Plastic Roller Research Articles

An Innovative Design and Fabrication of Indian Flatbread Making Machine

About 60 million Metric Tons (MMT) of wheat is processed to obtain Atta annually in India. It is consumed mainly in the form of Indian flatbread. Dough is prepared by mixing wheat flour with water, followed by sheeting the dough to form circular shape with small thickness. The flat circular sheet of dough is subjected to thermal treatment to get delicious and diet food as Indian Flatbread which is consumed by majority Indian peoples daily. Nowadays, flatbread making process is dying in Indian families because of busy life style and increased disposable income to fulfill the need of city life culture. It is evident that the Atta processing industry is showing the growth of more than 30% annually. But, there is an ever ending demand for ready-to-eat as well as easy-to-carry food as Indian flatbread which leads to the way for mechanizing flatbread making process with the aid of machineries. Hence, it is decided to make a detailed plan to fabricate low-cost Indian flatbread making machine that can yield high quality and traditional Indian flatbread. The machine designed consists of AC motor unit, plastic roller with handle which rotates smoothly by bearing and other maker parts. Design of Indian flatbread making machine was done by CATIA V5 R18 3D Modeling software. Fabrications of all the parts have been done with the assist of suitable machines. In this project work all the challenging parts are fabricated as per an innovative design followed by rigid fabrication as per need and the parts were assembled to perform indented function as flatbread sheet making process.

No One But Us

No One But Us Megan Staffel 1 A long, unmarked bus, silver on top, a weathered blue on the sides, entered the piazza. At the same time, thousands of miles away, a B-52 sailed through the sky, its long, silver body weathered by the equatorial sun. Bombs laddered down on a stronghold of the North Vietnamese Army that might, in actuality, have been a school full of children, and as the plane slipped back into clouds, the settlement that had been its target burst into fire. Meanwhile, in Rome, the bus circled the fountain and discharged its payload, a pack of children who attended the international school. The younger ones raced down the sidewalks that fed into the piazza while the older ones stayed where the bus had let them off, talking and dancing about, the more sophisticated among them lighting smokes. Vespas and cars zipped around the fountain, tables and chairs stood before a coffee bar, and at the top of a building, Petula Clark, coming soon to Palazzo dello Sport, gazed from a billboard. The bombing appeared on page four of the Rome Daily American where the purpose of the targeted building wasn't discussed. A mother knelt in the dust; she saw a charred notebook at the edge of the rubble, her son's name on the cover. With a stick, she brought it towards her, everything still so hot, but no one took a picture. In Rome, the last two children crossed the piazza. They were the same height, but one was skinny and girlish while the other had a mature shape. They seemed related; they didn't talk, and the more developed one trailed behind the other. They went into a bar, came back with coffees, sat at an outdoor table. "So, happy vacation!" Eleanor, the skinny older sister said. She was in her own life now. Our narrator must pull back, allow her to have her own life. "Yeah, some vacation," Melinda replied. "How come you don't have to go to summer school?" "You know why." "Well, it's not my fault. It's that stupid teacher. I did all the work, I can't help it." Melinda groped in her school bag, pulled out a compact and quickly brushed color onto her cheeks. She snapped the case shut and dropped it into the bag. Only then did she lift her coffee and take the first foamy sip, looking not at her sister but outwards, at the small, sealed world of the piazza in the afternoon. Every day after school they went to that coffee bar, and in the month that Petula Clark had been gazing down at them, her power never diminished. They [End Page 12] knew the words to her hit song, "Downtown," and whenever it spilled out of radios and TVs they sang along, their voices joining the great ballad of female loneliness sweeping across the globe. The singer's longing was their longing, a promise of the sadness that came naturally with adulthood. Eleanor looked up at the billboard. The parted mouth, the black lined eyes, the sculpted bouffant were an image of perfection so far off, so unattainable she worried she would never come close despite her sacrifices, the nights sleeping on plastic rollers, the early mornings at the mirror with the tiny jar of makeup and the impossibly small brush. And not only that. She saw the blood-stained panties Melinda tossed in the wash and how, when she picked up her bookbag to resume the walk home, she lifted her head only once to Petula, giving her the quick, admiring glance of a peer. As her sister maneuvered through the empty tables, six Vespas buzzed to the curb. Melinda ignored them, her patent leather shoes tapping the pavement, her hips rolling beneath the emerald skirt she had worn to school every day that week despite their mother's initial, halfhearted complaint: It's too short and too tight and filthy besides. The Vespas followed for a while, but by the time Eleanor caught up, they'd disappeared. When the girls turned onto their street, they shot down from the block above, six machines swooping in...

Salmonella Transfer during Pilot Plant Scale Washing and Roller Conveying of Tomatoes

Salmonella transfer during washing and roller conveying of inoculated tomatoes was quantified using a pilot scale tomato packing line equipped with plastic, foam, or brush rollers. Red round tomatoes (2.3 kg) were dip inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 (avirulent) (4 log CFU/g), air dried for 2 h, and then washed in sanitizer-free water for 2 min. Inoculated tomatoes were then passed single file over a 1.5-m conveyor equipped with plastic, foam, or brush rollers followed by 25 previously washed uninoculated tomatoes. Tomato samples were collected after 2 min of both washing and roller conveying, with all 25 uninoculated tomatoes collected individually after conveying. Roller surface samples were collected before and after conveying the uninoculated tomatoes. Both tomato and surface samples were quantitatively examined for Salmonella by direct plating or membrane filtration using xylose lysine Tergitol 4 agar. Regardless of the roller type, Salmonella populations on inoculated tomatoes did not significantly (P < 0.05) decrease during contact with the roller conveyors. After conveying uninoculated tomatoes over contaminated foam rollers, 96% of the 25 tomatoes were cross-contaminated with Salmonella at >100 CFU per tomato. With plastic rollers, 24 and 76% of tomatoes were cross-contaminated with Salmonella at 10 to 100 and 1 to 10 CFU per tomato, respectively. In contrast, only 8% of 25 tomatoes were cross-contaminated with brush rollers with Salmonella populations of 1 to 10 CFU per tomato. Overall, cross-contamination was greatest with foam, followed by plastic and brush rollers (P < 0.05). Adding peroxyacetic acid or chlorine to the wash water significantly decreased cross-contamination during tomato conveying, with chlorine less effective in controlling Salmonella on foam compared with plastic and brush rollers.

GM-009 Study of the price of producing a bag by dose preparation robot for drugs for oral administration

BackgroundAll hospitals have been required to consider medication safety since the decree of 6 April 2011. The preparation of drugs to be administered (PDA) is a crucial step.The Compiegne Noyon...

The Effect of Displacement Mode of Rigid Retaining Walls on Shearing Bands by Active Earth Pressure

This work treats the physical modeling of failure mechanisms by active earth pressure. This last is developed by retaining wall movement. A lot of research showed that wall displacement has a significant effect on active earth pressure. A good comprehension of active earth pressure phenomenon and its failure mechanisms help us to better conceive retaining walls. The conception of a small-scale model allowed the realization of active earth pressure tests, while displacing the mobile wall toward the outside of the massif. The studied material is that of Schneebeli; light two-dimensional material made of cylindrical plastic rollers, simulating granular non-cohesive soil. The evolution of shearing zones under continuous and discontinuous displacement modes of mobile walls by correlation pictures allows the investigation of the localization of deformations and failure mechanisms.

Refining Hemp Fibers for Papermaking

Hemp, an annual plant that grows well in the temperate climate, is an alternative fiber source. While there are data on its disk refining, there is little available about its behavior in other pulping equipment. This paper focuses on a series of tests conducted with the Szego Mill™ SM 440 equipped with four plastic rollers to determine its suitability in refining hemp fibers. The resulting pulp was mixed with Kraft pulp and then the strength and optical properties were measured. A comparison in the performance of the mill in refining wood chips and hemp is presented with respect to fiber properties and paper quality.

A Newly Identified Methyl-branched Chain Fatty Acid Synthesizing Enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis BCG

Mycobacterium bovis BCG produces a variety of methyl-branched fatty acids. They include C28 to C32 mycocerosic acids esterified to phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerol and the shorter (C22 to C26) mycocerosic acids esterified to phthiocerol. A mycocerosic acid synthase gene-disrupted mutant was still able to produce the shorter mycocerosic acids. The enzyme short chain mycocerosic acid synthase (SMAS), that catalyzes the synthesis of such acids, was purified using anion exchange and red-agarose chromatography. Gel filtration showed the native enzyme to be a 537-kDa protein. Since SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed a 280-, 170-, and 100-kDa protein and they cross-reacted with antibodies prepared against the 280- or 100-kDa protein, this enzyme is composed of the three subunits or two 280-kDa monomers with an unusual susceptibility to a proteolytic nick. SMAS utilizes methylmalonyl-CoA with C12 to C20 acyl-CoA as primers and with either NADH or NADPH as the reductant to synthesize the short mycocerosic acids. The Km values for NADH and NADPH were 93 and 90 microM, respectively. Antibodies raised against either the 280- or 100-kDa protein inhibited the incorporation of methylmalonyl-CoA into fatty acids by SMAS. The enzyme is not immunologically closely related to mycocerosic acid synthase or fatty acid synthase.

特殊合成樹脂製スーパーカレンダー及びオンマシンカレンダーロール ＩＩ 実機での使用結果

Following previous studies in which resins were evaluated on an experimental basis for applicability to supercalender rollers and on-machine soft calender rollers, the present paper describes conditions and results of plastic roller application in commercial paper mills. Plastic rollers are used for four types of soft-nip calenders, of which three are on-machine soft calenders and one is an off-machine soft calender. The on-machine soft calenders have been operating successfully and the off-machine soft calender has also been in smooth operation, although some initial problems were encountered. Although super-calenders have been operating favorably for thermosensitive paper, the application to the production of glassine paper is being tested. In addition, for other types of paper, only one or two rollers for multiroll super-calenders have been used, and applications are still being developed. The paper finishes by considering precautions to be taken when using plastic rollers.

15] Isolation of the BSC-1 monkey kidney cell growth inhibitor

Publisher Summary The growth inhibitor is isolated from the medium that has been conditioned by exposure to high-density cultures of BSC-1 (African green monkey kidney) cells. The BSC-1 cells are grown either in 15 cm tissue culture dishes or in plastic roller bottles, depending on the volume of the conditioned medium that is to be processed. Although the yield of inhibitor is lower per unit volume of the conditioned medium, the use of roller bottles is advantageous if volumes larger than a few liters are to be processed. The growth inhibitor is isolated from the conditioned medium by ultrafiltration and is purified by chromatography on BioGel P-60 in 1 M acetic acid, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The BSC-1 monkey kidney cell growth inhibitor is closely related to platelet type-β transforming growth factor (TGFβ).

Failure Mechanisms in High-Density Polyethylene Rollers

This paper describes failure processes in plastic rollers that undergo rolling contact, and the effect of initial surface roughness upon wear and rolling fatigue. Experiments were performed with mating cylindrical rollers of high-density polyethylene (PE rollers) and chrome-plated cylindrical driving rollers. Surface roughness of the PE roller is affected by three successive transition processes. In the first period, the amount of wear can hardly be measured, although a reduction of surface roughness is noted. During the second period, wear occurs in proportion to the initial surface roughness. In the third period, wear becomes independent of the initial surface roughness, and increases in a manner exponential to load. At the end of this period, small cracks appear randomly, and grow into pits. Roller fatigue Life, defined by the time when cracks appear, is shown by an S-N curve. It is found that fatigue limiting stress, represented by Hertz stresses, is about 107pa.

NEWS OF INDUSTRY

Plastic Rollers in Paper Mill. A paper mill in the U.S.A. has solved the corrosion problem of conveying rollers by replacing the brass rolls with PVC pipe and ordinary steel pipe, the unplasticised plastic being shrunk on to the steel by a process developed by A. M. Byers of Pittsburgh. This innovation to the Fourdrinier section of the paper machine improves the performance of the machine. Corrosion from acidic process solutions and abrasion from woven conveying wire and the paper itself caused rapid deterioration of conventional rollers. The latter must be perfectly smooth and true to 0.030 in. or the paper formation is destroyed.