A compact surface plasmon photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) polarization filter is proposed and analyzed at the two communication windows of 1310 and 1490 nm, respectively. The x-polarized mode can be filtered out at the wavelength of 1310 nm, while the y-polarized mode can be excluded at λ = 1490 nm. Therefore, the reported PCF design can be used as x-polarized or y-polarized filters using the same design. The effects of the geometrical parameters of the PCF on the performances of the polarization filter are studied by the full vectorial finite-element method. The numerical simulations reveal that the suggested polarization filter with a compact length of 150 μm can achieve good cross talk (CT) of −78 and −80.7 dB at the communication wavelengths of 1310 and 1490 nm, respectively. Further, bandwidths (BW) of 97 nm and 580 nm can be obtained around wavelengths of 1310 and 1490 nm, respectively, where the CT is better than −20 dB. Therefore, the reported design has advantages in terms of low cross talk, large BW, short device length, and multifunctionality.