Plastic Decorations Research Articles

Yield improvement on in-mold decoration manufacturing through parameter optimization

In-Mold Decoration (IMD) is an efficient, durable and cost effective technique for printing, painting, and forming plastic decorations. However, a large number of parameters involved in IMD manufacturing process and the complex relationship between these parameters make the determination of the optimal parameter setting a challenging task. This paper proposes a systematic framework integrating Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and logistic regression to improve the yield of IMD manufacturing process. The integrated framework becomes easy to identify the optimal parameter setting, saving a great deal of time and money in the manufacturing process. On the empirical study in collaboration with IMD company, the proposed framework shows the significant result from 10% to 87.5%, validating the viability of the proposed framework in real settings.

THE EMIGRATION OF PREALPINE LAKE MASTERS: A STUDY OF A 17TH‐CENTURY MANTELPIECE ATTRIBUTED TO THE CARLONE FAMILY OF ROVIO (TICINO, SWITZERLAND)*

This work illustrates the possible connections between the phenomenon of the seasonal emigration of lake masters and the production of artistic artefacts. Within the ambit of these dynamics, a stucco mantelpiece was taken into consideration. Nothing was known about the object: neither its origin, nor the artist who produced it, nor the period of execution. Historical, stylistic and formal analyses of the materials and of the technique with which the work was executed allow us to verify that the mantelpiece was produced using the stucco technique in the 17th century, in Rovio (southern Switzerland, Ticino), and that it comes from one of the exponents of the Carlone workshop, whose representatives were important in the tradition of itinerant artistic workers. Due to their good technical and professional specialization, the Carlone workshop served both public and private buyers. Tommaso Carlone is the principal representative artist of the Carlone workshop; it is certain that his workshop produced the stucco mantelpiece. The migrations of the artists were seasonal and they maintained a close bond with their country of origin. When they returned to the country of origin, they produced works of great artistic value, of which the mantelpiece represents a splendid example. Through the employment of conventional analytical techniques (optical and electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and porosity measurements), it has been possible to study the technique with which the work was executed, the materials used and the decay. The mantelpiece was produced using the stucco technique by means of a body layer (slaked lime and silicate and carbonate aggregates) and a marmorino finishing layer (slaked lime and pointed calcite crystals). Above this layer, whose thickness varies in relation to the executed result, there is a thin lime plaster whitewash, pigmented with the dispersion of yellow ochre particles; chromatic alterations are an oxalate patina caused by firm adhesion to the marmorino layer, due to the denaturation of the proteic substances employed. The final treatment was made with beeswax, which increased the marmoreal effect. Several additional layers of lime plaster whitewash have also been applied over the centuries. The figurative central square of the plastic decoration was made using red ochre.

EDXRF study of Tupi-Guarani archaeological ceramics.

A set of indian Brazilian pottery fragments belonging to Tupi-Guarani tradition has been studied by an archaeometric non-destructive technique. The pottery fragments were accidentally discovered in the Santa Dalmacia farm, sited near Cambé city at the north of Paraná Brazilian state. Each one of these fragments came from different ceramic recipients and their physical characteristics are very similar. The EDXRF measurements were performed employing both an X-ray tube and three radioisotope sources (Fe, Cd and Pu). The compositional data of the ceramics paste and pigments is investigated. For detection of the elements within the ceramic paste, the fragments were irradiated at the center of the lateral section, while several superficial areas with remaining plastic decoration were also chosen and irradiated at the convex and concave sides of each fragment. A paste-subtracted compositional data of the remaining pigments was statically extracted from the XRF analysis of each area. A program based on the graphic polygonal representation method was developed and used to correlate the representative intensity data of each fragment.

Til bords med Marsk Stig – En oversigt over keramikken fra Hjelm

Dining with Marsk Stig A survey of the Hjelm pottery Potsherds occur frequently in nearly every excavation of a medieval settlement. Working with this abundance of sherds is usually a laborious job, but it is sometimes very rewarding. This was the case when during recent years the small island of Hjelm off the east coast of Jutland was excavated. The Hjelm excavation was published in 2002. However, the pottery is interesting enough to deserve special treatment.The Hjelm pottery stems from the period between 1290, when the castles on Hjelm were built, and 1306, when King Erik Men­ved captured the island and burnt down the settlement. Consequently, an examination of the Hjelm pottery is important for two reasons: Firstly, because the castles were connected to a certain class, and secondly, because they had a very short lifetime. The amount of pottery found on Hjelm is not large. In all, 854 sherds were found during the excavations of Fyrbakken (the Lighthouse Hill), Kastelbakken (the Citadel Hill), Mønt­værkstedet (the Mint), and certain areas in the open landscape (fig. 1). The pottery finds consist of glazed jugs for the table, unglazed, grey cooking pots, and a number of colourful, imported jugs for serving and drinking. There are relatively few rim types represented, which may be due to the short lifetime of the castles (fig. 2). The glazed jugs have a plastic decoration of strips, scales, or ‘raspberries’ – all known from a number of other finds (figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6). A visual examination of the fabric indicates that the majority of the domestic pottery was made by potters on the Djursland peninsula. Apart from the domestic pottery, there is a considerable amount of imported white fabric jugs and early stoneware (fig.7), such as polychrome white fabric jugs from Rouen and Saintonge (fig. 8) and early stoneware jugs made in the Rhine and Weser areas (figs. 9 and 10). In view of the dating of the castles, it is interesting that only early stoneware occurs on the island, whereas completely sintered stoneware is absent. This indicates that ‘proper’ stoneware did not reach the area until the early 14th century. The variation within the imported pottery is considerable, with pottery from many different places of origin. This suggests that Marsk Stig (Lord High Constable Stig Andersen) and his men attached importance to the maintenance of a cosmopolitan lifestyle with an emphasis on the pleasures of the table, on status, and on demonstrating power. Jette Linaa LarsenMoesgård MuseumTranslated by Annette Lerche Trolle

EDXRF study of Tupi-Guarani archaeological ceramics

A set of Indian Brazilian pottery fragments belonging to Tupi-Guarani tradition has been studied by EDXRF. The main objective was to characterize the ceramic paste, as well as the superficial layer of the ceramic fragments, in order to get qualitative information about the pigment composition of the plastic decoration. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) methodology was employed to obtain the ceramic paste composition, as well as the superficial layer of the ceramic fragments. The experimental set-up consisted of 238Pu, 55Fe and 109Cd radioactive sources, a X-ray tube (at 15 kV, 40 mA, Mo target and Zr filter), a Si(Li) detector (30 mm 2, with a Be window) and a multichannel analyzer. X-ray spectra were analyzed using the AXIL program. A program based on the graphic polygonal representation method was developed and used to correlate the representative intensity data of each fragment. A low Ca content and a systematic presence of relatively high concentrations of Fe can characterize the ceramic pastes. Ti and Zr are also always present at high levels, and Ni, Cu and in some cases Zn at level of traces; Rb, Sr, Ba and Y are also present at low concentration. The black pigment in the pottery plastic decoration is due to the presence of Mn, the red pigment is due to the presence of Fe, while the white pigment is characterized by the presence of Ba. For the eleven fragments studied, the polygonal representation method points that the same materials were employed in the pottery production, and the pigments in the plastic decoration were obtained from different inorganic materials.

Die Grablege der sachsischen Kurfursten zu Freiberg: Ideelle Dimensionen eines internationalen Monuments

The Renaissance Kurfurstenkapelle at Dom St. Marien in Freiburg, Germany, burial place of the electoral princes of Saxony, is discussed. The family grave, probably the most “international” monument built in Saxony during the Renaissance, attracted visitors from all over Europe. The choir was transformed into a burial place by Italian architect Giovanni Maria Nosseni, and the Italian sculptor Carlo di Cesare was responsible for the plastic interior decorations. The magnificent marble-alabaster-brass sepulchral monument of Prince Moritz, designed by Gabriele and Benedetto Tola and executed by Antonius van Zerroen, was completed in 1563. The chapel is much more than a dynastic burial place: Its design and decoration were determined by the notion of a symbolic space offering access to a kind of limitless freedom of the princes.

Laconian Clay and Bronze Oinochoae with Plastic Decorations

Laconian Clay and Bronze Oinochoae with Plastic Decorations

Study o f archaeological pottery from Paraná State em ploying nuclear non destructive techniques

Fragmentos de cerâmica indígena da região de Londrina, norte do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil, pertencentes à coleção arqueológica do Museu “Padre Carlos Weiss” foram estudados por EDXRF, RBS e Transmissão de Raios Gama. Além da composição química da pasta cerâmica, também foi possível detectar alguns elementos dos vestígios da decoração plástica. Foram obtidas as composições quantitativas das pastas cerâmicas e comparadas com os resultados de análise química por espectroscopia de emissão atômica. Os fragmentos também foram analisados por transmissão de raios gama para inspecionar sua estrutura interna e homogeneidade. A análise densitométrica mostra claramente pastas cerâmicas bastante diferenciadas, tanto em homogeneidade como em densidade, sendo posssível a caracterização de algumas técnicas de manufatura da pasta, como a inclusão de pequenos fragmentos cerâmicos como antiplástico

A Morphometric Freeze-Fracture-Etch (FFE) Analysis on The Nature of Intramembrane Particles

We have recently completed (J. Cell Biol, in press) a morphometric analysis of FFE preparations of a membrane fraction from mammalian urinary bladder epithelial cells that gives a new insight into the nature of intramembrane particles (IMPs). The preparation contains vesicles of a membrane with paracrystalline arrays of external particles in placques 0.2-0.5μm in diameter. In transverse sections of placques (Fig. l) particles ~65Å thick by 100Å wide are seen spaced ~140Å center-to-center making the lattice membrane ~130Å thick. The interplacque membrane is an ordinary unit membrane ~75Å thick. We have prepared specimens for FFE study by centrifuging vesicles onto a glass cover slip cationized with alcian blue. The unattached membrane fragments were washed away with water and a small copper disc was placed on the cover slip before freezing by immersion in liquid propane by a special technique giving unusually high freezing rates. he specimens were fractured under liquig nitrogen and freeze-dried at -100° in a Denton FFE unit operated at 5 x 10-8 Torr. Platinum-carbon replicas were prepared by arc sublimation at -193°C. Unusual fracture planes sometimes occurred revealing EF, PF and PS surfaces as in Fig. 7. Two distinctly different patterns were observed in the EF faces: 1) placques consisting of globular particles each ~100-120Å in diameter spaced in a regular lattice corresponding to the external particle lattice (Fig. 4 - GP and Fig. 7). 2) placques entirely free of such particles in which a regular domain pattern was found with a lattice constant of 160Å (Fig. 1 - SP). The repeating unit in the latter was a domain consisting of a partial ring of metal ~20-25Å thick surrounding a shadow in the center of which there was a particle of metal about 20-25Å in diameter (filtered image inset to lower left in Fig. 4). Diffraction patterns from each type of lattice (insets Fig. 1) show the same lattice constants with evidence of shadowing directionality in the smooth lattice (absent diffraction spots) and prominent decoration in the globular lattice to the right (equal 1,0 spots). At the edges of placques the smooth lattice domains cast smooth shadows onto the glass (Fig. 5) whereas the globular particles cast spiked shadows (Fig. 6). Using the glass surface as a reference and employing stereoscopic techniques, measurements were made of the heights of the globular particle and the smooth domain lattices above the glass. The particle heights were analysed statistically and it was found that the mean globular particle height above the glass was 163(±24)Å. The total mean thickness of the unfractured lattice membrane was 146(±14)Å. The mean height of the smooth domain lattice above the glass was found to be 108(±17)Å. A model derived from thin sections corrected for 150Å shrinkage predicts the total lattice membrane thickness to be 1508 and the interplacque membrane to be 86Å. The model predicts the height of the EF face above the glass to be 107Å. The measurements indicate that the smooth domain lattice could represent a real structure and that the globular particles are artifacts. The PF faces in these membranes was studied in whole cells as well as membranes fractured on glass and found to be devoid of pits of sufficient size to accomodate the globular EF particles. The pattern in the PF faces (Fig. 2) consisted of domains in a hexagonal lattice with a lattice constant of 160Å. In this case each domain consisted of a complete ring of metal about 40Å thick surrounding a shadow around a central spot of metal about 608 in diameter. Fig. 3 is a filtered image of Fig. 2 showing this. The EF and PF faces are complementary in the sense that they contain similar structures; however, the ring shadows in each are mirror images. The globular EF lattice pattern was completely uncomplementary to the PF lattice in keeping with the conclusion that the globular particle is an artifact. It is probably produced by a combination of plastic deformation and decoration. Supported by NIH Grant #5 P01 GM 23911.

Plastic Materials in the Yankee Clipper

A LARGE amount of plastic materials is used in the construction and furnishing of the American machines of the Yankee Clipper class, used in the trans-Atlantic air service. According to an article in the Electrician of March 8, colour plays an important part in the furnishing and decoration of these machines. The average American traveller is very critical of his travel-surroundings, and as he is relatively a prisoner in the machine for long hours on end, it is essential that his liking for cheerful surroundings be satisfied. Plastic decorations have been found to be most useful by the designers.