Measurement Of Plasma Malondialdehyde Research Articles

Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in Aged LCAT-Deficient Hamsters With Enhanced Oxidative Stress-Brief Report.

LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency results in severe low HDL (high-density lipoprotein). Although whether LCAT is pro- or antiatherosclerosis was in debate in mouse studies, our previous study clearly shows that LCAT deficiency (LCAT-/-) in hamster accelerates atherosclerotic development on high-fat diet. However, unlike in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, whether LCAT deficiency could lead to spontaneous atherosclerosis has not been studied yet in animal models. We, therefore, sought to investigate the atherosclerosis in LCAT-/- hamsters on standard laboratory diet and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Approach and Results: Young (<8 months) and aged (>16 months) male and female wild-type and LCAT-/- hamsters on standard laboratory diet were used. Compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type hamsters, LCAT-/- hamsters showed a complete loss of plasma HDL and an increase in triglyceride by 2- to 8-fold at different stages of age. In aged LCAT-/- hamsters, the lesion areas at the aortic roots were ≈40×104 μm3 in males and 18×104 μm3 in females, respectively, which were consistent with the en face plaques observed in male (1.2%) and (1.5%) female groups, respectively. The results of plasma malondialdehyde measurement showed that malondialdehyde concentrations were markedly elevated to 54.4 μmol/L in males and 30 μmol/L in females, which are significantly associated with the atherosclerotic lesions. Our study demonstrates the development of spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions in aged male and female LCAT-/- hamsters with higher plasma oxidative lipid levels independent of plasma total cholesterol levels, further confirming the antiatherosclerotic role of LCAT.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES OF ANTIHYPERURICEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM BULBS OF BAWANG TIWAI (ELEUTHERINE PALMIFOLIA (L.) MERR.) FROM INDONESIA

Objectives: This study would like to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and in vitro xanthine oxidase activity of the bulbs. This study performs in vivo assays to study the antihyperuricemic activity and antioxidant in the hyperuricemic rat through plasma malondialdehyde measurement. Method: The study was conducted by testing the fresh bulbs of bawang tiwai (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. with chemical solvent of ethanol 70% to extract the bulbs. Allopurinol and Vitamin C were used as positive control for the antihyperuricemic assay and antioxidant assay, respectively. Other chemical substances were also used in this study. This study used chicken extract (Brands) 20 ml/kg/body weight to induce the level of uric acid in the blood serum, and potassium oxonate (Sigma 156124) to inhibit the uricase in rats. Results: The results show that the levels of uric acid were measured using spectrophotometer with dichloro-hydroxybenzen sulfonate (Biolabo) a as reagent. The ethanol extract of bawang tiwai (EBT) (E. palmifolia (L.) Merr) was potential to reduce uric acid level at 140, 280, and 560 mg/kg body weight, but possibly without inhibition against xanthine oxydase activity. Conclusion: All doses of EBT could inhibit lipid peroxidation in hyperuricemic condition caused by high purine diet in 14 days.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES OF ANTIHYPERURICEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM BULBS OF BAWANG TIWAI (ELEUTHERINE PALMIFOLIA (L.) MERR.) FROM INDONESIA

Objectives: This study would like to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and in vitro xanthine oxidase activity of the bulbs. This study performs in vivo assays to study the antihyperuricemic activity and antioxidant in the hyperuricemic rat through plasma malondialdehyde measurement. Method: The study was conducted by testing the fresh bulbs of bawang tiwai (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. with chemical solvent of ethanol 70% to extract the bulbs. Allopurinol and Vitamin C were used as positive control for the antihyperuricemic assay and antioxidant assay, respectively. Other chemical substances were also used in this study. This study used chicken extract (Brands) 20 ml/kg/body weight to induce the level of uric acid in the blood serum, and potassium oxonate (Sigma 156124) to inhibit the uricase in rats. Results: The results show that the levels of uric acid were measured using spectrophotometer with dichloro-hydroxybenzen sulfonate (Biolabo) a as reagent. The ethanol extract of bawang tiwai (EBT) (E. palmifolia (L.) Merr) was potential to reduce uric acid level at 140, 280, and 560 mg/kg body weight, but possibly without inhibition against xanthine oxydase activity. Conclusion: All doses of EBT could inhibit lipid peroxidation in hyperuricemic condition caused by high purine diet in 14 days.

Malondialdehyde levels are higher and glutathione levels are lower in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancies

BackgroundMaternal mortality rate is still a health problem in Indonesia. One major contributor to maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is preeclampsia. One widely accepted theory is that preeclampsia is caused by oxidative stress. Placental hypoxia or ischemia among preeclampsia patients is thought to be the cause of the formation of free radicals such as malondialdehyde (MDA), which decreases endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH). This study aims to ascertain the difference in plasma malondialdehyde and glutathione levels between healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women.MethodsThis was an observational analytic study of cross sectional design. Research subjects were 30 normal (healthy) pregnant women (NP), and 30 pre-eclamptic pregnant (PE) women. The measurement of plasma MDA and GSH levels was done at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University using Sigma-Aldrich MDA and GSH assay kits. Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the data. ResultsSubjects aged &gt;35 years, with age of gestation &gt;35 weeks and multipara was significantly higher in the PE group compared to the NP group (p=0.016; p=0.01 and p=0.36; respectively). MDA level was significantly higher in the PE group than in the NP group (p=0.002). In contrast, GSH level was significantly lower in the PE group than in the NP group (p=0.003).ConclusionMDA and GSH may reflect vascular complications of PE, and the ensuing increases in lipid peroxidation may play important pathogenic roles.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BUAS-BUAS (Premna cordifolia. LINN) TERHADAP KADAR MDA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN PASCA PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

Free radical from cigarrete smoke can cause lipid peroxidation that could lead to tissue damage. Tissue damage can be identified by increased levels of MDA (Malondialdehyde). Leavesof buas-buas (Premna cordifolia. Linn ) has an antioxidant activity in invitro study. This study aimed to analyze the effect of P. cordifolia leaves extract on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) after exposure to cigarette smoke. The simplicia extracted by maseration using 70% ethanol. Twenty four wistar strain of Rattus novergicus were divided into six groups , i.e. : normal group without any treatment, positive control group with cigarette smoke exposure and vitamin e treatment, negative control groupwith only cigarette smoke exposure, treatment groupwith cigarette smoke exposure and ethanolic extract from P. cordifolialeaves with doses 200; 400; 600 mg/kg of body weight/day. All rats were treated for 14 days using 3 cigarette non filetered each day. After 14 days, plasma MDA was measured in this research. Measurement of plasma MDA are using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis in 532.2 nm. MDA level in this study was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that plasma MDA level of groupreceived ethanol extract of P. cordifolia leaves doses at 600 mg/kg of body weight/day significantly (p<0.05)lower than negative control group and not significantly differ (p<0.05) to normal group and positive control group.

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM AGAINST BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN RATS

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic interstitial lung disease caused by parenchymal lung damage due to inflammatory factors and fibrosis. Hypericum perforatum contains various flavonoids with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. METHODS: This empirical study was conducted on 30 Wistar rats weighing 150-180 grams. Animals were randomly divided into five groups of six. Group one received a single dose of normal saline intraperitoneally, and group two was administered with bleomycin (7.5 units per kg) intratracheally. Other groups received daily doses of Hypericum extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection one week before and two weeks after bleomycin administration. After 21 days, animals were sacrificed, and blood and lungs were collected for histopathological examinations, and measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and lung hydroxyproline (HP). FINDINGS: In this study, lung index, HP and plasma MDA in normal saline group were respectively 7.09±0.32 mg per kilogram of body weight, 1.80±0.23 mg per gram of lung tissue, and 1.32±0.27 micromoles per liter of plasma. In rats administered with bleomycin, these values were 9.75±0.90, 5.43±0.7 and 3.04±0.42, respectively. Treatment with Hypericum extract, especially at dosage of 200 mg/kg, resulted in a significant reduction in the aforementioned parameters compared to bleomycin group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum could exert protective effects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Field‐amplified online sample stacking capillary electrophoresis UV detection for plasma malondialdehyde measurement

Malondialdehyde (MDA) determination is the most widely used method for monitoring lipid peroxidation. Here, we describe an easy field-amplified sample injection (FASI) CE method with UV detection for the detection of free plasma MDA. MDA was detected within 8 min by using 200 mmol/L Tris phosphate pH 5.0 as running buffer. Plasma samples treated with ACN for protein elimination were directly injected on capillary without complex cleanup and/or sample derivatization procedures. Using electrokinetic injection, the detection limit in real sample was 3 nmol/L, thus improving of about 100-fold the LOD of the previous described methods based on CE. Precision tests indicate a good repeatability of our method both for migration times (CV = 1.11%) and for areas (CV = 2.05%). Moreover, a good reproducibility of intra- and inter-assay tests was obtained (CV = 2.55% and CV = 5.14%, respectively). Suitability of the method was tested by measuring MDA levels in 44 healthy volunteers.

CAFFEINE DOES NOT MODULATE NUTRITIVE BLOOD FLOW TO RAT GASTRIC SUBMUCOSA - A MICRODIALYSIS STUDY

Coffee irritates the gastric mucosa disrupting its barrier and increasing the risk of peptic ulcers. However, caffeine's contribution to these effects has not yet been elucidated. In this study we looked at the local effect of caffeine on the microcirculation and nitric oxide production in rats together with systemic marker of oxidative stress malondialdehyde as possible mechanisms whereby caffeine might participate in mucosal barrier impairment. Four groups of rats were anesthetized and administered as a bolus four different intraperitoneal doses of caffeine (0, 1, 10 and 50 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). The gastric submucosal microcirculation and nitric oxide production were then recorded for 2.5 hours by in situ microdialysis using the flow marker ethanol. At the completion of the experiments, plasma caffeine and malondialdehyde levels as well as morphological mucosal injury were determined. There were no major differences in the macro- or microscopic pictures of the mucosa among the groups. Local microcirculatory (ethanol out/in ratio) and nitric oxide monitoring failed to demonstrate statistically significant changes as did measurement of plasma malondialdehyde in response to caffeine injections. Caffeine per se seems unlikely to contribute to the gastric mucosal barrier injury associated with coffee consumption by alterations in nutritive blood flow, nitric oxide production or aggravation of systemic oxidative stress. This information is relevant for better understanding of the mechanisms involved in caffeine-mediated influences on gastric physiology in relation to the irritant effects of coffee.

Vitamin C Supplementation Reduces Peroxidative Damage without Improving Lung Function in Childhood Asthma

Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the lung function tests and peroxidative damage in asthmatic children. Methodology: Fifteen asthmatics aged between 8 - 14 years, all in the stable state were used in this study. Three millilitres of blood were drawn from the antecubital vein of each subject before vitamin C supplementation, for the measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). Lung function tests were performed. Thereafter, each subject was given a vitamin C supplementation at a dose of 100mg three times daily for six weeks. After which, all previous measurements were repeated on each patient. Results: Both SBP and DBP after vitamin C supplementation reduced significantly by 9.53% from 105.0± 3.5mmHg to 95.0 ±3.5 mmHg (P Keywords : Lung Function Tests, Lipid Peroxidation, Vitamin C Blood Pressure Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 6 (2) 2007: pp. 16-20

Markers of oxidative damage, antioxidant status and clinical outcome in critically ill patients

Oxidative stress is a consequence of critical illness, and may have an impact on survival. We studied markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant (AO) protection and compared them with clinical scores and outcome. Blood sampling and clinical scoring was carried out on 60 consecutively admitted intensive therapy unit (ITU) patients within 24 h of admission and then every three days of ITU stay. The patients included 30 surgical and 30 medical patients, of whom 46 survived their stay in ITU. Clinical scoring was by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) score and sepsis rating. Oxidative damage was assessed by measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2 isoprostanes (F2 IsoPs). AO protection was assessed by measurement of plasma total AO status, AO gap, ascorbic acid and the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Both clinical markers, APACHE II and MOD, and oxidative damage markers MDA and F2 IsoPs were significantly higher in non-survivors (NS) than in survivors (S) at the time of admission. Median (interquartile ranges) were (APACHE II), 14[12--17] (S), 20.5[16.7--22.2] (NS),P<0.0001; (MOD), 3.0[2.0--5.0] (S), 8.0[4.7--9.2] (NS), P<0.0005; (MDA, mumol/L), 0.22[0.19--0.27] (S), 0.25[0.20--0.34] (NS), P=0.04 and (F2 IsoPs, pg/mL), 9.7[6.0--9.9] (S), 11.0[9.0--12.0] (NS), P=0.01. Oxidative damage markers reduced (improved) in the survivors but increased in the non-survivors. There was little difference between the groups in AO protection markers. There was a significant positive correlation between MOD and markers of oxidative damage at the time of admission (r=0.40, P=0.003, F2 IsoPs; r=0.28, P=0.035, MDA) and between the oxidative damage markers themselves (r=0.32, P=0.017). Increased oxidative stress is associated with poor outcome in critically ill patients, and may be a prognostic indicator. Oxidative damage markers are more useful than AO protection markers in predicting outcome.

Effect of Dark Chocolate on Arterial Function in Healthy Individuals

Epidemiologic studies suggest that high flavonoid intake confers a benefit on cardiovascular outcome. Endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and wave reflections are important determinants of cardiovascular performance and are predictors of cardiovascular risk. The effect of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate (100 g) on endothelial function, aortic stiffness, wave reflections, and oxidant status were studied for 3 h in 17 young healthy volunteers according to a randomized, single-blind, sham procedure-controlled, cross-over protocol. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, aortic augmentation index (AIx), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were used as measures of endothelial function, wave reflections, and aortic stiffness, respectively. Plasma oxidant status was evaluated with measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Chocolate led to a significant increase in resting and hyperemic brachial artery diameter throughout the study (maximum increase by 0.15 mm and 0.18 mm, respectively, P < .001 for both). The FMD increased significantly at 60 min (absolute increase 1.43%, P < .05). The AIx was significantly decreased with chocolate throughout the study (maximum absolute decrease 7.8%, P < .001), indicating a decrease in wave reflections, whereas PWV did not change to a significant extent. Plasma MDA and TAC did not change after chocolate, indicating no alterations in plasma oxidant status. Our study shows for the first time that consumption of dark chocolate acutely decreases wave reflections, that it does not affect aortic stiffness, and that it may exert a beneficial effect on endothelial function in healthy adults. Chocolate consumption may exert a protective effect on the cardiovascular system; further studies are warranted to assess any long-term effects.

The effects of etomidate, thiopental, and propofol in induction on hypoperfusion–reperfusion phenomenon during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A hypoperfusion-reperfusion human model is observed during and soon after laparoscopic surgery. The aim of the study was to research the preventive effects of etomidate, thiopental, and propofol in induction on hypoperfusion- reperfusion phenomenon during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty-six consecutive ASA I-II patients were randomized into three groups of 12 patients each. Anaesthesia was induced with etomidate in group 1, thiopental in group 2, and propofol in group 3. Venous blood samples were obtained at different time points for measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Arterial blood and gastric juice samples were obtained for the calculation of gastric intramucosal pH (pHi). Also changes in aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels were assessed. There was a significant decrease in pHi at 1 min before desufflation (BD) and 20 min after desufflation (AD) compared with before insufflation (BI) in all groups. Plasma level of MDA was significantly increased in group 1 at 1 min BD and 20 min AD compared with before induction of anaesthesia (baseline). Malondialdehyde levels were decreased significantly in group 3 and increased non-significantly in group 2 at the same time points. Also AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in both groups 1 and 2 at 24 h postoperatively. Propofol with antioxidant activity may offer many advantages by scavenging reactive oxygen species and their metabolites in case of anticipated hypoperfusion-reperfusion phenomenon, such as would occur in laparoscopic surgery.

Improved method for plasma malondialdehyde measurement by high-performance liquid chromatography using methyl malondialdehyde as an internal standard

Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) is an important contribution to the assessment of oxidative stress. We report a sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for measurement of plasma MDA in the assessment of lipid peroxidation. Using methyl malondialdehyde (Me-MDA) as an internal standard with reversed-phase HPLC and UV detection and derivatisation with 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), we obtained maximum MDA values with 60-min incubation of 10% plasma with 1 M NaOH at 60 °C. The dilution of the plasma and a longer incubation time in the alkaline hydrolysis step greatly improved recovery of MDA from its bound form. Ratios of peak height of MDA/Me-MDA were linear over a range of 0–100 μ M with correlation coefficients >0.99. The recovery was 88.5%. Within and between run variations were <4 and <7%, respectively. The mean MDA value measured in 20 healthy volunteers was 13.8 μ M (±1.32).

All ACE Inhibitors Are Not Alike-Reply

In Reply.— The comments by Cheng are quite valid and further emphasize the differences between various angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Although the presence of the sulfhydryl group in captopril has been shown to contribute to captopril's capacity to act as a free radical scavenger, 12 the clinical significance of this phenomenon is not established. In the study by McMurray et al, 2 the investigators evaluated 29 patients with chronic congestive heart failure by measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (an indirect indicator of free radical-mediated damage to lipids) and demonstrated that, compared with (Continued from p 1670.) healthy control subjects, the patients with congestive heart failure had higher plasma malondialdehyde and lower thiol concentrations ( P 3 there is as yet little available information