Plasma Malondialdehyde Research Articles

In vitro Effects of Propofol and Bupivacaine on Pregnant Women’s Plasma Cholinesterase Activity and Malondialdehyde Level

Background: Propofol and bupivacaine are commonly used anesthetics for cesarean section (CS), and they might modulate plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity and oxidative stress during the last stage of pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the in vitro effects of propofol and bupivacaine on plasma ChE activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in pregnant women before undergoing elective CS. Methods: The plasma samples of 20 women set for elective CS were pooled for the in vitro determination of the effects of propofol and bupivacaine separately on plasma ChE activity (10 minutes of incubation with different concentrations at 37ºC) and the MDA level after the in vitro exposure of plasma samples containing different anesthetic concentrations to H2O2 (100 µM, incubated for 1 hour at 37ºC). Results: Bupivacaine at 1.1 and 2.2 µM significantly inhibited plasma ChE in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner by 13% and 20%, respectively. Propofol at 25 and 50 µM did not affect plasma ChE. A unique finding in this study was that both propofol and bupivacaine revealed an antioxidant effect, as both propofol at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µM and bupivacaine at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 µM reduced the MDA level in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro after the incubation of plasma samples with H2O2 as a source of oxidant. Conclusions: The in vitro findings suggest that bupivacaine exerts anti-ChE activity that should be taken into consideration in CS anesthesia, and both propofol and bupivacaine possess antioxidant properties that need additional clinical studies.

Candesartan protects from cisplatin-induced kidney damage via the GDF-15 pathway.

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of candesartan against cisplatin-induced kidney damage, with a specific focus on the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) pathway. 24 adult female Wistar rats, with a weight range of 200-210 grams, were enrolled in the study. Eight rats were included as a normal control group and did not receive any medication. 16 rats were administered cisplatin at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/day twice a week for 4 weeks (total dose 20 mg/kg). Then, they were randomly divided into two groups and treated with 1 ml/kg/day tap water or 8 mg/kg/day candesartan via oral gavage daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed, and their kidneys were assessed histologically. In addition, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), creatinine, and GDF-15 levels were assessed. Treatment with candesartan resulted in a significant rise in serum GDF-15 levels and a significant reduction in levels of serum MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and creatinine compared to the cisplatin and saline group. Candesartan treatment effectively protected the kidney injury, and histopathological examinations of the kidneys confirmed these results. This study demonstrates that candesartan alleviates cisplatin-induced renal toxicity by further increasing GDF-15, downregulating inflammatory markers, and reducing oxidative stress.

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid Damage and Its Association With Plasma Malondialdehyde Levels Among Patients With Cervical Cancer: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose The objective of this research project was to estimate DNA damage in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer using the comet assay, establish a correlation between this quantification and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA; plasma MDA), and compare the resulting parameters between the cases and age-matched controls. Materials and methods This study included 49 cervical cancer cases and 49 age-matched controls to measure DNA damage parameters such as comet length, head diameter, percentage of DNA in the comet head, tail length, percentage of DNA in the comet tail, and oxidative stress marker (plasma MDA) using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Comet metrics suggesting DNA damage, such as comet length, tail length, and percentage of DNA in the comet tail, were considerably higher in cervical cancer cases than in age-matched controls. The proportion of DNA in the comet head, representing undamaged/mild DNA damage, was significantly higher in age-matched controls than in cervical cancer patients. Plasma MDA and comet tail length were shown to have a positive correlation. Compared to the age-matched controls, those between the ages of 30 and 39, with a parity of two to four, who had a history of early age at first pregnancy and a positive family history of cervical cancer, had the highest level of DNA damage. Conclusion The elevated levels of comet parameters and their positive correlation with plasma MDA suggest that individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer have a higher degree of DNA damage compared to the control group. In conjunction with established methods like the PAP smear, this predictive test comprising comet assay and estimation of plasma MDA may be utilized to identify and assess the risk of cervical cancer in individuals aged 30-39 years, with a parity between two and four pregnancies and a prior history of early age at first pregnancy, accompanied by a positive family history of the disease.

The role of serum bilirubin in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease in children and assessment of its activity

Introduction. The article is devoted to the identification of a marker of imbalance of oxidative stress and the antioxidant system in children with Crohn’s disease. The putative level of total bilirubin as an integrative method for assessing Crohn’s disease activity is highly correlated with indicators of oxidative stress and the antioxidant system (ischemia, modifying albumin, malondialdehyde, catalase, sulfhydryl groups and glutathione). Purpose: to explain the relationship between the level of total bilirubin and the activity of the inflammatory process in Crohn’s disease, which allows the introduction of the studied integrative indicator in clinical practice. Materials and methods. Based on the results of scientific studies of biomarkers of oxidative stress (albumin-modifying ischemia - plasma IMA, malondialdehyde - plasma MDA) and the antioxidant system (plasma SH-groups, catalase and reduced erythrocyte glutathione), as well as a simultaneous study of the level of total bilirubin in children diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. To search for a differential method for assessing the level of Crohn’s disease activity by the degree of bilirubin, use binary logistic regression. Results and survey. The results of the study showed a clear relationship between the increase in bilirubin levels and the severity of oxidative stress. It has been established that with a decrease in the level of total bilirubin, there is a predominance of oxidative stress over the antioxidant system, which leads to an increase in inflammation activity. It has been proven that the level of total bilirubin can be used in the complex activity of diseases as a minimally invasive, as well as an objective and acute marker. The sensitivity and specific sensitivity of this protocol is 90.9% and 93.3% respectively, which allows the use of total bilirubin as a marker of inflammation in Crohn’s disease.

Reduced SIRT1 and SIRT3 and Lower Antioxidant Capacity of Seminal Plasma Is Associated with Shorter Sperm Telomere Length in Oligospermic Men.

Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide and has a profound impact not only on their families, but also on communities. Telomere attrition has been associated with infertility, DNA damage and fragmentation. Oxidative stress has been shown to affect sperm DNA integrity and telomere length. Sirtuins such as SIRT1 and SIRT3 are involved in aging and oxidative stress response. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in regulating oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and their association with oligospermia. Therefore, we assessed the protein levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity (CAT) in the seminal plasma of 272 patients with oligospermia and 251 fertile men. We also measured sperm telomere length (STL) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) using a standard real-time quantitative PCR assay. Sperm chromatin and protamine deficiency were also measured as per standard methods. Our results for oligospermic patients demonstrate significant reductions in semen parameters, shorter STL and LTL, lower levels of SOD, TAC, CAT, SIRT1 and SIRT3 levels, and also significant protamine deficiency and higher levels of MDA and DNA fragmentation. We conclude that a shorter TL in sperms and leukocytes is associated with increased oxidative stress that also accounts for high levels of DNA fragmentation in sperms. Our results support the hypothesis that various sperm parameters in the state of oligospermia are associated with or caused by reduced levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 proteins.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is regulated by hyperoxia in premature infants

Objective To investigate whether aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in hyperoxia-mediated oxidative stress by observing the relationship between AhR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after oxygen exposure in premature infants. Methods After 48 h of oxygen inhalation at different concentrations, discarded peripheral blood was collected to separate PBMCs and plasma. ROS were labeled with MitoSOXTM Red and detected by fluorescence microscopy in PBMCs. The level of MDA in plasma was detected by thiobarbituric acid colorimetry, the level of MCP-1 in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the localization of AhR was detected by immunofluorescence, and the level of AhR expression in PBMCs was detected by Western blotting. Results As the volume fraction of inspired oxygen increased, compared with those in the air control group, the levels of ROS, MDA in plasma, and MCP-1 in plasma increased gradually in the low concentration oxygen group, medium concentration oxygen group and high concentration oxygen group. The cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR gradually increased, and the expression level of AhR gradually decreased. The levels of ROS in PBMCs, MDA in the plasma and MCP-1 in the plasma of premature infants were positively correlated with the cytoplasm-nuclear translocation rate of AhR but negatively correlated with the level of AhR expression. Conclusion Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is regulated by hyperoxia in premature infants.

Protective Effect of Curcuminoids Consumption on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury in Albino Rats

This study evaluated the protective effects of curcuminoids against cadmium-induced testicular injury in Albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into nine groups, group 1 (control), groups 2-4 received 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg, and 360 mg/kg curcuminoids daily for 28 days without testicular injury. Group 5 received 20 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solution every other day for 28 days (positive control), while group 6 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 + 240 mg/kg curcuminoids every other day for 28 days. Group 7 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg/kg for 14 days. Group 8 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg curcuminoids for 28 days. Group 9 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days and left to recover 28 days. Serum and seminal plasma malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were assayed using Spectrophotometry technique. Semen analysis was determined microscopically. Sperm motility and count were significantly reduced, acrosome defect and percent abnormal sperm morphology were increased among the positive control group when compared with negative control group (p<0.05). Serum GPX, GSH, and SOD, semen GPx , GSH and SOD were significantly reduced (p<0.001), while MDA was significantly increased (p<0.001) in CdCl2 administered rats than negative control. The supplementation of Curcumins resulted in the improvement of sperm quality indices in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin supplementation may significantly reverse the adverse effects of cadmium chloride testicular injury.

Malondialdehyde and TNF-α lowering effects of purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) in diabetic rats

BackgroundMalondialdehyde (MDA) is one of a dominat marker in oxidative stress condition, and when inflammation occurred tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) played a significant influence in the propagation this process. Purified gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) contained 90% catechin which is proven to have antioxidant activity and may prevent unwanted inflammatory responses during diabetic state. Objective: The objective of this research was to assess how purified gambier affected plasma MDA and TNF- α levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Material and methods: In this study, 35 rats were used. Alloxan 120 mg/kg BW intraperitoneal injection was administered to induce diabetes conditions in rats. All animals were divided into 5 groups, diabetic control group treated with vehicle, positive control group treated with glibenclamide dose 0.45 mg/kg BW), and treatment groups treated with purified gambier dose of 2.5; 5 and 10 mg/kg BW. All animals were treated respectively for 14 days. Plasma MDA and TNF- α levels were measured on day 3, and 14. Results: Two-way ANOVA was applied to analyze all of the data, these findings suggested that purified gambier has antioxidant-related anti-inflammation actions. possesses blood sugar-lowering activity (p<0.05). The plasma MDA and TNF- α level of treatment group were significantly reduced (p<0.05) compared to diabetes control group. Conclusion: These results depicted that at doses of 2.5–10 mg/kg BW, purified gambier has antioxidant-associated anti-inflammation effects when given for 14 days on diabetic rat model by reducing plasma levels MDA and TNF-α.

Acute phase reactions in Daboia siamensis venom and fraction-induced acute kidney injury: the role of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in in vivo rabbit and ex vivo rabbit kidney models.

This study examines the direct nephrotoxic effects of Daboia siamensis venom (RVV) and venom fractions in in vivo and isolated perfused kidneys (IPK) to understand the role of inflammation pathways and susceptibility to oxidative stress in venom or fraction-induced acute renal failure. We administered RVV and its venom fractions (PLA2, MP, LAAO, and PDE) to rabbits in vivo and in the IPK model. We measured oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA) in kidney tissue, as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), MDA and GSH levels in plasma and urine. We also calculated fractional excretion (FE) for pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers, including the ratios of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines in urine after envenomation. In both kidney models, significant increases in MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels were observed in kidney tissues, along with elevated concentrations of MDA and GSH in plasma and urine after injecting RVV and venom fractions. Moreover, RVV injections led to progressive increases in FEMDA and decreases in FEGSH. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in plasma increased in vivo, as well as in the urine of the IPK model, but not for IL-1β in both plasma and urine after RVV administrations. Urinary fractional excretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 tended to decrease in vivo but showed elevated levels in the IPK model. A single RVV injection in vivo disrupted the balance of urinary cytokines, significantly reducing either the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio or the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio. RVV induces renal tubular toxicity by increasing oxidative stress production and elevating inflammatory cytokines in urine. During the acute phase of acute kidney injury, the balance of urine cytokines shifts toward anti-inflammatory dominance within the first two hours post-RVV and venom fractions.

Effects of Dietary Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Costmary, Tanacetum balsamita, Essential Oil on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Biochemical Parameters, and Disease Resistance in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The present study assessed the effects of dietary yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and costmary, Tanacetum balsamita, essential oil on growth performance, biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Four diets containing 1 g/kg yeast (Sc), 0.1 g/kg costmary essential oil (Tb), 1 g/kg yeast + 0.1 g/kg costmary essential oil (Sc + Tb), and without Sc and Tb (control) were formulated and fed (2.5% per day) to triplicate groups of fish (average: 9.8 g; SD : 0.12) for 8 weeks. Each replicate was a 70‐L tank, stocked with 25 fish. Then, the fish were intraperitoneally challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila, and blood samples were taken from the fish before and 12 hr postinfection. All experimental groups showed significantly higher growth performance and feed efficiency, compared to the control, and the highest values were related to Sc + Tb treatment (P &lt; 0.001). Sc group showed significant elevations in the intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities, but Tb group showed only elevation in lipase activity. The highest amylase (P = 0.026), lipase (P = 0.036), and protease (P = 0.009) activities were observed in Sc + Tb treatment. The postchallenge survival of Sc (70.0%), Tb (73.3%), and Sc + Tb (76.6%) treatments were significantly (P = 0.038) higher than the control (56.6%). Bacterial challenge significantly increased plasma cortisol, glucose, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, but decreased lysozyme, alternative complement, albumin, globulin, and catalase (P &lt; 0.001). The Tb treatment showed improvements in plasma antioxidant, immunological, and biochemical parameters, compared to the Sc treatment. The Sc + Tb treatment showed the highest albumin, globulin, lysozyme, total immunoglobulin, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, but the lowest cortisol, glucose, malondialdehyde, and catalase, before/after the challenge (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, dietary Sc + Tb supplementation positively affects growth performance, antioxidant, and immunological responses, thereby augments resistance of Nile tilapia to A. hydrophila infection.

Study of age-related changes in plasma metabolites and enzyme activity of healthy small dogs that underwent medical checkups.

In Japan, the importance of medical checkups for pet dogs is increasing. In this study, we retrospectively explored the effects of age on plasma biomarkers in healthy small dogs that underwent medical checkups. Based on the modified American Animal Hospital Association Canine Life Stage Guidelines, 52 healthy small dogs were divided into 3 groups according to their life stage: young adult (1-4 years old), mature adult (5-11 years old), senior (12-15 years old). None of the dogs were obese. Plasma was collected from animals that underwent medical checkups at Muromi Animal Hospital (Fukuoka, Japan). Plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total cholesterol, and albumin concentrations; alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; c-reactive protein (CRP), non-esterified fatty acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum amyloid A (SAA), insulin, and adiponectin (ADN) concentrations; glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities; and M/L ratio (MDH/LDH) were examined. Changes in the abovementioned plasma biomarker levels were compared between canines in different life stages. Plasma ADN concentrations and GPx, SOD, and MDH activities significantly decreased with age, whereas plasma ALP, BUN, TG, and MDA concentrations gradually increased. Plasma SAA levels measured by the latex agglutination method in 51 of the 52 small dogs that underwent medical checkups were below the detection limit. Plasma ADN concentrations, GPx, SOD activity, and BUN levels may be important biomarkers for clarifying the effect of age in healthy dogs that undergo medical checkups. However, plasma SAA values obtained by the latex agglutination method were not considered an age-related inflammation marker for healthy dogs.

Thymol, a bioactive component of ocimum gratissimum linn. leaf ameliorated diabetes-induced exocrine pancreas insufficiency in male wistar rats

Background and aims: Exocrine pancreas insufficiency characterized by decreased pancreatic enzyme activity is one of the conditions associated with prolonged diabetes mellitus. Anti-diabetic activity of Ocimum gratissimum linn. leaf in experimental animals is well documented and using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis, thymol has been identified as one of its bioactive components. This study investigated the effect of thymol on pancreatic alpha amylase activities and oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats grouped into four as Control, THY, DIA, and DIA+THY were used. Animals in DIA and DIA+THY were diabetic orally administered distilled water and thymol (20 mg/kg), respectively, while control and THY were normal rats treated similarly for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), liver function, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in the blood while the pancreas was obtained for amylase activities. Results: Thymol treatment in the DIA+THY decreased FBG (119.75 ± 20.10 mg/dl), cholesterol (129.22 ± 8.34 mg/dl), triglycerides (116.41 ± 8.34 mg/dl), and low-density lipoprotein (101.89 ± 8.28 mg/dl) when compared with the DIA (209.25 ± 46.88 mg/dl, 156.31 ± 16.21 mg/dl, 143.13 ± 14.81 mg/dl, and 131.23 ± 13.38 mg/dl, respectively). Increased alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase observed in DIA were reversed in the Dia+THY. Pancreatic amylase activity was reduced in DIA (3.01 ± 0.50 Activity/mg.protein) compared with control (6.4 ± 0.42 Activity/mg.protein) and this was increased in DIA+THY (6.73 ± 0.39 Activity/mg.protein) relative to DIA. Increased plasma malondialdehyde and decreased catalase activity were observed in the DIA group and these were reversed in the DIA+THY group Conclusions: Thymol has hypoglycemic properties and stimulates pancreatic alpha-amylase activity through a mechanism that may be linked to its antioxidant properties.

Assessment of plasma malondialdehyde levels among free-diver fishermen in southeast Maluku district: exploring influencing factors on oxidative stress.

Indonesia, with its expansive territorial waters, hosts numerous fishing communities residing on various islands. Many of these communities rely on diving activities, predominantly free diving without standardized safety equipment. This practice poses risks, including the potential for hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, which plays a role in disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in freediving fishermen and explore potential influencing factors. The research involved 30 freediving fishermen, aged 20-60, who engaged in diving at least twice weekly over the last 3 months. Blood plasma MDA levels were assessed using the Will method. Results revealed a median age of 40.5 years (range: 20-59), a body mass index of 23.1 ± 2.8, and a mean blood pressure of 132/85 mmHg. A significant portion of the subjects exhibited smoking habits (90%) and alcohol consumption (76.7%). The median MDA level among subjects was measured at 0.42 nmol/mL (range: 0.34-0.70). However, no discernible relationship was found between smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and MDA level categories, as determined by the Fisher exact test (p > 0.05). While these findings shed light on the MDA levels in freediving fishermen, further research is warranted to explore additional factors that may influence these levels. This comprehensive understanding is crucial for addressing the health risks associated with free diving practices in this unique population.

The Importance of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress in Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Cardiac Devices.

Atrial High Rate Episodes (AHRE) are subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias detectable by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). AHREs have been associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), thromboembolism, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and mortality. Although recent studies have assessed the value of oxidative stress markers in patients with AF, the relationships between AHRE and oxidative stress markers, including nitric oxide, has not yet been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between these markers and AHRE. This prospective, cross-sectional study comprised 180 patients with CIEDs. The study population was divided into two groups based on the presence (n = 78) and absense (n = 102) of AHRE to analyze its association with biomarkers. The AHRE (+) group was significantly older, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, higher NT-proBNP (508.8 ± 249 pg/mL vs. 415.3 ± 292.1; P = 0.037), MDA levels (20.9 ± 4.1 μmol/L vs. 19.1 ± 3.1 μmol/L; P = 0.006), and iNOS activity (1,935.9 ± 326.1 pg/mL vs. 1,677.4 ± 363.2 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified age, hypertension, MDA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.131, 95%CI: 1.009 - 1.268, P = 0.035), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001 - 1.003, P < 0.001), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity (OR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.986 - 0.984, P < 0.001) as independent predictors of AHRE. The study findings indicated that plasma levels of NT-proBNP, MDA, nitric oxide, and the expression of iNOS and eNOS were significantly associated with AHRE. Moreover, elevated plasma MDA concentrations, increased iNOS activity, and decreased eNOS activity were identified as independent predictors of AHRE.

Protective Effect of Prosopis Farcta Fruit Aqueous Extract Against Oxidative Stress Caused By Ethanol in Albino Rats

Prosopis farcta was previously used in folk medicine as a dry fruit to relieve pain before its active biological components that contribute to this were known. This study assessed the effectiveness of a dry fruit extract of P. farcta by measuring the indicators of inflammation in albino rats after they were dosed with ethanol. As such, looking at the antioxidant potential of P. farcta fruit aqueous extract (PFFAE) in resistance to ethanol's harm in rats given ethanol showed a notable increase in serum C reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), CRP/ALB ratio (CAR), and WBC count. At the same time, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and albumin were markedly reduced. PFFAE diminished ethanol-induced amounts of CRP, MDA, and CAR in plasma; additionally, it strengthened the ethanol-induced decline in GPx activity, and albumin had no apparent effect on the ESR level. Consequently, the current findings demonstrate that PFFAE counteracts the toxicity of ethanol and has a protective impact against the ethanol effect.

Optimization of extraction process of Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba by comparing BBD-RSM and SA-BPNN and antioxidant activity

The Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) and Back-propagation neural network prediction model optimized by Simulated annealing (SA-BPNN) were used to optimize the extraction process of Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba by the green natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), and the antioxidant activity of them was discussed. The best NADES for extracting Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba need to be screened out. The comprehensive evaluation value of the extraction yield was used as the index. The BBD-RSM and SA-BPNN were established for prediction and optimization. The antioxidant activity of Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba in vitro and in vivo was studied by detecting 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the expression levels of SOD, MDA and GSH-Px in rat plasma. The results showed that the best NADES formula screened was Betaine-Urea (Bet-Ur). Compared with the BBD-RSM, the SA-BPNN had a higher degree of fitting, the comprehensive evaluation value was higher, and the error between tested and predicted value was smaller, which was more suitable as a prediction model for the extraction yield of Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba. Through the determination of antioxidant kits and oxidative factors, the results showed that Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba had antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. The study on the extraction process optimization and antioxidant activity of Astragali radix-Paeoniae radix alba were expected to provide a theoretical basis for its effective utilization.

Dietary supplementation of saffron petal elicits positive effects on performance, antioxidant status, and health of dairy goats

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of saffron petal (SP) on lactation performance, nutrients digestibility, and antioxidant status of dairy goats. Eighteen multiparous Saanen goats were randomly divided into three groups and fed with one of experimental diets containing 0 (control), 1.5, and 3% of SP (DM basis). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. The individual blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42 and antioxidant capacity was measured in blood. The milk samples were collected on weeks 1, 3 and 6 of the trial and analyzed for antioxidant status. DMI, body weight (BW) and nutrients digestibility were similar following SP ingestion. Compared with control, supplementation with 3% SP increased milk production (P ≤ 0.05). Of all milk components, only the protein content was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in goats receiving 3% SP diet. Plasma glucose and cholesterol decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in goats fed 3% SP. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was depressed and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was enhanced in both plasma and milk of goats fed 3% SP. Likewise, the activity of glutathione peroxides (GPx) was enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) with 3% SP supplementation, however, no differences were observed for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood. Overall, the findings implied that SP supplementation (up to 3% DM of diet) for lactating goats increased milk yield and improved the antioxidant status of blood and milk without deleterious effects on DMI and nutrients digestibility.

Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short-term heat stress and recovery conditions

BackgroundThis study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses, oxidative stress reduction, and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves (123.81 ± 9.76 kg; 5 months old) during short-term heat stress (HS) and recovery periods. Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: no mineral supplementation (Con), inorganic minerals (IM), organic minerals (OM), and high-concentration organic minerals (HOM) and two thermal environments (HS and recovery) using 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d. Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn. The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS, 14 d of recovery condititon, and a 7-d washing period.ResultsBody temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions (P < 0.05). Selenium concentration in serum was high in the HOM-supplemented calves in both HS (90.38 μg/dL) and recovery periods (102.00 μg/dL) (P < 0.05). During the HS period, the serum cortisol was 20.26 ng/mL in the HOM group, which was 5.60 ng/mL lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant status was the highest in the OM group (2.71 mmol Trolox equivalent/L), followed by the HOM group during HS, whereas it was highest in the HOM group (2.58 mmol Trolox equivalent/L) during the recovery period (P < 0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde and HSP70 levels were decreased by HOM supplementation during the HS and recovery periods, whereas SOD and GPX levels were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation; however, temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated (PERMANOVA: P < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased, whereas Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, and Tenericutes increased (P < 0.05), under HS conditions. The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions, while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions (P < 0.05).ConclusionHOM supplementation during HS reduced cortisol concentrations and increased total antioxidant status in Holstein bull calves, suggesting that high organic mineral supplementation may alleviate the adverse effects of HS.

A Single Dose of Microencapsulated Cocoa Supplementation Does Not Speed up Muscle Force Recovery after Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

Exercise-induced muscle damage is associated with symptoms such as inflammation, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and impaired muscle performance. The intake of cocoa polyphenols has been suggested to improve muscle recovery due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. However, their bioavailability presents a challenge. Therefore, food microencapsulation may be an alternative to protect polyphenols, ensuring their biological effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single dose of microencapsulated cocoa on the changes in muscle damage markers after eccentric exercise. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, fourteen healthy volunteers with previous resistance training experience performed 6 × 10 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of their elbow flexors using an isokinetic dynamometer after ingesting 25 g of microencapsulated cocoa or placebo. Peak isometric torque was measured using maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and pain was measured using a visual analogic scale both before and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the damage protocol. Plasma glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, and concentrations of myoglobin and C-reactive protein were determined using a fluorescence immunoassay analyzer. Significant decreases were seen in the peak isometric torque and pain measures from pre- to 72 h post-eccentric exercise. A significant main effect for time was found only for plasma myoglobin at 2 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and for C-reactive protein at 2 h, compared to the pre-eccentric exercise values. No significant time-treatment effects were observed (all p &gt; 0.05). This study demonstrated that microencapsulated cocoa cannot improve muscle recovery after eccentric exercise, at least when a single dose is consumed.

Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO2 Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia.

Previously, it was shown that both blood flow and angiogenesis in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats were increased upon CO2 treatment for 4 weeks. In the present study, we have compared the effects of 6 weeks CO2 therapy in diabetic rats with or without peripheral ischemia. Diabetes was induced in rats by a tail vein injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight), whereas peripheral ischemia was produced by occluding the femoral artery at 2 weeks of inducing diabetes. Both diabetic and diabetic-ischemic animals were treated with or without CO2 water-bath at 37 °C for 6 weeks (30 min/day; 5 days/week) starting at 2 weeks, after the induction of ischemia. CO2 treatment did not affect heart rate and R-R interval as well as plasma levels of creatine kinase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins. Unlike the levels of plasma Ox-LDL, MDA and TNF-α, the levels of NO in diabetic group were increased by CO2 water-bath treatment. On the other hand, the levels of plasma Ox-LDL and MDA were decreased whereas that of NO was increased without any changes in TNF-α level in diabetic-ischemic animals upon CO2 therapy. Treatment of diabetic animals with CO2 increased peak, mean and minimal blood flow by 20, 49 and 43% whereas these values were increased by 53, 26 and 80% in the diabetic-ischemic group by CO2 therapy, respectively. Blood vessel count in diabetic and diabetic-ischemic skeletal muscles was increased by 73 and 136% by CO2 therapy, respectively. These data indicate that peripheral ischemia augmented the increase in blood flow and development of angiogenesis in diabetic skeletal muscle upon CO2 therapy. It is suggested that greater beneficial effects of CO2 therapy in diabetic-ischemic animals in comparison to diabetic group may be a consequence of difference of changes in the redox-sensitive signal transduction mechanisms.