Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations Research Articles

No Effect of High Eating Frequency Compared with Low Eating Frequency on Appetite and Inflammation Biomarkers: Results from a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

BackgroundEating frequency (EF) focuses on the total number of eating occasions per day and may influence metabolic health. ObjectivesWe sought to examine the effect of high compared with low EF on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers among healthy adults. MethodsData are from a randomized, crossover trial (the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones study). Participants (n = 50) completed 2 isocaloric 21-d study periods of low EF (3 eating occasions/d) and high EF (6 eating occasions/d) in random order with a 14-d washout period in between. Participants were free-living and consumed their own food, using study-directed, structured meal plans with identical foods and total energy in both study periods. On days 1 and 21 of each EF period, fasting blood was collected during in-person clinic visits to assess plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Linear mixed models with EF, diet sequence, and period as fixed effects and participant as random effect were used to estimate the intervention effect. Interaction effects between EF and body fat percentage were examined. ResultsAmong the 50 participants who completed the trial, 39 (78%) were women, 30 (60%) were Non-Hispanic White, and 40 (80%) had a body mass index of <25 kg/m2, and the mean age was 32.1 y. The differences between high and low EF in fasting ghrelin (geometric mean difference: 17.76 ng/mL; P = 0.60), leptin (geometric mean difference: 2.09 ng/mL; P = 0.14), adiponectin (geometric mean difference: 381.7 ng/mL; P = 0.32), and hs-CRP (geometric mean difference: −0.018 mg/dL; P = 0.08) were not statistically significant. No significant interaction was observed between EF and body fat percentage on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers. ConclusionsNo differences was observed in fasting ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP comparing high and low EF. Future studies are needed to understand the physiology of EF and appetite as they relate to metabolic health.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02392897.

No effect of liraglutide on high density lipoprotein apolipoprotein AI kinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes

AimThe catabolism of high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) is accelerated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), related to hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and low plasma adiponectin levels. Since liraglutide is likely to partly correct these abnormalities, we hypothesized that it might have a beneficial effect on HDL apoAI kinetics in patients with T2D. MethodsAn in vivo kinetic study of HDL apoAI was performed in 10 patients with T2D before and after 6 months of treatment with 1.2 mg/day of liraglutide, using a bolus of l-[1–13C]leucine followed by a 16-hour constant infusion. ResultsLiraglutide reduced BMI (34.9 ± 4.7 vs 36.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2, P = 0.012), HbA1c (7.1 ± 1.1 vs 9.6 ± 2.6%, P = 0.003), HOMA-IR (5.5 ± 1.9 vs 11.6 ± 11.2, P = 0.003), fasting triglycerides (1.76 ± 0.37 vs 2.48 ± 0.69 mmol/l, P < 0.001) and triglycerides during kinetics (2.34 ± 0.81 vs 2.66 ± 0.65 mmol/l, P = 0.053). Plasma HDL cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations were unchanged (respectively 0.97 ± 0.26 vs 0.97 ± 0.19 mmol/l, P = 1; 3169 ± 1561 vs 2618 ± 1651 µg/l, P = 0.160), similar to triglyceride content in HDL (5.13 ± 1.73 vs 5.39 ± 1.07%, P = 0.386). Liraglutide modified neither HDL apoAI fractional catabolic rate (0.35 ± 0.11 vs 0.38 ± 0.11 pool/day, P = 0.375), nor its production rate (0.44 ± 0.13 vs 0.49 ± 0.15 g/l/day, P = 0.375), nor its plasma concentration (1.26 ± 0.19 vs 1.29 ± 0.14 g/l, P = 0.386). ConclusionSix months of treatment with 1.2 mg/day of liraglutide had no effect on the kinetics of HDL apoAI in patients with T2D. The lack of decrease in triglyceride content in HDL related to an only moderate decrease in triglyceridemia, probably greatly explains these results. Insufficient improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectinemia may also be implied.

Cardiometabolic characteristics of people with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity

There is considerable heterogeneity in the cardiometabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. We evaluated multi-organ system metabolic function in 20 adults with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; normal fasting glucose and triglycerides, oral glucose tolerance, intrahepatic triglyceride content, and whole-body insulin sensitivity), 20 adults with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; prediabetes, hepatic steatosis, and whole-body insulin resistance), and 15 adults who were metabolically healthy lean. Compared with MUO, people with MHO had (1) altered skeletal muscle biology (decreased ceramide content and increased expression of genes involved in BCAA catabolism and mitochondrial structure/function); (2) altered adipose tissue biology (decreased expression of genes involved in inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling and increased expression of genes involved in lipogenesis); (3) lower 24-h plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, and triglycerides; (4) higher plasma adiponectin and lower plasma PAI-1 concentrations; and (5) decreased oxidative stress. These findings provide a framework of potential mechanisms responsible for MHO and the metabolic heterogeneity of obesity. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02706262).

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases among women of reproductive age; however, its aetiology is unclear. PCOS is linked to many metabolic manifestations and alterations such as obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Women with PCOS have intra-ovarian and systemic changes in their metabolite levels. Adipose tissue dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Adipose tissue growth is disrupted by metabolic stress, leading to hypertrophy of adipocytes, which begin to express stress signals. Adipose tissue secretes autocrine and paracrine factors, called adipokines or adipocytokines. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein abundant in the bloodstream. Plasma adiponectin concentration is low in women with PCOS, obesity, CVD, and hypertension. Other adipocytokines with altered secretion in PCOS include leptin, resistin, apelin, visfatin, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Hormonal imbalance, untimely action of high LH, and consequent hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS may cause metabolic defects associated with adipose tissue dysfunction; however, there are no reports on the role of higher LH levels in adipose dysfunction and altered adipokine secretion. New medications with therapeutic potential have been developed that target adipokines for the treatment of PCOS. This review discusses the association between PCOS and altered adipokine production as a consequence of adipose dysfunction.

Plasma concentration of leptin is related to food addiction in gambling disorder: Clinical and neuropsychological implications.

Data implicate overlaps in neurobiological pathways involved in appetite regulation and addictive disorders. Despite different neuroendocrine measures having been associated with both gambling disorder (GD) and food addiction (FA), how appetite-regulating hormones may relate to the co-occurrence of both entities remain incompletely understood. To compare plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) between patients with GD, with and without FA, and to explore the association between circulating hormonal concentrations and neuropsychological and clinical features in individuals with GD and FA. The sample included 297 patients diagnosed with GD (93.6% males). None of the patients with GD had lifetime diagnosis of an eating disorder. FA was evaluated with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. All patients were assessed through a semi-structured clinical interview and a psychometric battery including neuropsychological tasks. Blood samples to measure hormonal variables and anthropometric variables were also collected. From the total sample, FA was observed in23 participants (FA+) (7.7% of the sample, 87% males). Whencompared participants with and without FA, those with FA+ presented both higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) andleptin concentrations, after adjusting for BMI (p = 0.013). In patients with FA, leptin concentrations positively correlated with impulsivity, poorer cognitive flexibility, and poorer inhibitory control. Other endocrine measures did not differ between groups. The present study implicates leptin in co-occurring GD and FA. Among these patients, leptin concentration has been associated with clinical and neuropsychological features, such as impulsivity and cognitive performance in certain domains.

Exploring the Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin, Gender, and Underlying Diseases in Severe Illness.

Adiponectin is low in obesity, plays a crucial role in metabolic health, and, moreover, possesses immunoregulatory properties. However, studies examining its levels in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis have yielded conflicting results. While females typically have higher systemic adiponectin levels than males, research on sex-specific associations in this context is limited. In this study of 156 SIRS/sepsis patients, including those with liver cirrhosis, we aimed to explore the relationship between plasma adiponectin, body mass index (BMI), gender, disease severity, and underlying etiological conditions. Our findings revealed that patients with liver cirrhosis, who are susceptible to infections, exhibited elevated circulating adiponectin levels, irrespective of sex. When excluding cirrhosis patients, plasma adiponectin levels were similar between male SIRS/sepsis patients and controls but lower in female patients compared to female controls. Plasma adiponectin was inversely related to BMI in female but not male patients. Further analysis within the non-cirrhosis subgroup demonstrated no significant differences in adiponectin levels between sexes among SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock patients. Ventilation, dialysis, and vasopressor therapy had no discernible impact on adiponectin levels in either sex. A negative correlation between adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) existed in males only. Notably, patients with pancreatitis showed the lowest plasma adiponectin concentrations, although sex-specific differences were not significant. Infection with Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria had minimal effects on plasma adiponectin levels in both sexes. However, infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 led to decreased adiponectin levels in females exclusively. Multivariate analysis considering all factors affecting plasma adiponectin levels in males or females identified BMI in females and CRP levels in males to predict plasma adiponectin levels in SIRS/sepsis patients. Additionally, our study observed a trend where the 25 patients who did not survive had higher plasma adiponectin levels, particularly among males. In summary, our investigation highlights the influence of underlying diseases and sex on plasma adiponectin levels in SIRS/sepsis patients, shedding light on potential implications for disease management and prognosis.

FRI406 Maternal Biomarkers Of Adiposity And Stress For Preterm Birth

Abstract Disclosure: G. Mayne: None. P.E. DeWitt: None. J. Wen: None. U. Christians: None. D. Dabelea: None. J. Schulkin: None. K. Hurt: None. Background: Adiponectin is a potent uterine tocolytic and decreases with gestational age, so it could be a maternal metabolic quiescence factor during pregnancy. Maternal stress can influence risk for preterm birth, and adiponectin may be inversely related to cortisol. Therefore, we characterized a potential mechanistic link between preterm birth, adiponectin, and cortisol. In this pilot study, we hypothesized maternal plasma adiponectin and cortisol concentrations are inversely related and that lower adiponectin and higher cortisol associate with spontaneous preterm birth. Methods: We performed a nested case-control study using biobank morning fasting plasma samples, taken twice in pregnancy for the Healthy Start pre-birth cohort. We included low-risk women with singleton pregnancies and excluded mothers with major medical illness, preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, or prior preterm birth. We matched preterm cases with term controls (1:3) by gestational age at first blood sample and least variation in time between blood samples (16 preterm, 46 term). We quantified high (HMW), low molecular weight (LMW), and total adiponectin using an ELISA assay. We also quantified cortisol and five related steroid hormones from the same specimens using HPLC/mass spectrometry. We used generalized estimating equations and additive models to compare group means and associations between adiponectin and cortisol. We used machine learning with gradient boosting for predictive modeling. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, total, HMW, and LMW adiponectin positively associated with cortisol across gestation (P&amp;lt;0.001 for all), however the association was reduced in the preterm compared with term group and significantly so for LMW (P=0.044). In predictive modelling, HMW adiponectin, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, and cortisol were the four most highly relevant predictors for preterm birth (AUROC=0.704). Conclusion: In healthy low-risk patients, we found associations between adiponectin and cortisol differ across gestation for pregnancies ending with term or preterm delivery and have some predictive value in this cohort. This suggests a possible mechanistic link between maternal metabolism and stress for pregnancy maintenance. These biomarkers may prove useful as predictors in larger studies and might indicate possible maternal metabolic therapies for preterm birth prevention. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Plasma adiponectin as a predictor of the effectiveness of coronary heart disease therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin, an adipose tissue protein, plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. As a potential therapeutic target, this adipokine can be considered in the context of treatment strategies.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between changes in plasma adiponectin concentration during coronary heart disease therapy and the effectiveness of the treatment, as well as to examine the relationship between initial adiponectin levels and treatment outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 31 patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome (age 59.7 5.9 years, 21 women) which underwent the reexamination after 23 years. Most patients received statins (n = 26), while some received fibrates (n = 4) and hypoglycemic drugs (n = 4). Additionally, the patients were on hypotensive and antithrombotic therapies. The effectiveness of coronary heart disease therapy was assessed by evaluating changes in the functional class of angina pectoris and exercise tolerance measured through cycle ergometry. Plasma samples were collected at the initial and reexamination periods to determine glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and lipidogram parameters.&#x0D; RESULTS: The study revealed improvements in insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid spectrum, along with reduced levels of plasma leptin and increased adiponectin levels during the course of therapy. In addition, some patients showed enhanced exercise tolerance. Among the biochemical parameters, changes in insulin resistance during therapy correlated with improvements in exercise performance indicators during cycle ergometry (r = 0.320.36, p 0.05). Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that the initial adiponectin concentration independently determined changes in inotropic reserve and the amount of work performed ( = 0.44, p = 0.04 and = 0.64, p = 0.008).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The studys findings regarding the association of plasma adiponectin concentration with changes in exercise tolerance during coronary heart disease therapy suggest the potential for developing specific approaches to raise adiponectin levels in the future.

The role of urokinase, T-cadherin and adiponetin in the development of endogenous depressive disorders

Introduction The prevalence of depression averages approximately 6 % of the total population. The heritability of depression ranges from 28 % to 44 %. Genetic predisposition may be due to polymorphisms of genes involved in the processes of functioning and morphogenesis of the brain: the balance of monoamines, the action of navigational molecules and their receptors.Purpose of the study To determine the role of genes that regulate the processes of nerve cell migration and directed growth of nerve fibers of navigation receptors (PLAUR and CDH13) or their ligands (PLAU, PLAT, ADIPOQ) in the development of endogenous depression and schizophrenia in the Russian population.Materials and methods At the first stage of the study, the scientific literature was searched in the MEDLINE database. The primary prevalence of genomic variants will be established using whole genome sequencing of 20 patients with severe forms of schizophrenia and endogenous depression. Further, at least 100 patients in each group and 100 healthy donors will take part in the study.Results and discussion The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is involved in neurogenesis by regulating the trajectory of axonal growth. The level of suPAR in blood plasma can act as a biomarker of mild inflammation underlying the etiology of depression. The level of suPAR in plasma can be considered a predictor of the effectiveness of combination therapy with antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs. Molecules of the cadherin superfamily are involved in the development of the nervous system, the transmission of intercellular signals, and the regulation of neuronal plasticity. Polymorphisms of the CDH7, CDH9, CDH13, CDH17 genes demonstrate a correlation with the presence of depression. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue. One of the adiponectin receptors, AdipoR2, stimulates neuronal plasticity and inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin are reduced in depressed patients.Conclusion The results accumulated by researchers testify in favor of the important role of uPAR and T-cadherin in the processes of brain development, and most importantly, in the pathogenesis of the development of endogenous depressions.

Heterogeneity in the effect of marked weight loss on metabolic function in women with obesity.

BACKGROUNDThere is considerable heterogeneity in the effect of weight loss on metabolic function in people with obesity.METHODSWe evaluated muscle and liver insulin sensitivity, body composition, and circulating factors associated with insulin action before and after approximately 20% weight loss in women identified as "Responders" (n = 11) or "Non-responders" (n = 11), defined as the top (>75% increase) and bottom (<5% increase) quartiles of the weight loss-induced increase in glucose disposal rate (GDR) during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure, among 43 women with obesity (BMI: 44.1 ± 7.9 kg/m2).RESULTSAt baseline, GDR, which provides an index of muscle insulin sensitivity, and the hepatic insulin sensitivity index were more than 50% lower in Responders than Non-responders, but both increased much more after weight loss in Responders than Non-responders, which eliminated the differences between groups. Weight loss also caused greater decreases in intrahepatic triglyceride content and plasma adiponectin and PAI-1 concentrations in Responders than Non-responders and greater insulin-mediated suppression of plasma free fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and C3/C5 acylcarnitines in Non-responders than Responders, so that differences between groups at baseline were no longer present after weight loss. The effect of weight loss on total body fat mass, intra-abdominal adipose tissue volume, adipocyte size, and circulating inflammatory markers were not different between groups.CONCLUSIONThe results from our study demonstrate that the heterogeneity in the effects of marked weight loss on muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity in people with obesity is determined by baseline insulin action, and reaches a ceiling when "normal" insulin action is achieved.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT00981500, NCT01299519, NCT02207777.FUNDINGNIH grants P30 DK056341, P30 DK020579, P30 DK052574, UL1 TR002345, and T32 HL13035, the American Diabetes Association (1-18-ICTS-119), the Longer Life Foundation (2019-011), and the Atkins Philanthropic Trust.

EFFECT OF RENAL DENERVATION ON THE PLASMA ADIPONECTIN CONCENTRATION IN PATIENTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION

Objective: Adiponectin is produced by white adipose tissue and has anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. In patients with arterial hypertension plasma concentration of adiponectin is lower than in healthy subjects. Renal denervation (RDN) i.e. percutaneous ablation of fibers from the sympathetic nervous system located in the wall of the renal arteries by radio frequency waves, is a method of resistant arterial hypertension treatment. The aim of this single center, interventional, clinical study was to assess the effect of RDN on the plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with resistant arterial hypertension. Design and method: Twenty-six patients (12 women, 14 men) aged 54.0±7.8 years with resistant hypertension who underwent RDN using Simplicity catheters (Medtronic, Inc., Northridge, CA) were enrolled in the study. Plasma adiponectin concentration was determined using the Human Adiponectin ELISA Kit (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Tokyo, Japan) before the RDN and 6 and 12 months after this procedure. Results: Blood pressure (BP) values before RDN and 6 and 12 months after RDN were as follow: systolic BP - 190.4±24.5, 160.8±14.5, 155.7±17.9 mmHg (p&lt;0.001) and diastolic BP - 111.7±18.9, 88.9±8.3, 91.2±10.2 mmHg (p&lt;0.001), respectively. Body mass index (BMI) before RDN, 6 and 12 months after RDN were 31.5±4.2, 30.5 ±4.4, 30.2±4.0 kg/m2, (p = 0.057), respectively. Plasma adiponectin concentration before the RDN and 6 and 12 months after RDN were 6.93±4.85, 7.94±3.97, 8.83±6.12 [μg/ml] (p = 0.007), respectively. In the follow up i.e. 6 and 12 months after RDN plasma adiponectin concentration increases significantly in responders (systolic BP decrease higher or equal 25 mmHg) (7.93±6.14, 8.87±4.68, 10.57±7.51 [μg/mL]; respectively]; p = 0.03, and did not change significantly in low-responders to RDN (systolic BP decrease &lt; 25 mmHg) (5.76±2.45, 6.86±2.76, 6.81±3.19 [μg/mL]; respectively; p = 0.2). Conclusions: 1. Plasma adiponectin concentration increases significantly after successful RDN in patients with resistant arterial hypertension. 2. Higher plasma adiponectin concentration may participate - beyond blood pressure reduction - in the cardiovascular benefits related to successful RDN, however clinical consequences of our results need further investigations.

Supplementation with a New Standardized Extract of Green and Black Tea Exerts Antiadipogenic Effects and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome.

Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a standardized extract of green and black tea (ADM® Complex Tea Extract (CTE)) prevents the development of insulin resistance in mice with MetS. For this purpose, C57BL6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with a standard diet (Chow), a diet with 56% kcal from fat and sugar (HFHS) or an HFHS diet supplemented with 1.6% CTE. CTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, adiposity and circulating leptin levels. Likewise, CTE also exerted lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures and in the C. elegans model. Regarding insulin resistance, CTE supplementation significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and reduced the circulating levels of insulin and the HOMA-IR. Incubation of liver, gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue explants with insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in mice fed with Chow and HFHS + CTE but not in those fed only with HFHS. The greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to insulin in mice supplemented with CTE was associated with a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α and with an overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes Sod-1, Gpx-3, Ho-1 and Gsr in these tissues. Moreover, in skeletal muscle, mice treated with CTE showed increased mRNA levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Arnt and Nrf2, suggesting that the CTE's insulin-sensitizing effects could be the result of the activation of this pathway. In conclusion, supplementation with the standardized extract of green and black tea CTE reduces body weight gain, exerts lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects and reduces insulin resistance in mice with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Effect of Renal Denervation on the Plasma Adiponectin Concentration in Patients with Resistant Hypertension

(1) Introduction: Adiponectin is synthetized by white adipose tissue and has anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. In patients with arterial hypertension, plasma concentration of adiponectin is lower than in healthy subjects. Renal denervation, i.e., percutaneous ablation of fibers from the sympathetic nervous system located in the wall of the renal arteries by radio frequency waves, is a method of resistant arterial hypertension treatment. (2) The aim of this single center, interventional, clinical study was to assess the effect of renal denervation on the plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with resistant arterial hypertension. (3) Materials and methods: 28 patients (13 women, 15 men) aged 54.4 ± 9.2 years with resistant hypertension who underwent renal denervation using Simplicity catheters (Medtronic, Inc., Northridge, CA, USA) were enrolled in the study. Plasma adiponectin concentration was determined using the Human Adiponectin ELISA Kit (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Tokyo, Japan) before the renal denervation and 6 and 12 months after this procedure. (4) Results: Blood pressure (BP) values before renal denervation and 6 and 12 months after this procedure were as follows: systolic BP 190.4 ± 24.5, 160.8 ± 14.5, 155.7 ± 17.9 mmHg (p < 0.001) and diastolic BP 111.7 ± 18.9, 88.9 ± 8.3, 91.2 + 10.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively. Body mass index (BMI) before renal denervation, 6 and 12 months after this procedure were 31.5 ± 4.2, 30.5 ± 4.4, 30.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2, (p = 0.057), respectively. Plasma adiponectin concentration before the renal denervation and 6 and 12 months after this procedure were 4.79 (3.95; 9.49), 7.58 (5.04; 9.51), 6.62 (4.57; 11.65) [µg/mL] (p = 0.007), respectively. (5) Conclusions: Plasma adiponectin concentration increases significantly after successful renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension. Higher plasma adiponectin concentration may participate-beyond blood pressure reduction-in the cardiovascular benefits related to successful renal denervation; however' clinical consequences of these results need further investigations.

Daily phytate intake increases adiponectin levels among patients with diabetes type 2: a randomized crossover trial

AimAdiponectin, a major adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate; InsP6) is a natural compound that is abundant in cereals, legumes, and nuts that has demonstrated to have different beneficial properties in patients with diabetes type 2.MethodsWe performed a randomized crossover trial to investigate the impact of daily consumption of InsP6 on serum levels of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 39). Thus, we measure serum levels of these inflammatory markers, classic vascular risk factors, and urinary InsP6 at baseline and at the end of the intervention period.ResultsPatients who consumed InsP6 supplements for 3 months had higher levels of adiponectin and lower HbA1c than those who did not consume InsP6. No differences were found in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta.ConclusionThis is the first report to show that consumption of InsP6 increases plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with T2DM. Consequently, our findings indicate that following a phytate-rich diet has beneficial effects on adiponectin and HbA1c concentrations and it could help to prevent or minimize diabetic-related complications.

Dietary inadequacies overestimate the blood deficiencies of magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A, C, E, and D among residents of Sao Paulo.

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of the inadequate intake and status of magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A, C, E, and D and identify factors associated with micronutrient deficiency in serum/plasma among residents of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from 824 individuals aged ≥14 years were obtained from the 2015 ISA-Nutrition, a population-based, cross-sectional survey. Dietary and supplement intakes were assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls, and the micronutrient inadequacies were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Micronutrient status was measured in serum or plasma, and deficiency was established according to the lower limit of the reference values. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the effect of intake on the micronutrient status in serum/plasma. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between micronutrient status and individual characteristics. More than 80% of the population had an inadequate dietary intake of magnesium, vitamin E, and vitamin D. Males had a high prevalence of inadequate dietary intake of vitamin A and zinc. A high-to-moderate prevalence of inadequate vitamin C intake was observed. Vitamin D was the only nutrient with a deficient status comparable to its dietary inadequacy. The other nutrients demonstrated a lower deficiency prevalence compared to dietary inadequacy, and vitamin A demonstrated the lowest prevalence of deficiency in plasma. Generally, dietary intake showed a non-notable association with micronutrient deficiency in serum/plasma. Individuals with fasting glucose concentrations ≥100mg/dL and those using diuretic drugs had a higher risk of serum magnesium deficiency. Those using lipid-lowering drugs and those with high plasma adiponectin concentrations had a higher risk of serum zinc deficiency. Individuals who smoked and those with hypertension showed a higher risk of plasma vitamin C deficiency. Individuals with average leptin concentrations had a higher risk of plasma vitamin E deficiency. Finally, those with sufficient leisure-time physical activity had a lower risk of serum vitamin D deficiency. Residents of the urban areas of São Paulo demonstrated substantially inadequate intakes of most of the assessed micronutrients; however, micronutrient deficiency in serum/plasma was not associated with dietary inadequacy, and it usually demonstrated a lower prevalence than dietary indicators. Thus, using micronutrient intake to determine the serum/plasma profile should be done with caution. The status of the micronutrients varied according to individual characteristics, indicating the interplay of complex mechanisms underlying micronutrient balance.

Maternal Protein Restriction in Rats Alters Postnatal Growth and Brain Lipid Sensing in Female Offspring.

Perinatal nutrition is a key player in the susceptibility to developing metabolic diseases in adulthood, leading to the concept of "metabolic programming". The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation on glucose homeostasis and eating behaviour in female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a normal or protein-restricted (PR) diet and followed throughout gestation and lactation. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, and eating behaviour were evaluated in offspring, especially in females. Body weight gain was lower in PR dams during lactation only, despite different food and water intakes throughout gestation and lactation. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin and triglycerides increased drastically before delivery in PR dams in relation to fat deposits. Although all pups had identical birth body weight, PR offspring body weight differed from control offspring around postnatal day 10 and remained lower until adulthood. Offspring glucose homeostasis was mildly impacted by maternal PR, although insulin secretion was reduced for PR rats at adulthood. Food intake, satiety response, and cerebral activation were examined after a lipid preload and demonstrated some differences between the two groups of rats. Maternal PR during gestation and lactation does induce extrauterine growth restriction, accompanied by alterations in maternal plasma leptin and adiponectin levels, which may be involved in programming the alterations in eating behaviour observed in females at adulthood.

Adiponectin, Leptin and Resistin in Patients with Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a common chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterised by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, parakeratosis, and T-cell infiltration. Adipose tissue has an endocrine function, producing an abundance of cytokines and adipokines. It has also been described that the major adipokines, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin, may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim of the study was to examine the plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in patients with psoriasis and their correlations with disease activity parameters: Psoriasis Activity Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Body Surface Area (BSA) index, as well as selected clinical parameters. The study included 53 patients with the plaque type and 31 healthy controls. The plasma concentrations of adiponectin were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis (p &lt; 0.001) than in the control group. The plasma concentrations of leptin were higher in patients with psoriasis, however, due to high intra-patient variability of leptin plasma concentrations these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.2). The plasma concentrations of resistin were significantly increased in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls (p = 0.02). There were no statistically significant correlations between adiponectin and leptin plasma concentrations and values of PASI, DLQI, and BSA. The resistin plasma concentrations correlated significantly with DLQI values. Additionally, we examined the correlations between adiponectin, leptin, and resistin plasma concentrations, and selected clinical parameters. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin correlated significantly with CRP values and ALT values. Leptin plasma concentrations correlated significantly with creatinine values. The results of our study confirm the role of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Effect of resistance circuit training on health-related physical fitness, plasma lipid, and adiponectin in obese college students.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of resistance circuit training on health-related physical fitness, plasma lipid and adiponectin in obese college students. Twenty male college students participated in this study and they were randomly divided into the sedentary group (SG, n=10) and the resistance circuit training group (RCG, n=10). The exercise group underwent the resistance circuit training program for 60 min 3 times a week for 12 weeks, while the sedentary group continued activities of daily living as usual. The levels of health-related fitness, blood lipid, and adiponectin were measured twice before and after the experiment. To analyze the statistically significance of collected data, Two-way repeated measure analysis of variance was used to determine the changes in the groups over the training period. A paired t-test was used to verify the difference within each group, and an independent t-test was used to verify the difference between the groups. In this study, the body composition including body fat mass, percent body fat and body mass index were significantly decreased in RCG compared to those in SG, and the health-related fitness showed a significant difference between RCG and SG. In addition, RCG positively modulated blood concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, plasma adiponectin concentration did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Therefore, the present data suggested that resistance circuit training might be regulator to improve health-related physical fitness and decrease the level of plasma lipid in obese male college students.

THE ROLE OF OBESITY AND PLASMA ADIPOCYTOKINES IN IMMUNE DYSREGULATION IN SEPSIS PATIENTS.

Introduction: The dysregulated immune response in sepsis is highly variable, ranging from hyperinflammation to immunoparalysis. Obesity is associated with the release of inflammatory mediators from adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, causing a chronic inflammatory state. Perhaps counterintuitively, obesity is also associated with lower mortality in sepsis patients. We investigated the association between obesity, circulating adipocytokine concentrations, immune dysregulation, and outcome in sepsis patients. Methods In this secondary analysis of a prospective study, plasma concentrations of the adipocytokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were assessed in 167 patients at diagnosis of sepsis due to pneumonia, bacteremia, or acute cholangitis. Adipocytokines were compared between patients with normal weight (body mass index [BMI], 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ; n = 67), overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 ; n = 56), and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ; n = 42), as well as between immunological endotypes: hyperinflammation (n = 40), immunoparalysis (n = 62), and unclassified (n = 55). Results: Higher circulating concentrations of leptin were observed in patients with obesity compared with patients with normal weight ( P = 0.008) and overweight ( P = 0.02), whereas adiponectin and resistin plasma concentrations were not different ( P = 0.08 and P = 0.85, respectively). Resistin concentrations were associated with immunological endotypes, with the highest levels found in hyperinflammatory patients ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, resistin concentrations were predictive for 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03 per 10 ng/mL; P = 0.04). These associations were not found for leptin and adiponectin. Conclusion: Obesity and BMI-related adipocytokines are not related to the development of a hyperactive or suppressed immune response as defined by ferritin and mHLA-DR expression in sepsis patients. Although resistin is related to the immune response and an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes, these associations are similar in patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. This implies that the relationship between resistin and clinical outcome is likely driven by the inflammatory response and not by obesity itself. Taken together, although there exists a strong association between inflammation and sepsis mortality, our results do not point toward a role for obesity and BMI-related adipocytokines in immune dysregulation in sepsis patients.

ODP322 Impact of Mifepristone on Liver Function and Resolution of Liver Steatosis in Patients with Cushing Syndrome – A Case Study

Abstract Background Hypercortisolism is a recognized cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mifepristone (Korlym®, Corcept Therapeutics), a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS). Mifepristone has also shown beneficial effects in preclinical models of fatty liver disease, including reduced liver injury, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations. Here, we report the case of a patient with CS and liver steatosis who was treated intermittently with mifepristone. Clinical Case A 36-year-old woman with CS associated with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, major depressive disorder, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and liver steatosis was intermittently treated with mifepristone for 3 years. Abdominal imaging was performed several times for abdominal pain. Before treatment with mifepristone was initiated, the patient had a body weight of 198 lbs, BMI of 32kg/m 2, HbA1c of 11.5%, and liver steatosis as noted on abdominal imaging with normal liver function tests (ALT: 40 U/L [normal: 6-42 U/L], AST: 30 U/L [normal: 8-36 U/L]). After 16 months, treatment with mifepristone was discontinued secondary to abnormal uterine bleeding. Imaging performed around the time of discontinuation showed resolution of liver steatosis, which was accompanied by significant reductions in LFTs to levels typically seen in healthy volunteers without liver steatosis (ALT: 10 U/L, AST: 17 U/L). The patient's HbA1c had decreased to 6.8%. Imaging performed 7months after mifepristone discontinuation showed recurrence of liver steatosis, LFTs had returned to pre-treatment values (ALT: 42 U/L, AST: 31U/L), and HbA1c had increased to 9.3%. The patient underwent hysterectomy and restarted mifepristone treatment. One year after resumption of mifepristone, imaging showed that liver steatosis had resolved once again, along with a similar reduction in LFTs as observed before (ALT: 16 U/L, AST: 12 U/L). Fourteen months after restart, mifepristone was discontinued again. Labs and imaging performed 10 months after discontinuation showed, as previously, recurrence of liver steatosis along with elevated LFTs (ALT: 100 U/L, AST: 56 U/L). Data from mifepristone's prospective pivotal study (SEISMIC, NCT00569582) of 50 patients with CS also showed a similar reduction in ALT throughout the study, which was reversed during the 6-week discontinuation follow-up phase of the study. This was followed by a repeat reduction when mifepristone was restarted in the extension study (NCT00936741). Conclusion These results suggest that mifepristone is effective in improving liver function and decreasing liver steatosis in patients with endogenous CS, a trend that is also accompanied by improvement in insulin resistance and glycemic control. Presentation: No date and time listed