In the present study, the relationship between milk somatic cell counts (SCC), nitrogen fractions, individual casein percentage distribution, plasmin-plasminogen activities and proteolysis, and the influence of lactation stage and lactation number in dromedary and cow milks were compared. Dromedary milk appeared to contain a lower amount of total and pH 4.6-soluble nitrogen than cow milk. The major protein components in milks were caseins, which accounted for ∼70% of total proteins for both species, β- and αs1-being the predominant caseins in both milk kinds. In dromedary milk, β-casein increased with lactation number but decreased as SCC increased. Total protein, αs2-casein and SCC decreased during lactation in dromedary milk. The dromedary is characterized by a relatively low content of κ-casein.Plasmin plus plasminogen activity is higher in cow milk compared to dromedary milk. The plasmin activity increased as SCC increased in cow milk but not in dromedary milk.