Plasma Chemerin Levels Research Articles

Decreased plasma chemerin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

To evaluate fasting and post-prandial serum chemerin levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes, and again following delivery when normal glucose homeostasis is re-established. Chemerin levels were measured in serum from nine women with gestational diabetes, and from eight age- and BMI-matched pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance during two meal tests: in the third trimester and 3-4 months post partum. All women with gestational diabetes re-established normal glucose tolerance after delivery. Meal intake did not affect serum chemerin levels. The group with gestational diabetes had lower mean serum chemerin levels during the third trimester compared with the group with normal glucose tolerance (28 ± 1.3 vs. 88 ± 3.5 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). In the group with normal glucose tolerance, mean serum chemerin levels decreased significantly post partum to 57 ± 2.8 ng/ml (P = 0.0001), but remained significantly (P = 0.0003) higher than post-partum levels in the group with gestational diabetes (31 ± 1.9 ng/ml), which did not differ significantly from third trimester levels (P = 0.31). Normal pregnancy is associated with increased circulating chemerin levels, which may act to reduce pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and prevent glucose intolerance. Women with gestational diabetes, however, have severely reduced chemerin levels that remain low after delivery, which may contribute to the insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and high type 2 diabetes risk associated with gestational diabetes.

Circulating Chemerin Levels are Increased in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Chemerin is an important risk factor of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of chemerin in the early stage of diabetes development. 63 control subjects without any family history of diabetes and with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 74 healthy, first-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetic patients were recruited in the study. All subjects underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test after having fasted overnight. Plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, chemerin, and adiponectin were measured. FDR subjects had higher BMI, WHR, waist, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, TG, UA, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, and lower HDL- C levels than control subjects (p < 0.05). The FDRs group had significantly lower adiponectin levels while chemerin was higher. Plasma chemerin levels were independently correlated with HOMA-IR, FINS, TG, FPG, and adiponectin level. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR and TG were independent risk factors that influenced circulating chemerin levels. These findings showed a significant increase of chemerin levels in FDR subjects which suggested that chemerin may be involved in the development and progression of insulin resistance.

Evaluation of plasma chemerin levels in patients with non-dipper blood pressure patterns.

BackgroundChemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Although there are several correlations between hypertension and the inflammatory system, there is still insufficient information about the relationship between blood pressure variability and inflammatory markers. In this study, we aimed to determine whether chemerin levels are elevated in non-dipper patients compared with dippers and healthy controls.Material/MethodsThis study was composed of a group of 90 patients: 60 hypertensive patients and 30 healthy control subjects (12 males, mean age 53.2±15.4 years). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring devices (ABPM) were connected to all patients. Using data from the ABPM, hypertensive patients were divided into 2 groups: 30 dipper patients (12 males, mean age 52.5±15.1 years) and 30 non-dipper patients (11 males, mean age 54.6±13.0 years). Complete blood count and biochemistry were measured by standard methods and plasma chemerin concentrations were quantified by ELISA.ResultsNon-dipper patients demonstrated higher chemerin levels compared to dippers and normotensives (219.7±16.3 vs. 182.4±21.4 ng/ml; 219.7±16.3 vs. 85.4±38.1 ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001 for both comparisons). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value for chemerin to predict a non-dipping pattern was 201.4, with 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity. There was a positive correlation between chemerin levels and all ambulatory blood pressure values in all hypertensive patients.ConclusionsChemerin, which plays a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis, was higher in non-dippers compared to dippers and normotensives. Additionally, chemerin shows positive correlations with blood pressure.

Chemerin is associated with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome phenotypes in hypertension patients

Background: Chemerin is a new adipokine elevated in states of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In order to identify the role of chemerin in hypertension, we conducted a case--control study to evaluate the role of chemerin in hypertension.Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven new-diagnosed essential hypertensive (EH) patients and one hundred and ten normotensive healthy subjects (NT) were enrolled. After an overnight fasting, participants underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). Anthropometric measurements and serum analyses were checked, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glucose, chemerin, hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6.Results: Compared with healthy controls, subjects with hypertension had significantly higher chemerin serum levels (p < 0.001). In hypertensive patients, chemerin level was significantly associated with metabolic characteristics including BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, OGTT 2-hour glucose, plasma triglycerides, plasma total cholesterol, HOMA-IR and markers of inflammation including hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6, independent of age and gender. Only gender, HOMA-IR, TNF-α and TG were independently related factors to plasma chemerin level after multiple regression analysis. In logistic regression analysis, high chemerin level was an independent predictor of the presence of hypertension (OR: 1.045, p < 0.001) when metabolic variables were adjusted for. However, the association was lost when further adjustment for inflammatory markers including hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 (OR: 1.022, p = 0.289).Conclusions: Chemerin is strongly associated with markers of inflammation and components of the metabolic syndrome in hypertensive subjects and was independently associated with hypertension after adjustment for age, gender and metabolic risk factors.

AB0193 Plasma chemerin levels in rheumatoid arthritis are correlated with disease activity rather than obesity

BackgroundChemerin is an adipokine that is linked to adipogenesis and chemotaxis of the innate immune system. It is expressed on macrophage, dendritic cells, and synovial lining and sublining cells. It...

AB0444 Elevated plasma chemerin levels are correlated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundChemerin is an adipokine that is linked to adipogenesis and chemotaxis of the innate immune system. It is expressed on macrophage, dendritic cells, and synovial lining and sublining cells. It...

Increased Chemerin and Decreased Omentin-1 in Both Adipose Tissue and Plasma in Nascent Metabolic Syndrome

Adipose tissue dysregulation causing aberrant adipokine secretion contributes toward the proinflammatory state of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there are scant data on the role of novel adipokines in MetS. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of circulating and adipose tissue-secreted adipokines, chemerin, omentin-1, resistin, and visfatin in nascent MetS patients without diabetes or cardiovascular disease and to determine their relation with features of MetS. Subjects with MetS and gender- and age-matched controls were recruited after informed consent. Fasting blood samples and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were obtained. SAT-secreted and plasma levels of chemerin, omentin-1, resistin, and visfatin were quantitated. There was significantly higher circulating as well as SAT-released chemerin in nascent MetS compared to controls, which persisted after adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and age. Also, both SAT-released and plasma levels of omentin-1 were significantly lower in MetS compared to controls, and the significant differences persisted after adjustment for age, body mass index, or waist circumference. No significant differences were observed in the levels of circulating visfatin as well as SAT-secreted resistin and visfatin. Chemerin correlated significantly with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides, and blood pressure, and inversely with omentin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Omentin correlated significantly with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inversely with glucose and triglycerides. We make the novel observation of abnormal circulating and gluteal SAT-secreted chemerin and omentin-1 levels in nascent MetS, which could confer a higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Plasma chemerin level in metabolic syndrome

To investigate the chemerin level in the Chinese Han population with metabolic syndrome and its relationship with each metabolic syndrome component [body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose], we selected 30 patients with metabolic syndrome and 30 healthy control subjects. The chemerin level was measured by enzyme immunoassay in these 2 groups. The subjects' weight, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipids, and glycated hemoglobin were simultaneously detected. The t-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to perform statistical analysis. We found that plasma chemerin level was higher in the metabolic syndrome group than that in the control group (97.61 ± 6.49 vs 70.26 ± 6.97, t = 15.73, P < 0.05). The plasma chemerin level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.548, 0.442, 0.359, 0.556, 0.613, 0.581, and 0.572, respectively; all P < 0.05). However, it was negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.378, P < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that plasma chemerin level was correlated with obesity, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, suggesting that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

Possible Involvement of Chemerin, a Novel Regulator in Follicular Growth and Steroidogenesis, in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome associated with follicle growth arrest, dysregulated sex hormone profile, hyperthecosis and insulin resistance. Chemerin is a novel adipokine and is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although obese women and PCOS subjects have elevated plasma chemerin levels, whether and how chemerin is involved in the regulation of follicular growth/steroidogenesis and pathogenesis of PCOS is unknown. Our objective is to better understand the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of ovarian follicular growth and steroidogenesis and gain insights in their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PCOS. We hypothesize that chemerin is a novel regulator of follicular growth and steroidogenesis and contributes to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Using an immature rat model (day13-15 for follicle culture and day 21-24 for granulosa cells culture) and a chronically androgenized rat model [dihydrotestosterone (DHT); daily release dose 83μg from day 21-105] which recapitulates the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of human PCOS, we have examined the granulosa cell expression patterns of chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 and their steroidogenic capability. Chemerin and CMKLR1 were expressed in granulosa cells from immature rats and negatively regulated by gonadotropin in vivo and in vitro. Serum and ovarian chemerin levels in DHT-treated rats were elevated, which was associated with arrested follicular growth and decreased expression of p450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (p450scc), aromatase and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Recombinant chemerin inhibited FSH-induced estradiol secretion in granulosa cells from DHT-treated rats in vitro. In addition, chemerin suppressed basal and FSH-induced follicle growth and estradiol/progesterone production in a concentration-dependent manner in preantral follicle cultures. Moreover, chemerin suppressed FSH-induced p450scc/aromatase expression and progesterone/estradiol secretion in immature rat granulosa cells in vitro. Conclusion: This study demonstrated, for the first time, that chemerin is a novel negative regulator in FSH-induced follicular growth and steroidogenesis. Our findings support the notion that the dysregulation of chemerin expression and function contributes to pathogenesis of PCOS and infertility associated with compromised follicular growth and differentiation. This research is supported by a grant from the CIHR (B.K.T.), CIHR-QTNPR (Q.W.) and CIHR-REDIH (K.X.) graduate scholarships and a CIHR-QTNPR postdoctoral fellowship (J.Y.K.).

Plasma and tissue chemerin levels and their relation to metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis

Plasma and tissue chemerin levels and their relation to metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis

Correlation of Peripheral Arterial Blood Flow with Plasma Chemerin and VEGF in Diabetic Peripheral Vascular Disease

Progressive vasodegeneration in microvascular beds is the major underlying factor in initiation and progression of diabetic complications. Chemerin shows a strong correlation with various facets of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with dysregulated angiogenesis. VEGF is shown to have an angiogenic role in certain cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes. Ankle/brachial index is a known approach for assessing lower-limb peripheral vascular disease. This study aimed to elucidate the correlation of ankle/brachial index as a marker of peripheral blood flow with biomarkers of angiogenesis, plasma chemerin and VEGF, in diabetic peripheral vascular disease. Ninety age- and sex-matched females were enrolled in the study: 30 were controls, while 60 had Type 2 diabetes, of whom 30 had controlled diabetes (group II) and 30 had diabetes with peripheral vascular disease (group III) diagnosed by an abnormal ankle/brachial index. Plasma levels of chemerin and VEGF were measured. There was a significant decrease of the ankle/brachial index and significant increase in plasma chemerin and VEGF in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between ankle/brachial index, plasma chemerin and VEGF in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease. Linear regression analysis revealed that neither chemerin nor VEGF were predictors for ankle/brachial index in diabetic peripheral vascular disease. This study elucidates, for the first time, the rise of plasma levels of chemerin and VEGF, and their positive correlation with ankle/brachial index in diabetic peripheral vascular disease. These findings denote their angiogenic effect of improving the peripheral blood flow in diabetic peripheral vascular disease. Further studies are warranted to examine the exact role of these two biomarkers in diabetic vasculopathy.

Elevated serum chemerin concentrations are associated with renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients

Aim Chemerin, a new adipocytokine, has been suggested to be linked to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The association of plasma chemerin levels with diabetic nephropathy, however, is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether plasma chemerin levels are associated with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 116 type 2 diabetic patients and 38 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of chemerin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum chemerin was significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria compared with control subjects and diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. No differences were found in the level of serum chemerin between diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria and control subjects. Serum chemerin was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and serum triglycerides, and negatively correlated with creatinine clearance Stepwise regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance and serum creatinine remained significantly associated with serum chemerin. Conclusion Serum chemerin levels are strongly associated with renal function in diabetic patients.

Elevated Plasma Levels of Chemerin in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Hypertension

Chemerin is a recently discovered metabolic regulator hormone. The pathophysiologic role of this hormone in humans remains unknown. In this study, we have compared plasma chemerin levels in patients with...

Chemerin, A Novel Adipokine in the Regulation of Angiogenesis

Abstract Context: Chemerin is a new adipokine associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gene expression levels of chemerin were elevated in the adipose depots of obese compared with lean animals and was markedly elevated during differentiation of fibroblasts into mature adipocytes. Objective: To identify factors that affect the regulation and potential function of chemerin using a genetics approach. Design, setting, patients and intervention: Plasma chemerin levels were measured in subjects from the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS), a large family-based genetic epidemiological study including 1354 Mexican American individuals. Individuals were randomly sampled without regard to phenotype or disease status. Main Outcome Measures: A genome wide association analysis using 542,944 SNPs in a subset of 523 of the same subjects was undertaken. The effect of chemerin on angiogenesis was measured using human endothelial cells and interstitial cells in co-culture in a specially formulated medium. Results: Serum chemerin levels were found to be highly heritable (h2 = 0.25; P = 1.4 x 10−9). The SNP showing strongest evidence of association (rs347344; P = 1.4 x 10−6) was located within the gene encoding EDIL3, which has a known role in angiogenesis. Functional angiogenesis assays in human endothelial cells confirmed that chemerin significantly mediated the formation of blood vessels to a similar extent as VEGF. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate for the first time that plasma chemerin levels are significantly heritable and identified a novel role for chemerin as a stimulator of angiogenesis.

Chemerin, A Novel Adipokine in the Regulation of Angiogenesis

ABSTRACT Context Chemerin is a new adipokine associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gene expression levels of chemerin were elevated in the adipose depots of obese compared with lean animals and was markedly elevated during differentiation of fibroblasts into mature adipocytes. Objective To identify factors that affect the regulation and potential function of chemerin using a genetics approach. Design, setting, patients and intervention Plasma chemerin levels were measured in subjects from the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS), a large family-based genetic epidemiological study including 1354 Mexican American individuals. Individuals were randomly sampled without regard to phenotype or disease status. Main Outcome Measures A genome wide association analysis using 542,944 SNPs in a subset of 523 of the same subjects was undertaken. The effect of chemerin on angiogenesis was measured using human endothelial cells and interstitial cells in co-culture in a specially formulated medium. Results Serum chemerin levels were found to be highly heritable (h2 = 0.25; P = 1.4 x 10−9). The SNP showing strongest evidence of association (rs347344; P = 1.4 x 10−6) was located within the gene encoding EDIL3, which has a known role in angiogenesis. Functional angiogenesis assays in human endothelial cells confirmed that chemerin significantly mediated the formation of blood vessels to a similar extent as VEGF. Conclusion Here we demonstrate for the first time that plasma chemerin levels are significantly heritable and identified a novel role for chemerin as a stimulator of angiogenesis.

Chemerin, a Novel Adipokine in the Regulation of Angiogenesis

Chemerin is a new adipokine associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gene expression levels of chemerin were elevated in the adipose depots of obese compared with lean animals and was markedly elevated during differentiation of fibroblasts into mature adipocytes. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the regulation and potential function of chemerin using a genetics approach. Plasma chemerin levels were measured in subjects from the San Antonio Family Heart Study, a large family-based genetic epidemiological study including 1354 Mexican-American individuals. Individuals were randomly sampled without regard to phenotype or disease status. A genome-wide association analysis using 542,944 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a subset of 523 of the same subjects was undertaken. The effect of chemerin on angiogenesis was measured using human endothelial cells and interstitial cells in coculture in a specially formulated medium. Serum chemerin levels were found to be highly heritable (h(2) = 0.25; P = 1.4 x 10(-9)). The single-nucleotide polymorphism showing strongest evidence of association (rs347344; P = 1.4 x 10(-6)) was located within the gene encoding epithelial growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3, which has a known role in angiogenesis. Functional angiogenesis assays in human endothelial cells confirmed that chemerin significantly mediated the formation of blood vessels to a similar extent as vascular endothelial growth factor. Here we demonstrate for the first time that plasma chemerin levels are significantly heritable and identified a novel role for chemerin as a stimulator of angiogenesis.

Chemerin Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Phenotypes in a Mexican-American Population

Chemerin is a novel adipokine previously associated with metabolic syndrome phenotypes in a small sample of subjects from Mauritius. The aim of the study was to determine whether plasma chemerin levels were associated with metabolic syndrome phenotypes in a larger sample from a second, unrelated human population. Plasma samples were obtained from the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS), a large family-based genetic epidemiological study including 1431 Mexican-American individuals. Individuals were randomly sampled without regard to phenotype or disease status. This sample is well-characterized for a variety of phenotypes related to the metabolic syndrome. Plasma chemerin levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. Linear regression and correlation analyses were used to determine associations between plasma chemerin levels and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Circulating chemerin levels were significantly higher in nondiabetic subjects with body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m(2) compared with those with a BMI below 25 kg/m(2) (P < 0.0001). Plasma chemerin levels were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome-related parameters, including BMI (P < 0.0001), fasting serum insulin (P < 0.0001), triglycerides (P < 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.00014), independent of age and sex in nondiabetic subjects. Circulating chemerin levels were associated with metabolic syndrome phenotypes in a second, unrelated human population. This replicated result using a large human sample suggests that chemerin may be involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome.

Chemerin Is a Novel Adipokine Associated with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Soluble protein hormones are key regulators of a number of metabolic processes, including food intake and insulin sensitivity. We have used a signal sequence trap to identify genes that encode secreted or membrane-bound proteins in Psammomys obesus, an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using this signal sequence trap, we identified the chemokine chemerin as being a novel adipokine. Gene expression of chemerin and its receptor, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), was significantly higher in adipose tissue of obese and type 2 diabetic P. obesus compared with lean, normoglycemic P. obesus. Fractionation of P. obesus adipose tissue confirmed that chemerin was predominantly expressed in adipocytes, whereas CMKLR1 was expressed in both adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells of adipose tissue. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, chemerin was markedly induced during differentiation, whereas CMKLR1 was down-regulated during differentiation. Serum chemerin levels were measured by ELISA in human plasma samples from 114 subjects with T2D and 142 normal glucose tolerant controls. Plasma chemerin levels were not significantly different between subjects with T2D and normal controls. However, in normal glucose tolerant subjects, plasma chemerin levels were significantly associated with body mass index, circulating triglycerides, and blood pressure. Here we report, for the first time, that chemerin is an adipokine, and circulating levels of chemerin are associated with several key aspects of metabolic syndrome.