Plasma Inorganic Iodine Level Research Articles

Iodine level of goats from Shiwalik and middle mountains of north-west Himalayas in relation to soil, fodder, and water status

A baseline survey was carried out to determine the iodine status of goats and its relationship with the levels of soil, water, and fodder samples collected from different agro-climatic zones (sub-tropical, lower, and upper-intermediate) of the Jammu division. A total of 74 blood and 60 milk samples from goats, as well as soil (50), water (50), and fodder (56) samples, were collected. Plasma inorganic iodine (PII), milk inorganic iodine (MII), iodide ion (I-), and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels were measured along with biochemical parameters. The average PII, I-, and MII concentrations of goats from unorganized farms were 55.99±4.56 ng/ml, 1.37±0.11 ppm, and 47.3±5.68 ng/ml compared 74.68±8.40 ng/ml, 1.43±0.11 ppm and 62.01±8.55 ng/ml, respectively from the organized farm. Based on PII level, 71.62% of goats had moderate deficiency (level 50-100 ng/ml) and 28.37% had severe deficiency (level <50 ng/ml). The average levels of iodine in soil and water were 0.24 ppm and 0.06 ppm, respectively. Rabi and kharif fodders showed average iodine levels of 1.25 ppm and 0.37 ppm, respectively. Significant changes were recorded in glucose, HDL and T4 levels. Pearson correlation performed between PII (ng/ml) and biochemical parameters established correlation with T4 (r = -0.465), glucose (r = 0.510), HDL (r = -0.355) and cholesterol (r = 0.271). The study concluded that iodine deficiency is prevalent in the goat population due to lower levels in the environment implying an urgent need for regular supplementation in the diet.

Effect of Topical Application of Iodine on Plasma Inorganic Iodine Levels of Deficient Dairy Animals

Effect of Topical Application of Iodine on Plasma Inorganic Iodine Levels of Deficient Dairy Animals Topical application of 5% iodine solution was carried out in iodine deficient dairy animals (10 cows and 10 buffaloes). Four topical applications of iodine were done at weekly interval in all the animals with administration of 5% aqueous solution of iodine @ 100 mg/ 100 kg body weight at the flank region. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of the treatment. Pre treatment mean values of plasma inorganic iodine (PII) were 70.5 ± 3.00 ng/ml and 63.9 ± 3.29 ng/ml in cows and buffaloes, respectively indicating subclinical deficiency due to lack of cardinal signs in the deficient animals. After topical application of 4 doses of iodine solution, the PII levels significantly increased to 509 ± 27.18 ng/ml and 126 ± 17.62 ng/ml at day 30 in cows and buffaloes, respectively. Thereafter, at day 60, there was a decrease in PII levels that were 119 ± 11.88 in cows and 80.4 ± 6.64 ng/ml in buffaloes but the mean value in cows was still above the critical level of 104.9 ng/ml. By the day 90 of the treatment, the mean PII levels in cows and buffaloes further decreased to 88.5 ± 15.26 and 73.2 ± 9.98 ng/ml, respectively. Topical application of 5% iodine solution significantly raised PII levels in the deficient dairy animals till day 60 of the treatment and the effect was more pronounced in cows.

Epidemiology and diagnosis of subclinical iodine deficiency in crossbred cattle of Punjab

To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency in crossbred cows (taurus x indicus) of Punjab and to assess the diagnostic value of the plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones, total cholesterol and free fatty acids in iodine deficiency. The efficacy of ethiodised oil, as a long-term supplement of iodine, was also evaluated. Base-line survey of iodine status was conducted by measuring plasma inorganic iodine (PII) concentration in 48 crossbred cows from 31 dairy units. Concentrations of plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), total cholesterol and free fatty acids were compared between iodine deficient and normal cows. Circulating T4 and T3 concentrations were also determined before and after injection of ethiodised oil in cows with low PII levels. The mean prevalence of iodine deficiency was 35.9% and showed considerable geographical variation from 0 to 86% within Punjab. Cardinal clinical signs of iodine deficiency were absent and basal plasma T3 and T4 concentrations and their ratio did not differ between deficient and control cows. Activity of circulating T4 and T4:T3 ratio increased in response to ethiodised oil injection and persisted beyond 70 days after injection. Asymptomatic iodine deficiency is prevalent in crossbred cows of Punjab and response to iodine supplementation is the most reliable index of thyroid dysfunction associated with iodine deprivation. The results of this study also support the view that injection of 1 mL of 78% ethiodised oil can prevent iodine deficiency for more than 70 days.

Changes in basal and stimulated TSH and other parameters of thyroid function in acromegaly after transsphenoidal surgery

T1 and T3 levels, TSH response to TRH and somatomedin-C levels in 63 patients with acromegaly, were measured before transsphenoidal surgery and during a 4-year follow-up period. Criteria for cure were: mean GH level less than 5 mU/l, suppression of GH by oral glucose tolerance test below 2.5 mU/l and normalization of paradoxical GH reaction to TRH. Nine patients underwent radioiodine studies to assess the renal and thyroid clearance of iodide, plasma inorganic iodine level and absolute iodine uptake. Among the patients 40% had goitre, with a male preponderance. T1 and T3 levels were in the normal range both before and after surgery. A transient decrease in T3 levels was found in the immediate postoperative period. Before treatment a diminished or absent TSH response to TRH was exhibited by 64% of the goitre patients and 34% of the non-goitre groups (p less than 0.05). Despite normalization of GH and somatomedin-C levels and normal T4 and T3 levels no improvement of the TSH response was found during follow-up. No correlation between the incremental response of TSH to TRH and circulating T4 or T3 levels, basal TSH, GH or tumour size was found. There was, however, a negative correlation (r = -0.765, p less than 0.05) between the incremental TSH response to TRH and somatomedin-C levels for females with goitre. Somatomedin-C levels were higher in patients with goitre than in those without goitre (95 +/- 26 vs 75 +/- 30 nmol/l; mean +/- SD, p = 0.05). Radioiodine studies showed an increased renal clearance of iodide which was related to the increase in creatinine clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Thyroid function in patients in clinical remission after medical treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

This paper described the changes in the levels of serum triiodothyronine, serum thyroxine,serum thyrotrophin and other indices of thyroid function between 2-5 y after completion of antithyroid drug therapy in 35 patients who were euthyroid on clinical criteria. There was a small but significant elevation of the mean triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels with a relative hypersecretion of Triiodothyronine. No correlation was found between the levels of either thyroid hormone measured or their ratio and the radioiodine uptakes and clearance rate, the plasma inorganic iodine level, the absolute iodine uptake or the serum TSH level. There was no case of clinical hypothyroidism but in one patient the TSH level was at the upper limit of the nrmal range and an exaggerated TSH response to TRH was found.

Endemic goiter in Greece: clinical and metaboli effects of iodized salt.

ABSTRACT A study of iodine metabolism, including a field balance, was performed in 15 goitrous and 15 nongoitrous adult women following 6 months of iodized salt administration, in the same endemic village of Livadi where a similar control study was previously performed. Clinically, the incidence of goiter decreased and the size of the remaining enlargements was reduced. Biochemically, an increase in the dietary iodine intake by several times the control value resulted in normalization of most parameters studied, while differences observed previously between goitrous and nongoitrous were now obviated after iodine supplementation. The fecal and urinary iodine excretion were greatly increased and resulted in a negative iodine balance in both groups studied. A prompt fall in the thyroidal uptake and clearance to normal levels for both groups did not fully compensate the increased plasma inorganic iodine levels, thus resulting in high values for the absolute iodine uptake by the thyroid. This increase in the A...

Endemic goiter in Greece: an iodine balance study in the field.

ABSTRACT Iodine balance studies were carried out in the homes of 15 goitrous and 15 nongoitrous females in a Greek village with endemic goiter, and radioiodine techniques were used to evaluate iodine metabolism in the same subjects. The mean ±se dietary iodine intake of the goitrous (21.2 ±2.2 μg/day) was not significantly different from the nongoitrous (30.6 ±8.5), whereas the urinary iodine excretion was significantly reduced in the former group. The fecal iodine excretion was 5.1 ±0.16 and 6.4 ±0.39 μg/day in the goitrous and the nongoitrous, respectively. This latter group was apparently in a negative iodine balance. Quantitative studies of iodine metabolism revealed that, although the plasma inorganic iodine level was low in both groups studied, the greatly increased radioiodine uptake resulted in a significantly higher absolute iodine uptake in the goitrous. However, in spite of greater iodide trapping, the trend for slightly lower PBI and BEI values could be taken as indirect evidence against an in...

Endemic goiter in Greece: metabolic studies.

Iodine metabolism studies were performed in goitrous and nongoitrous inhabitants of the endemic areas of Central Greece. All the groups investigated showed an iodine-deficiency pattern, characterized by low plasma inorganic iodine (PII) and urinary iodine excretion values, high radioiodine uptake and clearance rates, but normal values for the absolute iodine uptake and PBI. There was a tendency for the goitrous to have a higher radioiodine uptake, and in one village a lower PII level. The PBI values, although generally normal, had a mean value slightly below that of the controls from a nonendemic area, and the difference was significant for the male group. The intrathyroidal exchangeable iodine pool was reduced in the goitrous persons. The excretion of urinary iodine was more severely reduced in the females. There was no difference in the renal iodide clearance between goitrous and nongoitrous persons. The butanol-insoluble iodine was higher in the goitrous than in the controls from a nonendemic area, wit...

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF ESTIMATION OF PLASMA INORGANIC IODINE IN ETHYROID, HYPERTHYROID AND GOITROUS PATIENTS.

The plasma inorganic iodine level has been simultaneously estimated in 62 patients by an isotope dilution technique and by a method utilizing a comparison of serum and urine iodine and creatinine ratios (I/Cr ratio). There is a good correlation between the results given by the 2 methods although the I/Cr ratio method gives slightly higher values than the isotope dilution technique. The findings support the suggestion that the I/Cr ratio method of PII estimation might be a valuable procedure for field work in goiter surveys.

Iodine deficiency following total gastrectomy

The dietary iodine intake, urinary iodide excretion and plasma inorganic iodide levels have been measured in 8 patients after total gastrectomy. Despite a normal dietary intake of iodine the urinary excretion and plasma inorganic iodine levels were low, suggesting that the iodine deficiency was due to malabsorption of iodine.

EFFECT OF SMALL IODINE SUPPLEMENTS ON THYROID FUNCTION IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS.

Supplements of potassium iodide of 100, 200 and 800 μg daily were administered to normal persons over a 12-week period. The plasma inorganic iodine (PII) rose and the thyroid clearance fell. The fall in the thyroid clearance, even at the end of the 12-week period, was not sufficient to compensate for the rise in PII, and so the net result was a small increase in the absolute iodine uptake. It has been calculated that this would result in an average extra 7 mg of iodide taken up over the 12-week period. There was no evidence of an increase in the amount of thyroid hormone secreted, and it is concluded that, as the plasma inorganic iodine level rises, iodide utilization by the thyroid becomes less complete.

STUDIES OF IODINE METABOLISM IN ICELAND.

ABSTRACT The relation between plasma inorganic iodine level, thyroid clearance and absolute iodine uptake of the thyroid gland has been studied in Iceland and compared with results obtained in Glasgow using identical methods. In Iceland the plasma inorganic iodine (PII) is higher than in Glasgow due to the high iodine content of the diet and the thyroid clearance lower. This adjustment is, however, incomplete, relatively high PII levels being associated with a low thyroid clearance and a raised absolute uptake by the thyroid. There was no evidence of increased hormone production as reflected in the serum PBI.