Plasma Hormone Profiles Research Articles

The Effect of Clenbuterol Supplementation on Growth Performance and on Plasma Hormone and Metabolite Levels of Broilers

In the present experiment, clenbuterol was supplemented (.42 ppm) from Day 1 or from 2 or 4 wk of age until slaughter age (6 wk). The effects on growth performance and on plasma hormone and metabolite profiles were investigated at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age in male and female broilers. There were no consistent or cumulative effects of clenbuterol feeding on growth and feed efficiency. Clenbuterol feeding from Day 1, but not later, depressed subsequent feed intake. Relative abdominal fat pad weight was reduced profoundly and was even more pronounced after prolonged supplementation and for females. Fat content of thigh meat (including skin), but not of breast meat (without skin), was reduced by clenbuterol feeding. No consistent effects of clenbuterol supplementation on plasma thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and corticosterone levels were detected. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations were depressed in male broilers fed clenbuterol for 6 wk, but the plasma triglyceride level did not follow this pattern. There was no evidence for a consistent effect of clenbuterol on lipolysis in vivo, measured by plasma glycerol level. Between 4 and 6 wk of age, plasma VLDL and glycerol levels decreased in females but increased in males. This corresponds to the higher fat deposition in females. However, the most consistent effects were age-related changes in the plasma levels of most hormones and metabolites. From the present study, it seems that clenbuterol acts primarily on fat deposition, the extent being dependent on sex, location of fat, and duration of β-adrenergic agonist supplementation.

Plasma Protein and Hormone Profiles Associated with Autoimmune Oophoritis and Ovarian Tumorigenesis in Neonatally Thymectomized Mice

Interactions between the immune and endocrine systems may have an important role in ovarian tumorigenesis. Neonatal thymectomy at 3 days of age (Tx-3) in (C3H/HeMs x 129/J)F1 (C31) female mice results in an autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis then subsequent tumor formation. At 3 months of age the histology of the ovaries showed that approximately 60% of the Tx-3 mice (Tx-3 DO) had completely lost their oocytes and follicles so that a preponderance of interstitial-like cells remained. The remainder of the Tx-3 mice had atypical ovaries (Tx-3 AO). The vaginal cytology showed that both groups of Tx-3 mice became acyclic at an early age compared to the intact mice. Around 12 months of age, a high percentage of the dysgenic ovaries developed trabecular tumors. Plasma protein-related indicators of systemic inflammatory responses showed little change during the course of the autoimmune oophoritis or ovarian tumorigenesis. Levels of estradiol 17 beta (E2) and testosterone (T) did not vary in the Tx-3 mice compared to those of the intact mice through 21 months of age but progesterone levels were lower during the exacerbation of the autoimmune oophoritis and tumor development. By 24 months of age levels of P increased while E2 decreased. Apparently, the premature reproductive failure in these mice at a young-adult stage results from the early loss of the oocytes by the localized autoimmune insult to the ovaries. The autoimmune oophoritis may then be the primary trigger for the subsequent ovarian tumor formation and the tumors succeed in association with the altered hormonal milieu.

Premature ovulations in superovulated cattle

The incidence and consequences of premature ovulations in superovulated cattle were studied. These ovulations, presumably induced by the luteinizing hormone content of the gonadotrophin preparation used, were found in 17 of 133 (13%) stimulated cows and heifers used as oocyte donors. In general this group of donors exhibited deviating periovulatory patterns of plasma hormone profiles (progesterone, estradiol17β and LH), estrus behaviour, follicular steroidogenesis of progesterone and estradiol-17β, and oocyte meiosis. It is concluded that superovulated donor cattle exhibiting premature ovulations constitute a group of poor oocyte donors that also must be considered as inferior embryo donors.

Endometrium and plasma hormone profile in the peri-menopause and post-menopause

Endometrial histology and plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-oestradiol (E 2), oestrone (E 1) and progesterone (P) were studied in 483 women over a period of 13 yr (6 yr before and 7 yr after the start of definitive amenorrhoea, defined as the last menstrual bleeding). The patterns for these parameters were established on the basis of the results of 1227 gonadotrophin and steroid determinations and 721 endometrial biopsies. Three periods were identified. During the first, from year −6 to year−3, gonadotrophin levels increased gradually, while those of E 2 remained normal, with peaks in some cases. Mean plasma P levels were within the normal range until year −3, but they then decreased progressively. Endometrial histology was similar to that observed during reproductive life. In the second period, from year −3 to year +1, there was a concomitant rise in gonadotrophins as the E 2 and P levels decreased. However, at the start of definitive amenorrhoea, the mean E 2 and P levels fluctuated between 60 and 100 pg/ml and between 2 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. The endometrium reflected this decrease in E 2 and P production. It was not atrophic but proliferative when definitive amenorrhoea commenced. During the last period, from year +1 to year +7, gonadotrophins reached a plateau at high levels, while those of E 2 continued to fall, reaching very low values at year +4, after which they reached a plateau. P levels were at the detection limit of the technique. The correlations between all plasma steroid levels and endometrial histology demonstrated discrepancies in 30% of cases: prliferative or hyperplastic endometria were seen at E 2 levels of under 60 mg/ml, atrophic endometric at E 2 levels of over 60 pg/ml and secretory endometria at very low P levels.

Seminal plasma hormone profile in infertile men with and without varicocele.

Seminal plasma FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, and oestradiol were estimated in 41 infertile men with varicocele and 45 infertile men without varicocele who failed to impregnate their wives after 2 years of marriage and 30 fertile men. There was significant elevation of FSH in the seminal plasma of the infertile men with varicocele compared with the seminal plasma of the other infertile and fertile men. Seminal LH and prolactin values were similar in both infertile groups but significantly higher than in the fertile men. Testosterone and oestradiol levels in the seminal plasma of infertile men with varicocele were lower than in the fertile and the other infertile males. Finding that both steroids were decreased in infertile men with varicocele could explain disturbed function of spermatozoa in men with varicocele. Further analysis will elucidate the importance of these hormone findings in the seminal plasma of infertile men with varicocele.

Changes in plasma hormone profiles after tumor transplantation into syngeneic and allogeneic rats

Transplantation of 2 chemically (DMBA, MCA)-induced tumors into syngeneic female or male DA strain rats elicited hormonal changes during tumor growth. Plasma levels of 7 different hormones were studied. Tumor cells in syngeneic recipients produced a biphasic decrease in insulin, an early increase in prolactin, and a late-phase decrease in thyroxine. Corticosterone decreased in female tumor bearers but increased in males. This difference may reflect differences in the tumors transplanted. Male rats had a decrease in testosterone during the late phase of tumor growth, while females had a biphasic decrease in progesterone and a late-phase increase in growth hormone. The tumors used were moderately immunogenic in syngeneic recipients. However, tumor transplantation to allogeneic recipients produced an early decrease in growth hormone and no change in insulin, corticosterone or thyroxine. Further, transplantation of normal liver cells to syngeneic or allogeneic recipients produced no hormonal abnormalities. This study demonstrates that hormonal changes which are not observed with normal cells or allogeneic tumor transplantation can occur within 2 days of syngeneic tumor transplantation. Progressive tumor growth is characterized by a worsening endocrine imbalance which involves multiple hormone systems.

Changes in plasma hormone profiles and in hypothalamic catecholamine turnover rates in neonatally androgenized rats during the transition phase from cyclicity to persistent estrus (delayed anovulatory syndrome).

Changes in plasma hormone profiles and in hypothalamic catecholamine turnover rates in neonatally androgenized rats during the transition phase from cyclicity to persistent estrus (delayed anovulatory syndrome).

Multiple Systems Organ Failure

The response of the plasma substrate and hormone profile of survivor and nonsurvivor septic trauma patients to varying rates of amino acid infusion (IVAA) were contrasted. When IVAA=0 levels of most plasma amino acids (except aspartate, tryptophan, cysteine, and proline) were lower in nonsurvivors. At IVAA=1 to 100, however, 11 of 20 plasma amino acids were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher in nonsurvivors: only glutamate was significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.001) and valine, isoleucine, and arginine on average lower. At IVAA less than or equal to 101 to 200, only alanine, methionine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.005) higher in nonsurvivors; isoleucine was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.02) lower. The sharp increase in methionine and decrease in tryptophan in nonsurvivors with IVAA was particularly marked. Polynomial regression analysis showed that urea increased significantly with IVAA in both patient groups, while free fatty acids and cortisol decreased only in nonsurvivors. Insulin increased with IVAA only in survivors, glucagon only in nonsurvivors. Triglycerides, glycerol, acetoacetate, beta OH butyrate, and glucose appeared to show no significant response to IVAA in either patient group. The data are consistent with increased peripheral protein catabolism and branched-chain amino acid oxidation in association with decreased tissue uptake of conventional energetic fuels. These results may be interpreted to be consistent with an impairment of mitochondrial translocase systems.

Levonorgestrel plasma concentrations and hormone profiles after insertion and after one year of treatment with a levonorgestrel-IUD

Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol, FSH and LH were measured in seven volunteers who had a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD inserted postmenstrually. Blood samples were collected twice weekly during a mean of 93 days immediately postmenstrually and during a mean of 41 days over the twelfth to fifteenth month of treatment. Patterns of bleeding were studied during the first year of treatment. The IUDs used were designed to release 25 μg/day of levonorgestrel. The mean ± SD plasma concentration of levonorgestrel for all subjects during the first three months was 260 ± 68 pg/ml, and 129 ± 28 pg/ml after one year of treatment. During the initial period of blood sampling only two of the subjects ovulated, while only two did not ovulate after one year of treatment. Intermenstrual spotting occurred during the first sixty days of treatment. Three subjects developed amenorrhea at the end of the first year. All the subjects continued the use of the IUD and no pregnancies occurred.

Relation between plasma hormone profiles, symptoms, and response to oestrogen treatment in women approaching the menopause.

Out of a consecutive series of 300 patients seen at a menopause clinic, 82 complained of symptoms generally associated with the climacteric, although they were still menstruating. Vasomotor disturbances were absent in 42 of these patients (group 1) and present in 40 (group 2). Headaches, insomnia, and dyspareunia were the most common complaints among the women with vasomotor symptoms, whereas loss of libido and depression predominated in those without. Conjugated equine oestrogens (Premarin) 1.25 mg daily given for three weeks out of four relieved nearly all symptoms in group 2, but in group 1 the response was disappointing. The mean plasma oestradiol concentration in women with vasomotor symptoms was significantly lower than that observed during days 1-10 of the menstrual cycle, but plasma testosterone values were not significantly different from those observed in younger women. Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations were similar to those seen after the menopause. Concentrations of these hormones in the women without vasomotor symptoms were similar to those in the younger, regularly menstruating women. After six months of oestrogen treatment patients in group 2 had a 2.1-fold increase in mean plasma oestradiol concentration, and plasma FSH and LH concentrations were reduced to 39% and 66% of their pretreatment values respectively; in group 1, however, no such pronounced changes occurred. High concentrations of FSH were present in patients with oestrogen-responsive symptoms, 15 U/1 being the diagnostic cut-off point. This measurement in the presence of characteristic symptoms therefore constitutes the best method of selecting patients for oestrogen-replacement therapy.

Plasma Hormone Profile in Anovulation

Daily plasma hormones, including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone (T), were measured in 16 anovulatory patients for a span of 3 to 4 weeks. The clinical diagnoses in this group of patients included the following: anovulation-eumenorrhea (n = 5), anovulation-polymenorrhea (n = 1), anovulation-oligomenorrhea (n = 3), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (n = 1), polycystic ovarian disease (n = 4), severe hypothalamic amenorrhea (n = 1), and postpartum amenorrhea-galactorrhea (n = 1). Follicular activity was evident in polymenorrheic and oligomenorrheic patients, and menstruation occurred in these patients following estrogen withdrawal. No follicular maturation was noted in the group of patients with anovulation-eumenorrhea, and menstruation in these patients was considered breakthrough bleeding. Low FSH levels were observed in anovulatory patients with eumenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea. Significantly high LH values were noted in both classic and non-classic polycystic ovarian disease. Extremely low E1 and E2 levels were found in patients with severe hypothalamic amenorrhea and postpartum amenorrhea-galactorrhea. Slightly elevated progesterone levels were observed in polymenorrheic and oligomenorrheic patients prior to menstruation; this was frequently associated with an LH surge or elevation. Elevated T levels were consistently associated with hirsutism but not with obesity.

PLASMA HORMONE PROFILES IN POST‐MENOPAUSAL WOMEN BEFORE AND DURING OESTROGEN THERAPY

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & GynaecologyVolume 84, Issue 4 p. 314-314 PLASMA HORMONE PROFILES IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN BEFORE AND DURING OESTROGEN THERAPY H. S. Jacobs, H. S. Jacobs Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this authorJ. D. Hutton, J. D. Hutton Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. F. Murray, M. A. F. Murray Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this authorV. H. T. James, V. H. T. James Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this author H. S. Jacobs, H. S. Jacobs Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this authorJ. D. Hutton, J. D. Hutton Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. F. Murray, M. A. F. Murray Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this authorV. H. T. James, V. H. T. James Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Chemical Pathology St Mary's Hospital Medical School LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12585.xCitations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume84, Issue4April 1977Pages 314-314 RelatedInformation

Plasma hormone profile of threatened abortion and its prognosis.

Hormone levels in patients with threatened abortion were compared with those of women with normal pregnancies to determine the relationship between these hormone patterns and patient prognoses. Plasma progesterone, plasma unconjugated estradiol-17beta (estradiol), and plasma human chorionic somato-mammotropin (HCS) were measured serially in 27 patients with threatened abortion. Twelve of these patients were able to continue their pregnancies, and 15 patients aborted. Of the 3 indices tested, 2 (plasma estradiol and HCS levels) showed marked differences in women who were able to continue their pregnancies and women whose pregnancies ended in abortions; moreover, these findings indicated that these 2 levels could be used as indices for the evaluation of a pregnant patient's prognosis.

Gonadotropic Hormone Treatment of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Plasma Hormone Profile Following a Single Injection

Immature rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were treated with salmon gonadotropic hormone to determine the presence of this hormone in circulation, to describe the plasma profile with time after exogenous hormone treatment, and to determine the difference in plasma gonadotropin levels resulting from treatment with two different hormone doses. The effect of three selected temperatures on the plasma hormone profile was also studied. The plasma concentration of the injected hormone following a low dose (0.02 μg/g) and a high dose (0.2μg/g) suggested that plasma hormone levels were directly related to the hormone quantity injected. For fish maintained at 6 C, plasma gonadotropin values declined over a period of 7 days reaching low but detectable levels. Lower plasma gonadotropin profiles were observed for fish held at 6 and 15 compared with fish at 2 C ambient temperature. These data suggest the plasma gonadotropin levels and ambient temperature are related in an inverse manner.