Plastic Cards Research Articles

Abstract

Dosimetry methods for use in dose assessment for individuals following acute exposure to radiation are described. Primary methods include biodosimetry and physical dosimetry techniques, while additional supplementary methods are bioassays, neutron activation, and radiation field mapping. Biodosimetry methods include the established techniques of dicentric chromosome assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, translocation analysis by fluorescent in-situ hybridization, premature chromosome condensation, and the γ-H2AX assay. Emerging techniques include RNA expression-based, protein-based, and metabolomic-based assays. Physical dosimetry methods include electron paramagnetic resonance and the luminescence-based techniques of thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence. Electron paramagnetic resonance methods are used to assess absorbed dose in biologically derived materials, such as bone, teeth, and keratinous tissue, as well as non-biologically derived materials such as sugars, glasses, and polymeric materials used in fabrics and other personal items. Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence techniques are used to assess absorbed dose in the components of personal electronics, along with other items such as plastic cards, fabrics, and clothing. There have also been similar efforts for teeth and dental repair ceramics. Since the above-listed techniques cannot distinguish between exposure to internal and external sources, bioassays may be used to assess exposure from internal contamination, including thyroid counting, chest counting, and excretion analysis methods. When a neutron exposure is expected, neutron activation analysis in blood, hair, or other non-biological items is useful. Radiation field mapping can be a useful method for determining locations where doses to individuals may be expected to be high and may complement radiation transport calculations performed for that purpose. Since immediate medical assessment is concerned with tissue reactions (deterministic effects), the quantity of interest for the above dosimetry methods is absorbed dose (expressed in gray). This Report concludes with a summary of the various methods and a brief discussion of the uses of such information in the aftermath of acute radiation exposure.

Prevention of Payment Card Frauds using Biometrics

Digitization era has paved the path for digital economy. The advent of plastic cards such as credit and debit cards facilitate many services and products anytime and anywhere but they suffer with fraudulent attacks. This paper proposes a novel approach for the prevention of payment card frauds using biometrics. The approach works with the existing payment card security system and takes the advantage of biometric recognition technology that serves with a unique ID and bears anindividual’s biometric data like Aadhaar. The integration of biometric verification system with the payment card security system not only strengthens the security of card users but also it ensures the physical presence of card holder at the point of sale. The system like Aadhaar may be successfully linked with the payment card processing system for supplementing identity verification of users and making the environment free from card frauds. The performance of the proposed payment card security system using biometrics shows that the probability of breaching user’s identity is significantly low and found to be in the range of − to − for face, fingerprint and iris recognition

A cashless payment transaction (CPaT) using RFID technology

<span>Virtual money is an actual money that a person own but in a form of a plastic card, an online account and a token or a ticket. Referring to the cash-base system, it is full of fraud and money scam activity. It even happens in a smaller division of a human population which are among family members. For example, when a child decided to do a money scam towards their parents by asking for extra money for what they actually needed to pay for school internal fee and with today’s technology, they can easily recreate a receipt of the payment based on the amount of money they have scammed. In this Cashless Payment Transaction (CPaT) in a school based on Low Frequency (LF) RFID Technology system, the system offers a virtual money transaction in the plastic card form and allows the transaction to be monitored by parents with the help of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, MySQL database and Email notification system. The MySQL database is paired with the PHP prgramming language where the calculation for deduction credit will be done before being updated to the RFID card and MySQL database. As a result, the system will allow a cash-free transaction for school payment activity and allow parents to monitor their child spending activity and nutrition intake via MySQL database that are designed based on Graphical User Interface (GUI) within one minute after the transaction is successfully done.</span>

Financial Behavior of the Population of the Republic of Kalmykia: An Economic and Statistical Analysis

Introduction. The large-scale work to improve the financial literacy of the population of Russia, initiated by the leadership of the country in 2011, has enhanced the developments aimed at studying the peculiarities of the financial behavior of the population of individual regions. The purpose of the study is to resolve the contradiction between the irrational financial behavior of people living in the Republic of Kalmykia, described by scientists and journalists, and the results of a nationwide sociological study, according to which Kalmykia is among the regions with a high level of financial literacy. Materials and Methods. The results of the nationwide sociological study ‘Financial Literacy Ranking of the Regions of Russia 2018’ and the official statistics from the websites of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Bank of Russia formed the information base of the conducted study. In terms of methods, tools for time series analysis were used. Results. A detailed analysis of the statistical data describing the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been performed, namely: per capita income of the population, the volume of loans granted to individuals, the share of overdue loans and the volume of deposits made by individuals. A negative ratio has been revealed between the value of loans provided to individuals in the region and the volume of deposits made by them. A conclusion has been drawn that it is necessary to study the reasons for such irrational financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia and to develop effective measures to improve financial literacy. Discussion and Conclusion. The irrationality of the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been objectively confirmed by the dynamics of statistical indicators characterizing the levels of the loan debts and savings. At the same time, an analysis of financial literacy ranking results has shown that the Republic of Kalmykia received a high ranking due to a higher level of use of the Internet banking services and plastic cards, however, a low level of savings activity and a high level of trust in banks in the Republic of Kalmykia have also been confirmed. The results obtained can be used in the development of financial education programs for residents of various regions with similar problems.

Demonetization Effect on Agriculture Sector - Problems and Prospects

Agriculture in Indian, economy shares around 50 per cent of the workforce. Farmers, who are considered as the backbone of our national economy, were sternly affected by the currency note demonetization of Indian economy. Most of the farmers who are availing loans from cooperative banks have no cash reserves to supply them. With this effect farmers were not able to buy seeds, fertilizers and other required things for farming on time. It took almost 8 weeks to resolve this issue. Till that time, farmers found it very difficult, they normally deal their transactions in cash. The cash transactions in our economy are extremely high when compared with the total number of electronic transactions carried on a daily basis. Most of the earlier studies emphasizes more about cashless payments and its advantages, Debit and Credit Cards using in retail sector, e-payments and their problems faced by the public in using plastic cards for payments etc., all these could not solve the shortage of currency in the country at a time. Eventhough there is no much difference in value and volume of currency i.e., the calculated values for the hypotheses formulated are 0.148 and 0.075 respectively, but the people were much more suffered due to the demonetization of currency by the Government due to that agriculture sector severely affected. The previous studies could not much focused on agriculture sector. Hence, this kind of specific study is highly needed in the context of demonetization. By using multi-stage random sampling technique 330 sample respondents were selected.

Об учете умысла при продолжаемой краже с использованием банковских пластиковых карт

Об учете умысла при продолжаемой краже с использованием банковских пластиковых карт

A Practical Noncontact Model to Create Standardized Experimental Burn Wounds of Any Thickness: Blue Beam Laser Pointer for Burn Induction.

The objective of this study was to describe a predictable and easy-to-use model that can create standardized burn wounds. A 450-nm 1000-mW blue beam laser pointer was used to create burn wounds on the dorsal skin of 24 Sprague Dawley rats. Twelve distinct areas of dorsal skin were pulsed for 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23 seconds with the help of a punched plastic card template. Three groups of 8 animals were killed immediately after on the third day and on the seventh day of the procedure and tissue samples were taken for histological evaluation and measurements. A second-degree burn was obtained in all animals with 3 and 5 seconds of laser application on the same day, third day, and seventh day measurements. Seven seconds of application resulted in a burn depth of 84.87% of dermis on the application day which deepened to involve the whole dermal layer on the third and seventh day. Nine seconds and longer application times resulted in third-degree burn wounds. Burn induction with blue beam laser pointer is an easy-to-use, predictable and safe model to create a standardized burn wound of desired thickness.

How the ATM Affects the Way We Pay

Cash users withdraw money from automated teller machines (ATMs) to finance cash payments. However, most ATMs in the United States dispense only multiples of $20 bills. The paper first constructs a consumer's optimization model showing how the precise denomination of dollar bills available from ATMs affects consumers' decision whether to pay with cash or with (plastic) cards. Then, the paper uses various statistical techniques to conduct empirical analyses of consumers who choose to pay cash for transactions below a certain threshold payment amount and pay with cards for transactions exceeding that threshold.

Payment Card Market in Russia: Peculiarities and Prospects of Development

Currently, cashless payments using plastic cards are gaining ever more popularity. The article analyzes the dynamics of the main indicators of the payment card market development, characterizes its features, as well as the prospects for development, in particular, in investigates the dynamics of the number of settlement (debit) and credit cards issued by Russian credit institutions in 2012-2017; the dynamics of the number of credit institutions in Russia that issue and / or do acquiring of payment cards in 2012-2018. The article brings forth a classification of the main plastic cards types, gives their general characteristics, the structure of payment cards issued by credit institutions of the Russian Federation, the dynamics of issuing and the degree of their penetration into the Russian market. The authors conclude that the prospects for the development of the plastic cards market can be associated with an increase in penetration of payment cards into the Russian market of non-cash payments, or with departure from plastic cards and transition to biometric identification of customers for their cashless payments.

Smartphone-Identifiable Photoluminescent Nanoparticle-Based Multilevel Secured Tags by Electrical Microcontact Printing

To fight the boom in counterfeiting and especially the fraud of official documents, we propose herein original multilevel integrated security features: photoluminescent nanoparticle-based tags (PL tags). Using the electrical microcontact printing technique, PL tags are fabricated at large scale and are successfully integrated in the production line of plastic cards. We introduce COC-based stamps in the fabrication process to meet industrial constraints in terms of speed, cost and robustness. Depending on the resolution of security features, from several millimeters down to several micrometers, PL tags can also combine several degrees of reading and so security. Indeed, using a simple blue LED, they could be quickly identifiable by naked eye or a simple smartphone camera. In addition, they could also embed smaller features only readable with an optical microscope.

Taxonomy of digital community currency platforms

ABSTRACTCommunity currencies are used to pay for products or services within specific groups defined by geographical boundaries or specific common interests. Financial crises, social emergence in developing countries, and increased access to digital devices have stimulated a growing number of communities worldwide to develop digital currency projects. These projects use technologies ranging from traditional plastic cards to mobile phones and blockchain technologies. Following the design science research approach, this paper analyzes digital community currencies (DCCs) by developing a taxonomy based on platform architecture, governance, transactionality and virtuality. By investigating 22 DCC platforms around the world, 4 groups were distinguished: local, proprietary, commons and cyber. The identification of these four different groups of digital community currencies allows us to better discuss the potentials and limitations of each one of them. The presented taxonomy can be useful to researchers and practitioners both to explain and to design DCC platforms. Discussing each of the emerging categories from the proposed taxonomy helps us to provide insights into DCCs, offering a new theoretical frame for investigating the particular case of digital payment platforms.

Awareness and Usage of Plastic Cards by Bank Customers in India

Awareness and Usage of Plastic Cards by Bank Customers in India

PLASTIC CARDS AS THE MAIN SECTOR OF CASHLESS PAYMENTS

The article discusses the impact of plastic cards on minimizing the risks of the organization. Non-cash payments - is an integral part of the management of financial and economic activities of the banking sector within the framework of a single strategy of economic development, which is a process of systematic use of the optimal legal methods and methods to establish the desired future financial condition of the object in terms of limited resources and the possibility of their alternative use. The process of using plastic cards should be considered in a number of ways. The organizational aspect assesses the degree of formalization and regulation of the use of cashless payments. It is clear that the higher the degree of regulation of procedures, the higher the predictability and manageability of the process of cashless payments. Coordination is the degree of coordination among the participants. It is the result of a high degree of regulation of the process or effective operational work of the Department of non-cash payments. The methodology reflects the compliance of plastic cards calculation methodology adopted by the company, its production characteristics and financial and economic structure. The value of the motivational aspect of non-cash payments is that it makes it possible to stimulate the results of the work of the head, or the entire Department of non-cash payments. Stimulation is made by means of inclusion in the budget of division of the bonus Fund which can be used for payment of awards to employees of division and its head. The need to calculate Bank cards is inherent in the legislation itself, which provides for certain regimes for different situations, allows different methods for calculating the tax base and offers various benefits if they act in the desired directions to the authorities. In addition, the process of calculating plastic cards is due to the interest of the state in providing a number of advantages in order to stimulate any sphere of production, category, regulation of socio-economic development.

A novel monodisperse SiO2@C-dot for the rapid and facile identification of latent fingermarks using self-quenching resistant solid-state fluorescence.

Solid powder fluorescence shows great potential for application in medicine, biology, and engineering, especially in the identification of latent fingermarks in forensic science. However, conventional developing methods suffer from some drawbacks, such as low contrast, low sensitivity, low selectivity, and high toxicity. To conquer these challenges, novel SiO2@C-dot microspheres were prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method by using citric acid as a carbon source and aminosilane as a nitrogen source. Interestingly, the results showed that the resultant powders possess good monodispersity, high fluorescence emission, and resistance to self-quenching. Additionally, the mechanism for the solid-state fluorescence of SiO2@C-dot compounds was also investigated. More importantly, the fingermarks on various surfaces, including transparent glasses, ceramic tiles, transparent plastics, aluminum alloys, plastic cards, painted woods, artificial leathers, and Chinese paper money, developed by the powders have indicated well-defined papillary ridges under a 365 nm UV lamp. The novel strategy of using monodisperse SiO2@C-dot microspheres as a fluorescent label for developing latent fingermarks showed greater advantages compared to conventional methods, which was also demonstrated using the automatic fingerprint identification system. It is simple, rapid, low-cost, nontoxic, and effective, and is expected to be a promising alternative for the development of latent fingerprints in forensic science.

Plastic Money and Electronic Banking Services Espousal vis-a-viz Financial Identity Theft Fraud Risk Awareness in a Developing Country

Exploitation of plastic money coupled with electronic banking services has come as expediency to financial establishment customers in Zimbabwe. This paper sought to analyze plastic money and electronic banking services espousal vis-a-viz financial identity theft fraud risk awareness in Zimbabwe banking sector via banks’ websites. The theoretical underpinning for this study is Routine Activity Theory. The study used qualitative content analysis research technique for examination of the text content data through the consistent taxonomy process of coding and classifying themes or patterns to submit a painstaking considerate of financial identity theft fraud awareness by the banking sector in Zimbabwe. A sample size of 14 banks (including commercial, merchant and building societies) was used and the banks were arbitrarily chosen on the basis of website accessibility and ease of use of the data. The study findings suggest that there is very little financial identity theft awareness in Zimbabwe by the banking sector through their websites to the general public whilst there is amplified adoption of plastic money and electronic banking adoption. This study proposes a need to amplify the information and inform plastic card and electronic banking customers of the types of financial identity theft fraud. Plastic card and electronic banking is an urgent area to focus on for banking institutions and should inexorably capitalize in it. Financial identity theft information should be easily retrievable and conveyed in a manner that makes reasonableness to the varied customers.

Plastic Money and Electronic Banking Services Espousal vis-a-viz Financial Identity Theft Fraud Risk Awareness in a Developing Country

Exploitation of plastic money coupled with electronic banking services has come as expediency to financial establishment customers in Zimbabwe. This paper sought to analyze plastic money and electronic banking services espousal vis-a-viz financial identity theft fraud risk awareness in Zimbabwe banking sector via banks’ websites. The theoretical underpinning for this study is Routine Activity Theory. The study used qualitative content analysis research technique for examination of the text content data through the consistent taxonomy process of coding and classifying themes or patterns to submit a painstaking considerate of financial identity theft fraud awareness by the banking sector in Zimbabwe. A sample size of 14 banks (including commercial, merchant and building societies) was used and the banks were arbitrarily chosen on the basis of website accessibility and ease of use of the data. The study findings suggest that there is very little financial identity theft awareness in Zimbabwe by the banking sector through their websites to the general public whilst there is amplified adoption of plastic money and electronic banking adoption. This study proposes a need to amplify the information and inform plastic card and electronic banking customers of the types of financial identity theft fraud. Plastic card and electronic banking is an urgent area to focus on for banking institutions and should inexorably capitalize in it. Financial identity theft information should be easily retrievable and conveyed in a manner that makes reasonableness to the varied customers.

Automated Bus Fare Collection System Utilizing Reloadable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Card

The automated Bus Fare Collection System is a combination of hardware and software technology and is used in fare collection. The reloadable RFID card used in the system is a small plastic card utilizing Radio Frequency Identification technology for storing information. The system addresses concern of violations and malpractices of conductors, and for the transparency and security of fare collections of the bus companies. This study aimed to develop an automated bus fare collection system for public transportation specifically for buses from Tagbilaran City to Ubay, and vice versa, route. It used a quantitative–qualitative paradigm for the research design. A survey was conducted to gather the required data. The collected data was then used for data interpretation. Discomfort, inconvenience, and inaccuracy were the three main issues and concerns of the commuters. By using RFID and GPS, the system collected, recorded, and monitored the fare collection with the help of the microcontroller Arduino Mega. It addressed the issues of the discomfort of manual collection of fares, inconvenience on the part of the conductors and passengers whenever there’s no change available, and the inaccuracy of fares; for those commuters of Bohol who did not receive the exact amount of change. Thus, this Automated Bus Fare Collection System is recommended.

Transaksi Tarik Tunai Melalui Merchant dalam Penggunaan Kartu Kredit

The change of the society in the sector of social and economy has encouragedthe need for application of plastic card system. The problems in this thesisare related with the legal relation between bank as card issuer and the card holder,rights and obligations of the bank and the customer as card holder, and protection tothe card holder from the perspective of Act Number 8 of 1999 concerning ConsumerProtection. Utilization of a credit card not only gives benefit, but also finally it maybring about problems and complaints from the customers. Thus, legal protection tothe customers in the utilization of the credit card. The legal issues of this thesis arehow the legal relation between customer, bank, and merchant are, and how the legalprotection is provided to the customer as the user of credit card for cash drawingtransaction through merchant and why the said transaction is prohibited by Bank ofIndonesia. The utilization of credit card arises different legal relation among bank,customer, and merchant. Customer as consumer of credit card is placed in a weakbargaining position. The method used in this is normative legal research by collectingdata through library research, using primary, secondary, and tertiary resources,namely by studying various reading resources such as books, literatures, statutoryregulations, and through electronic media (internet). This research recommendsthat the marketing of banking products and services should pay more attention in theobligation of the card holder and the bank, procedure and requirements in issuing acard must conducted selectively, and Bank of Indonesia as central bank should playmore role as supervisor to the banking products particularly credit cards.

Point-of-care coagulation monitoring: first clinical experience using a paper-based lateral flow diagnosticdevice.

Vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin are the most widely used class of oral anticoagulants. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, patients on warfarin require regular monitoring. Self-testing using point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices is available, but cost makes this monitoring method beyond reach for many. The main objective of this research was to assess the clinical utility of a low-cost, paper-based lateral flow POC diagnostic device developed for anticoagulation monitoring without the need for a separate electronic reader. Custom-fabricated lateral flow assay (LFA) test strips comprised of a glass fiber sample pad, a nitrocellulose analytical membrane, a cellulose wicking pad, and a plastic backing card were assembled in a plastic cassette. Healthy volunteers and patients on warfarin therapy were recruited for this prospective study. For each participant, a whole blood sample was collected via fingerstick to determine: (1) international normalized ratio (INR) using the CoaguChek® XS coagulometer, (2) hematocrit by centrifugation, and (3) red blood cell (RBC) travel distance on the experimental LFA device after 240s using digital image analysis. RBC travel distance measured on the LFA device using blood samples obtained from warfarin patients positively correlated with increasing INR value and the LFA device had the capability to statistically distinguish between healthy volunteer INR values and those for patients groups with INR≥2.6. From these data, it is predicted that this low-cost, paper-based LFA device can have clinical utility for identifying anticoagulated patients taking vitamin K antagonists who are outside of the desired therapeutic efficacy window.

PROTOTYPE KARTU PINTAR KAMAR TIDUR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR INFRARED DAN PHOTODIODA BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

Abstract - Smart cards, physically, are plastic cards the size of a credit card that can be filled with data for various purposes. A number of smart card uses include electronic cash payments, attendance systems, train and bus ticket subscription cards, toll road payments, and others. Smart Card Design for bedrooms using photodiode sensors and Arduino Uno based infrared sensors have succeeded well according to the procedure. The work system of the bedroom smart card series is very useful for efficient use of electricity in the household. The working system of photodiode sensors and infrared sensors is very both in a series that functions as a light sensor Keywords - Smart Card, Arduino Uno