Agricultural Plants Research Articles

Sustainable management of rosemary wastewater and essential oil in agri-environmental bioprocessing

In agriculture, fragrant and medicinal plants offer significant untapped potential for generating biomass-derived materials, particularly from wastewater by-products. In this context, the present study investigates the chemical compositions, antioxidant capacities, antimicrobial properties, acute oral toxicity, and diabetes management potential of wastewater by-products and essential oil from R. tournefortii de Noé. Utilizing advanced analytical techniques, including ATR-FTIR, GC/MS, and HPLC-DAD, were employed to conduct the analyses. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed intricate molecular compositions in both the essential oil and wastewater, confirming terpenoids, phenolic acids, and other functional groups. GC/MS and HPLC-DAD identified dominant compounds in the essential oil, notably camphor (25.49%) and 1,8-cineole (18.03%), while the wastewater contained significant levels of hydroxycinnamic acids such as caffeic acid (23.51%) and rosmarinic acid (21.15%). In terms of bioactivity, the essential oil demonstrated robust antimicrobial effects, with inhibition zones up to 17.1 mm, whereas the wastewater exhibited moderate activity, with zones up to 15.15 mm. Additionally, antioxidant assessments revealed exceptional potency of the wastewater, with IC50 values of 0.046 ± 0.007 mg/mL for DPPH, 0.082 ± 0.013 mg/mL for ABTS, and 2.45 ± 0.71 mg/mL for the beta-carotene/linoleate model system, surpassing the essential oil. Furthermore, both the essential oil and wastewater showed significant inhibitory effects on pancreatic α-amylase, crucial for diabetes management, with wastewater demonstrating remarkable inhibition (IC50 = 0.48 ± 0.021 mg/mL). Acute oral toxicity assessment confirmed the safety of these components, alleviating concerns about potential adverse effects. In summary, these findings highlight the untapped potential and environmental significance of wastewater by-products as valuable resources, positioning R. tournefortii de Noé's essential oil and wastewater as promising agents for sustainable healthcare and environmental sustainability.

Comprehensive Review of Microbial Inoculants: Agricultural Applications, Technology Trends in Patents, and Regulatory Frameworks

Agriculture is essential for nutrition and the global economy, becoming increasingly important due to population growth and higher food demand. This situation boosts interest in creating bioproducts that enhance productivity sustainably while reducing environmental issues and strain on natural resources. Bioinoculants are important innovations that use beneficial microorganisms to boost crop growth and resilience. They enhance the interaction between soil and plants by solubilizing essential nutrients and producing phytohormones. This not only boosts agricultural productivity but also promotes environmentally sustainable practices by decreasing reliance on chemical fertilizers. Considering the relevance of this subject to advances in agro-industrial biotechnology, this review analyzes recent studies and patent advances on the production and use of bioinoculants, as well as their integration into agricultural practices and plant development. It also explores the dynamics of production and downstream processes on an industrial scale, regulations in different countries, and growing market demands, which is an important feature of this review. Furthermore, future perspectives for the application of bioinoculants in agro-industrial biotechnology are discussed, emphasizing the critical role that these biological agents play in advancing agricultural sustainability.

Computer Design of the Regulating Working Element of the Channel Cleaning Equipment

Cleaning devices of channel systems used for irrigation of agricultural plants and mechatronic parts regulating their operations were analyzed, the issues of automation of construction design, measurement and management in this field were examined and the purpose of the work was determined. As the goal of the work, the issue of automation of the construction design, technological measurement and management process of the working body for efficient cleaning of small and medium-sized concrete-covered channels, bathtubs from sludge and weeds was set. A complex scheme of information, algorithmic and software support for the automation of the design, technological measurement and control of the mechatronic parts of the working body used for cleaning the channel and bathtub was proposed, and the issues of logical modeling and simulation of the drawing of 2- and 3-dimensional images of the working body were solved. Algorithms were developed using the production modeling method to automate the process of technological measurement, implementation and management, which accurately regulates the operations of the working body of the mechanical device of complex construction. In Solid Edge 2D, 3D software environments, the determination of the geometric shapes of the individual mechanical parts of the channel cleaning unit with a milling cutter, their sizes and types of materials is ensured, and the algorithm was developed using the logical modeling method. For the automation of the structural design process, the information security of the mechanical parts of the application object and the elements of the new design milling cutter device was created for the management of the database of drawings.

Extraction of agricultural plastic greenhouses based on a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network Coupled with edge expansion and loss function improvement

ABSTRACT Agricultural plastic greenhouses (APGs) are crucial for sustainable agricultural planting, and accurate spatial distribution information acquisition is crucial. Deep learning network models can extract target features from remote sensing images more effectively than traditional interpretation methods, which face challenges like high workloads and poor repeatability. In this study, we aim to enhance the inventorying of Agricultural Plastic Greenhouses (APGs) by improving the extraction accuracy of their locations and numbers through remote sensing techniques. Utilizing GF-7 satellite imagery, we propose an enhanced U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) model that incorporates edge information expansion and a joint loss function to optimize performance. The primary objective is to provide a rapid and accurate method for mapping APGs, which is crucial for effective agricultural management and environmental monitoring. The U-Net network’s accuracy was enhanced by 1.1% after expanding 3 × 3sample edge information, and further by 1.9% by combining edge extension and loss function constraints. Our results demonstrate that the modified U-Net model significantly improves extraction accuracy compared to traditional methods, thereby facilitating better inventory management and planning for agricultural cash crops. This advancement not only supports farmers in optimizing resources but also contributes to sustainable agricultural practices by enabling precise monitoring of APG distribution. Implication Statement Compared to traditional interpretation methods, which suffer problems such as heavy workloads, small adaptation ranges and poor repeatability, deep learning network models can better extract target features from remote sensing images. In this study, we used GF-7 image data to improve the traditional U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The Canny operator and Gaussian kernel (GK) function were used for sample edge expansion, and the binary cross-entropy and GK functions were used to jointly constrain the loss. Finally, APGs were accurately extracted and compared to those obtained with the original model. The results indicated that the APG extraction accuracy of the U-Net network was improved through the expansion of sample edge information and adoption of joint loss function constraints.

Persistent luminescent ZnAl-LDH nanosheets for all-weather degradation of nitenpyram and tetracycline: Superoxide radical induction, life cycle analysis and engineering applications

Photocatalysts designed for all-weather applications, capable of efficient charge carrier separation, are set to transform the adoption of photocatalysis-driven advanced oxidation processes in wastewater management. In this investigation, an energy-storing ZnAl-LDH@SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ (SALDH) was synthesized successfully, optimized for the photocatalytic selective degradation of NTP and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under varying weather conditions, with 100 % degradation of both NTP and TC within 75 min. Remarkably, SALDH demonstrates energy storage capabilities that markedly reduce energy demands relative to traditional photocatalytic approaches. The primary reactive species identified were O2−, and the Fukui index, computed via density-functional theory (DFT), identified the specific interaction sites of O2− on NTP molecules. Utilizing the energy retention properties of SALDH, a novel, environmentally friendly device was engineered for processing organic pollutants in agricultural wastewater. This system harness the energy from solar radiation to induce the oxidation of pollutants. The experiments that were performed in the both artificially prepared lab-scale and actual agricultural WWT plants indicated the degradation efficiencies of 36 % and 37 %, respectively. As seen during the day, both SALDH and persulfate were capable of effectively decomposing organic contaminants; at night, the SA’s luminescence maintained the oxidative ability of ZnAl-LDH. Meanwhile, SALDH combines the corrosion resistance of ZnAl-LDH with good metal compatibility, enabling SALDH to effectively improve the photostability of long afterglow. This work contributes to the existing knowledge on the degradation of organic pollutants by efficient photocatalysts and points to possible implementations in water treatment processes.

Parable of the Svalbard Seed Vault: An Arctic repository for agricultural plant diversity embodies the flawed logic of climate adaptation.

Parable of the Svalbard Seed Vault: An Arctic repository for agricultural plant diversity embodies the flawed logic of climate adaptation.

Evaluation of brinjal and tomato scions for enhancing yield and quality attributes in grafted brimato plants

To meet the growing demand for fresh produce in cities, promoting peri-urban and urban farming is essential to reduce reliance on rural areas for vegetables. One innovative approach developed at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi (2019-2022), is the dual grafting of brinjal and tomato on a single brinjal plant, termed 'Brimato' (Brinjal + Tomato). Using the vigorous, waterlogging and salinity-tolerant brinjal rootstock IC 111056, four brinjal cultivars (Kashi Sandesh, Kashi Uttam, Kashi Manohar, Kashi Vijay) and three tomato cultivars (Kashi Aman, Kashi Chayan, Vani) were selected as scions. Over three years, experiments showed that scion cultivars significantly impacted Brimato productivity. Kashi Manohar combined with Kashi Aman or Kashi Chayan yielded the highest brinjal fruit numbers, while Kashi Aman combined with hybrid brinjal Kashi Sandesh resulted in the highest tomato fruit numbers. The highest fruit yields were observed with the Kashi Sandesh + Kashi Chayan combination, yielding 2.58 kg/plant. The Kashi Aman + Kashi Sandesh combination produced a cumulative yield of 5.98 kg/plant. Physiological traits like photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence yield varied significantly among scion cultivars, with Kashi Manohar and Kashi Aman scions exhibiting the highest photosynthetic rates. Grafted Brimato plants showed enhanced fruit quality, particularly in vitamin C and β-carotene content. These findings highlight the potential of Brimato plants for urban agriculture, offering a viable solution for sustainable fresh produce supply.

МЕТЕОДАННЫЕ РЕАНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ОБОСНОВАНИЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО РЕЖИМА ОРОШАЕМЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРУНДИ

moisture supply, the country's well-being and food independence depend on the development of irrigated agriculture. The goal of irrigated agriculture in Burundi is not only to ensure high produc-tivity of agricultural plants, but also to promote the reproduction of soil fertility, the economical use of resources, and the environmental safety of agriculture. Achieving the set goals is possible by ob-serving a specific reclamation regime. This regime consists of a set of requirements for controlled factors that ensure harmonious coexistence and functioning of the landscape space and agro-cenoses in the Republic of Burundi. The purpose of this research is to determine whether climate analysis data can be used to support the reclamation regime of irrigated lands in the Republic of Burundi. This will be achieved by comparing the climate analysis data with data obtained from direct obser-vations at meteorological stations located within the Republic of Burundi, and assessing the reliabil-ity of the results

Фосфатмобилизующие микроорганизмы сельскохозяйственных растений аридных экосистем Астраханской области

Crop productivity and yield are negatively affected by the deficiency of phosphorus in agricultural soil. Phosphate fertilizers are widely used to improve crop yields globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase plant-available phosphorus in soil using feasible environmentally friendly technologies. Isolation and screening of strains with increased phosphate-solubilzing activity are necessary stages of research to intensify the phosphorus nutrition of plants by presowing inoculation of seeds with effective microorganisms. 50 isolates of microorganisms (49 bacterial and 1 yeast) were isolated from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of agricultural plants in arid ecosystems of the Astrakhan region. Bacterial isolates are morphologically represented by Gram-positive spore-forming (3 pcs.) and non-spore-forming (43 pcs.) rod-like bacteria and cocci (3 pcs.). Preliminary screening of phosphate solubilization by isolates on solid nutrient media revealed a group of 6 isolates with maximum specific phosphate mobilization (the specific phosphate mobilization coefficient – Kr –value was 2.0–6.9 units) and the ability to reduce the pH of the medium. Determination of the dynamics of mobile phosphate content allowed us to identify an isolate capable of maintaining the mobile phosphorus amount at up to 6 μmol/ml and lowering in pH up to 4.73 in the medium. The studied isolate should be recommended as the basis of a biological preparation for optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants.

Determination of the Short-Term Drought Stress Tolerance of Three Barley Varieties Using Physiological and Biochemical Changes

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important agricultural plant that can adapt to stress conditions. Abiotic stress factors significantly reduce growth, photosynthetic efficiency and metabolic processes in barley. Drought stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, and the antioxidant defense system reduces damage caused by overproduction of ROS. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and biochemical effects of short-term drought stress on some barley cultivars (Kalaycı-97, Harman and Yaprak) grown in Turkey. In 21-day-old seedlings, short-term drought stress decreased the total chlorophyll content. The amount of total protein reduced in the Harman variety, while it increased by 19% in Kalaycı-97 and 27% in Yaprak. The H2O2 content decreased in Yaprak while increasing by 76% in the Kalaycı-97 variety. It was demonstrated that TBARS levels increased by 62% in Kalaycı-97 and 26% in Yaprak. In other ways, while drought stress caused a 48% decrease in APX activity in Kalaycı-97, it caused a 42% and 20% increase in APX activity in Harman and Yaprak, respectively. However, in Kalaycı-97 and Yaprak, CAT increased by 48% and 69%, respectively. These results indicate that Yaprak genotype is tolerant, Kalaycı-97 sensitive and Harman moderately tolerant to short term drought stress.

On the Anniversary of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Stanislav Ivanovich Grib

Stanislav Ivanovich Grib, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, an Honored Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, a Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus, an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Belarus, a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, a talented Belarusian scientist in the field of plant breeding, known in the country and abroad, the leader of the Belarusian scientific school in the area of breeding and seed production, an experienced organizer of agricultural science, turned 80 years old on August 6, 2024. He was the first in Belarus to scientifically substantiate and implement in practice a new scientific direction, that is, breeding of intensive varieties of grain crops with a yield of 10-12 t/ha of grain; developed methods for broadening genetic diversity and identifying genotypes that combine high productivity and good product quality with tolerance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors; substantiated the parameters of the model of intensive varieties; created and introduced into production systems of highly productive, resource-saving varieties of barley, triticale, and spring wheat. The results of his research have been published in more than 700 scientific works, including 12 monographs, books and textbooks. Stanislav Ivanovich is the author of eight inventions and 89 varieties of agricultural plants. Academician S.I. Grib, the leader of the scientific school of plant breeding in Belarus, trained four doctors and twelve candidates of science. S.I. Grib's achievements have been recognized abroad. He was elected a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, an Honorary Professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the European Association of Plant Breeders (EUCARPIA), and an Honorary Doctor of the Belarusian Agricultural Academy (BSAA). Stanislav Ivanovich was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, a diploma of the Supreme Council of the BSSR, medals and diplomas of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements, honorary diplomas of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus, and the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agriculture.

Towards a paradigm shift in the fuctions of biologically active agents: herbicide-mediated hormesis

One of the most important points to which I pay particularly close attention in this paper is the action of biologically active chemicals (BACs) in the living things. Theoretically, the action of BACs manifests itself in four stages, which are determined by the doses from the smallest to the largest: absence of visible effects, stimulation of biochemical and growth processes, inhibition of growth processes and death of the living things. Today, scientific research is mainly focused on the second stage of BACs action. At the same time, using of herbicides (killers of unwanted plants) in agriculture give evidens that they stimulate the growth of beneficial plants. The paradigm of only the stimulating action of BACs should be replaced by the paradigm of events at all four stages of BACs action in living organisms. The article proposes the mechanisms of events at all four stages of BACs action. The main focus is on redox reactions. Mechanisms of transformation of inactive BACs into reactive agents in endogenous redox reactions are described. This article also aims to focus the discussion on the analysis of the diversity of mechanisms underlying the action of natural and synthetic chemical agents.

Purification of Liquid Fraction of Digestates from Different Origins-Comparison of Polymeric and Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membranes Used for This Purpose.

Circular economy, clean technologies, and renewable energy are key to climate protection and modern environmental technology. Recovering water and valuable minerals from the liquid fraction of digestate is in line with this strategy. Digestate, a byproduct of anaerobic methane fermentation in biogas plants, is a potential source of water, minerals for fertilizers, and energy rather than waste. This study examined digestate from municipal and agricultural biogas plants and highlights the need for research on both due to their differences. The use of membrane techniques for water recovery from liquid digestate offers an innovative alternative to conventional methods. This study used standalone membrane filtration and an integrated system to produce water suitable for agricultural use. Ceramic membranes with cut-offs of 1, 5, 15, and 50 kDa and polymeric membranes of polyethersulfone and regenerated cellulose with cut-offs of 10 and 30 kDa were tested. The results showed that the membrane material significantly affects the transport and separation properties. Higher cut-off values increased permeate flux across all membranes. Ceramic membranes were more susceptible to fouling in standalone ultrafiltration, but were more effective in purifying digestate than polymeric membranes. The best results were obtained with a ceramic membrane with a 1 kDa cut-off (for example, for the integrated process and the municipal digestate, the retention rates of COD, BOD5 and DOC were 69%, 62%, and 75%, respectively).

Studying the composition and anti-radiation properties of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in wheat seeds

Aim. The purpose of the research was to study the chemical composition, develop methods for obtaining an extract from the leaves of Salvia officinalis L. and study their anti-radiation properties of irradiated wheat seeds of the Guneshli variety. Methods. Using qualitative reactions and chromatography, the content of lipids, essential oils, diterpene acids, phenolic compounds, macro- and microelements in plants was determined. Wheat seeds were irradiated using a URI installation (K-25) at a dose rate of 13.4 rad/sec, at a dose of 200 Gy. The amount of chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde was measured using a spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves was determined using a MINI-PAM device. Results. According to the results of morphological and physiological-biochemical parameters of seedlings, 0.01 % and 0.001 % Salvia officinalis extract has a positive effect on growth and development, increases the maximum quantum yield of PS II and reduces the yield of lipid peroxidation product. Conclusions. It has been established that Salvia officinalis extract has a radioprotective effect and can be used as a radioprotector for some agricultural plants.

Anthropogenic landscape features affect the ground habitat use of Penelope superciliaris (Cracidae), a large seed disperser bird in southeastern Brazil

AbstractThe expansion of agriculture and forest plantations over tropical biomes has caused significant species loss, while others persist in remnant native areas and anthropogenic lands. Penelope superciliaris, a large seed disperser bird, inhabits human‐modified landscapes; however, its habitat use is poorly known. We investigated how native land covers, distance to water sources, and anthropogenic landscape features affect the species' ground habitat use in disturbed and undisturbed areas of three landscapes in Southeastern Brazil. We expected the species to use the ground more in native areas and near water sources because of the higher habitat quality. We collected presence‐absence data during two dry seasons at 205 sampling stations with camera traps. Using occupancy models, we calculated the cumulative AICc weights of covariates for occupancy (interpreted as probability of use, Ψ) and detection (interpreted as frequency of use, p) parameters. The proportion of managed forests negatively influenced the species' frequency of use. The probability of use was higher when camera trap stations were located on unpaved roads. Model averaged prediction showed that the species uses about 56% of the landscapes. Our results suggest that intensively managed forests are not favorable or attractive habitats for the species. Unpaved roads associated with native vegetation edges may provide valuable habitats for the species during the dry season, possibly associated with movement and resource tracking. These findings may help guide conservation strategies in such modified landscapes, with caution in considering unpaved roads as secure habitats until further data on population abundance are available.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

Plant Agency in the Guianas: Attraction, Assault, and Animacy

This article uses ethnographic and ethnobotanical methods to examine relationships between animate and agentive plants and human beings among the Makushi, Pemon, Karinya, and other Indigenous and mixed-Indigenous peoples in the Guianas. It considers representations of these plants and related ontologies in the archival record and contrasts these accounts with more recent ethnographic descriptions based on the authors’ fieldwork across Guyana and Venezuela. It thinks about these plants as agentive beings (with regard to animist ontologies and sometimes physical properties) within a variety of contexts. Today, the territories of these Indigenous peoples tessellate with extractive frontiers, which center around gold, diamond, and bauxite mining, as well as oil prospecting, forestry, and plantation agriculture. In this context, these plants emerge as active and animate agents. They also emerge as such agents in contexts of subsistence, shamanism, and assault sorcery, as well as sexual and romantic attraction, which can act with or without human impetus. The question arises as to the nature of the relationships between such plants and their users, for example, shamans ( piaimen), assault sorcerers ( kanaima), hunters, gardeners, and miners, within a variety of contexts. Based on the authors’ long-term fieldwork, the article examines animate plants and argues that they evince special botanical agencies among the Indigenous communities with whom the authors have worked in the Guianas. How are animate plants positioned within these practices and contexts? And how do they exert agency therein as plant persons?

Measuring the Ecosystem Services Value of Kalimpong District (West Bengal), India with Respect to Land Use Land Cover Dynamicity

Ecosystem services may be defined as profits human gain from ecosystems and it provided four major categories of ecosystem services like cultural, regulating, provisioning, and supporting service also known as ecological integrity. Ecosystem is the main base for creation of service which is essential for people benefits. In this paper, LULC map of the district are prepared by satellite image landsat-5 for 1991 and landsat-8 for 2021 using ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. The district is characterised by seven categories of LULC like water bodies, build up area, agriculture land, agriculture plantation, agriculture fallow land, social forestry and forest. Forest cover area and agriculture plantation of district were reduced from 1991 to 2021 because forest cover area was 51.47 % in 1991 and 36.94 % in 2021 and area of agriculture plantation was 9.81% in 1991 and 7.49 % in 2021. The LULC map was applied along with coefficient of ecosystem service values of biomes that propounded by Costanza and his group 1997 and 2014 to understand the spatio-temporal transformation in the value of ecosystem service of landscape. The paper represents a total of US$ 3.83 million of ecosystem services was decreased as per Costanza and his group, 1997 and US$ 1.37 million of ecosystem services was increased as per Costanza and his group, 2014 due to LULC transformation from 1991 to 2021. Ecosystem service value of forest cover area was reduced. Coefficient of sensitivity analysis applied to evaluate the reliability of ecosystem service value and finally the output results are more reliable due to the value of coefficient of sensitivity is <1 that indicates inelastic.

Untargeted Metabolomics and Soil Community Metagenomics Analyses Combined with Machine Learning Evaluation Uncover Geographic Differences in Ginseng from Different Locations.

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, known as the "King of Herbs," has been used as a nutritional supplement for both food and medicine with the functions of relieving fatigue and improving immunity for thousands of years in China. In agricultural planting, soil environments of different geographical origins lead to obvious differences in the quality of ginseng, but the potential mechanism of the differences remains unclear. In this study, 20 key differential metabolites, including ginsenoside Rb1, glucose 6-phosphate, etc., were found in ginseng from 10 locations in China using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS)-untargeted metabolomics approach. The soil properties were analyzed and combined with metagenomics technology to explore the possible relationships among microbial elements in planting soil. Through Spearman correlation analysis, it was found that the top 10 microbial colonies with the highest abundance in the soil were significantly correlated with key metabolites. In addition, the relationship model established by the random forest algorithm and the quantitative relationship between soil microbial abundance and ginseng metabolites were successfully predicted. The XGboost model was used to determine 20(R)-ginseng Rg2 and 2'(R)-ginseng Rg3 as feature labeled metabolites, and the optimal ginseng production area was discovered. These results prove that the accumulation of metabolites in ginseng was influenced by microorganisms in the planting soil, which led to geographical differences in ginseng quality.

Genetic diversity, essential oil's chemical constituents of aromatic plant Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. and its uses in crop protection: a review.

This review provides evidence on the genetic diversity, chemical constituents, and ecotoxicology of Mesosphaerum suaveolens ' essential oil. It emphasizes the agricultural benefits such as crop protection effectiveness of the plant and highlights the existing knowledge gaps and research perspectives to promote its utilization in agriculture. A systematic and extensive review of the literature was done and all pertinent full-text articles and abstracts were analyzed and incorporated into the review. Mesosphaerum suaveolens is used traditionally in pharmacology to treat several diseases such as malaria, constipation, stomach problems, and renal inflammation. It also treats cramps, digestive infections, headaches, and skin infections. To date, very few studies have been conducted worldwide about its genetic diversity. These studies highlighted three morphological variants, the blue-flowering, the white-flowering, and the light-purple flowering M. suaveolens. Its wide biological actions may be attributed to the numerous groups of chemical constituents in its essential oil including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. Biological studies highlighted evidence of M. suaveolens being used as an antifungal, bactericidal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and repellent plant. The essential oil extracted from M. suaveolens showed significant potential for the control of agricultural pests such as Sitiophilus zeamais, Helicoverpa armigera and Helminthosporium oryzae. M. suaveolens is commonly used worldwide as a pesticidal plant in healthcare, agriculture, and food preservation. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the toxicity and effectiveness of isolated potent phytotoxic substances, the efficacy screening in the field, the genetic diversity, the essential oil yield, and productivity. Consequently, further studies are required to fill the knowledge gaps.

Covering the land with oil palm: revelation, value, and landownership among the Kairak‐speaking Baining of Papua New Guinea

AbstractThis article explores how a displaced Papua New Guinean people decided to lease their customary land for oil palm plantation farming to restore their land use rights and resolve ongoing disputes with migrant settlers. By transforming the landscape into a territorialized space as a plantation, Kairak‐speaking Baining hoped to gain actual landownership status and control over their land, which in turn, they believed, could bring them the development they had long dreamed of. I argue that Kairak conceptions about the plantation as a tool to reveal their landownership and remove the settlers drew on Melanesian notions about covering and revelation, changing perceptions of value, and discourse around ‘settlerhood’ and ‘nativism’, and show how agribusiness capital expansion strategies leverage regional politics of identity and autochthony. By illustrating how the plantation expansion unfolded differently in this region, the material offers new insights on the Plantationocene, global land grabs, dispossession and migration, and reaffirms the consequences reported elsewhere in the world where enclosures of exclusion lead to forceful rearrangements of people's social and economic lives, leaving their hopes and plantation promises unrealized.