultations and diminishes efficiency. FaceTime and similar programs address these shortcomings by taking advantage of “newer, digital, dynamic, image-based learning” that can increase the dissemination of plastic surgery knowledge.3 Since the release of some of the first camera/mobile phone combined devices, text messaging of images has been used as a means of communicating photographs of wounds. Although we have found this to be of great benefit at our institution, photographs do not allow real-time manipulation of camera angles, nor do they allow for real-time conversation with the patient or consulting physician. Very little regarding functional status, such as range of motion or strength, can be ascertained from still images. As Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery releases applications to enhance its visual and auditory content beyond static text and pictures, we believe that the same technology will augment the practice of seeing wound consultations. A role for video consultation has already been identified in numerous Internet-based programs that facilitate direct physician-to-physician interaction. Such programs have been used in different settings, including real-time consultation between Level I trauma centers and rural community hospitals.4 Unfortunately, application of these systems has been limited by the need for transportable computers, cameras, and software. However, with FaceTime, the hardware and software infrastructure—the absence of which has been prohibitive in the past—is already in place. Using this technology, the plastic surgeon can visualize the important details necessary in evaluation and can thereby give initial recommendations without delay. The plastic surgeon is then more likely to effectively delegate responsibilities to different members of the wound care team. The evaluation of amputations, for example, could take place with wound-specific initial instructions to the patient and providers remotely. Mobilization of appropriate resources before patient arrival may increase efficiency while decreasing costs and optimizing patient outcomes. Indeed, nothing will replace being at the patient's bedside. The hope is that this technology equips plastic surgeons in ways that provide more time to be with those patients who need our specialty the most. Ajul Shah, M.D. Charles Tuggle, M.D. James E. Clune, M.D. Derek Steinbacher, M.D., D.M.D. Anup Patel, M.D., M.B.A. Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.

Family physicians’ perception of plastic surgery and its influence on referral. A survey from Poland

Background: Inadequate family physicians’ knowledge of plastic surgery might be a barrier for patients to benefit from plastic surgery treatments reimbursed by the Polish National Health Service (NHS).Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess family physicians’ awareness of the indications for plastic surgery, and their knowledge of conditions that are treated without extra costs for the patient in plastic surgery outpatient clinics (OCs).Methods: An e-mail survey was carried out in a group of 100 out of 378 randomly selected primary care doctors currently practicing in Lodz, central Poland. Respondents were asked to fill in a questionnaire, which contained questions about conditions with reimbursed treatments in plastic surgery OCs. We also provided them with a list of diseases and asked them to which OC they would refer a patient in such case.Results: 58 primary care physicians responded: 30 specialists in family medicine and 28 residents in the final year of their specialization in family medicine. Respondents had good knowledge of the range of conditions managed in plastic surgery OCs. They were also aware of most of the medical procedures not being reimbursed by the Polish NHS. However, some indications for plastic surgery as well as the free availability of relevant medical procedures were known by less than half of the respondents (e.g. lipoma 47%, gynaecomastia 28%, and xanthelasma palpebrarum 16%).Conclusion: To improve collaboration between plastic surgeons and family physicians basic information regarding plastic surgery might be included in residency programmes in family medicine.

How to improve plastic surgery knowledge, skills and career interest in undergraduates in one day

Plastic surgery now occupies a negligible component of many undergraduate curricula. The British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons Undergraduate Course aimed to introduce and improve students' plastic surgery knowledge and skills, as well as develop personal career interests. This research aims to quantify whether this was achieved. Students attending the one-day course were invited to complete a questionnaire before and after the course. Questions were self-reflective and incorporated four key themes: (1) plastic surgery knowledge; (2) awareness of the work of a plastic surgeon; (3) ability to perform basic plastic surgical skills; (4) career interest in plastic surgery. Non-medical students were given an identical questionnaire to quantify public perception of the work of a plastic surgeon. 121 students attended from 17 universities across the UK, with 93 completing the questionnaire (77% response rate). Paired analyses compared mean or median scores of the students' answers before and after the course. After completing the course, medical students significantly improved in all four key themes (p<0.01). 93 non-medical students completed questionnaires. Medical students were significantly more accurate at identifying plastic surgery procedures than non-medical students (P < 0.01), which was further strengthened after completing the course (P < 0.001). This study demonstrates the positive educational impact of a one-day plastic surgery event for medical students and supports the need for plastic surgery education at an undergraduate level.

Herbert Moran Memorial Lecture. World War I: the genesis of craniomaxillofacial surgery?

Herbert Moran enlisted in the Royal Army Medical Corps early in World War I. His autobiography captures the impact of contemporary experience of wartime gunshot wounds, seen in vast numbers and with little understanding of the requirements of wartime surgery. Wounds of the face and brain were numerous, especially in trench fighting. In France, Germany, Britain and elsewhere, surgeons and dentists collaborated to repair mutilated faces and special centres were set up to facilitate this. The innovative New Zealand surgeon Harold Gillies developed his famous reconstructive techniques in the Queen's Hospital at Sidcup, with the help of dental surgeons, anaesthetists and medical artists. The treatment of brain wounds was controversial. Many surgeons, especially on the German side, advocated minimal primary operative surgery and delayed closure. Others advocated early exploration and immediate closure; among the first to do so was the Austro-Hungarian otologist Robert Bárány. In 1918, the pioneer American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing published well-documented proof of the desirability of definitive operative management done as soon as possible. Few World War I surgeons developed their knowledge of plastic surgery, neurosurgery and oral surgery in post-war practice. An exception was Henry Newland, who went on to pioneer the development of these specialties in Australasia. After World War II, the French plastic surgeon Paul Tessier created the multidisciplinary subspecialty of craniomaxillofacial surgery, with the help of his neurosurgical colleague Gérard Guiot, and applied this approach to the correction of facial deformities. It has become evident that the new subspecialty requires appropriate training programs.

Plastic surgery knowledge: state of the art.

Dallas, Texas Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence win championships. —Michael Jordan Rod J. Rohrich, M.D. Co-Editor, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical School 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite E7.210 Dallas, Texas 75390-9132 rod.[email protected]