Plant Tuber Research Articles

Pharmacological Activities of Dioscorea spp.: A Narrative Review

Pharmacological research has become essential for the development of nature-based drugs to support the claimed therapeutic properties of medicinal plants. Dioscorea species are medicinal plants found to have an impressive pharmacological profile. This review aims to compile the pharmacological properties of three Dioscorea species, D. hispida, D. alata and D. bulbifera and their derived compounds through scientific findings, mainly focusing on the biological activities. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies on the pharmacological properties of these plants were identified, screened, and analysed. A systematic search using predetermined keywords on electronic databases (Scopus, Springer and ScienceDirect) was conducted. This review found these Dioscorea species to possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and estrogenic effects. The plant tubers contain active compounds such as diosgenin that is responsible for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities in D. alata and D. bulbifera, respectively. Other compounds like dioscorine, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid elucidated from the yam tubers were found to be antimicrobial and showed prominent free radical scavenging effects. The plants demonstrated various pharmacological activities although data on their mechanisms of action is very limited. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the full potential of these plants as future therapeutic medicines.

The Effect of Temperature on Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Moisture Content and Drying Rate Using a Tray Dryer

Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a tuber plant originating from Indonesia. This plant is less well known compared to other tuber plants. Porang has various important uses, especially in the food and industrial sectors. Indonesia ranks 5th as the largest supplier of porang in the world. Drying porang is an important stage in the post-harvest processing of porang plants. The drying process must be done carefully so as not to damage the quality of the porang. The right drying method, appropriate drying temperature, and humidity control must be considered to achieve optimal drying results. A tray dryer is a drying device that contains shelves to store the material being dried. Drying with this tool uses hot air gusts that are passed over the material being dried. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of drying temperature variations on the moisture content and drying rate of porang using a laboratory-scale tray dryer. Drying is carried out on stick-shaped porang with a thickness of 1 cm and a total weight of 125 grams. The temperature variations in this drying are 50OC, 60OC, and 70OC, with a drying air speed 1 m/s. The research results show that the higher the drying air temperature in the tray dryer, the lower the moisture content in the porang and the faster the drying rate. When the drying air speed and porang thickness are constant, the optimal porang drying temperature is 70OC.

SENSORY QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SHALLOTS CRISP ENRICHED RED BEETROOT PASTE (Beta vulgaris L.)

Shallots crisp is one type of traditional Indonesian food that is favoured by the wider community. Currently, public awareness of healthy food is increasing, including in choosing snacks. Red beetroot is a tuber plant that has the advantage of being a natural coloring agent and a source of antioxidants. Aims of this study were to determine the antioxidant activity and sensory test of shallots crips with the addition of beetroot paste at various concentrations. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design. The treatment used was making shallots crips using 200 g of flour added with a concentration of beetroot paste with a concentration of F1=20%, F2=30%, F3=40%, F4=50%, and F5=60%. Repetition was carried out 3 times to obtain 15 trials. The analysis carried out was the hedonic test, the description test on organoleptic including color, aroma, taste and texture as well as testing the antioxidant activity and water content of the Shallots cripss added with red beetroot paste. The results showed that the addition of red beetroot paste had a significant effect (p<0.05) on antioxidant activity, water content, description test and hedonic test for color, aroma, taste and texture. This research recommends F3 treatment as the best treatment alternative considering its antioxidant activity (58.26%); moisture content (3.40%); color description 4.44 (purplish red), onion and beetroot cake aroma description 3.52 (normal/typical), savory taste description 3.27 (normal/typical), texture description 3.29 (normal/typical) and hedonic with a color score of 3.99 (likes), aroma 3.81 (likes), taste 4.27 (likes) and texture 4.10 (likes).

Evaluation of Molecular Markers and Morphology In Identification of Local Porang Strain in Karawang District

Porang plant tubers have the potential to have high economic value, because they contain glucomannan which is good for health and can be processed into a food source to replace carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to identify Karawang Local Porang strains using molecular markers and morphological characters as an effort to conserve and utilize Karawang's local biological resources. Exploration of Local Porang Karawang was carried out at the foot of Mount Sanggabuana which is the habitat of Porang in Karawang district. Molecular identification was carried out at BBPP Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources with comparisons of Porang Sidrat., Madiun 1 and SS1 Bulukumba varieties. Morphological identification was carried out at the Basic Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University. Based on the results of the DNA amplification of the Porang samples using four RAPD primers, it was found that the three primers showed differences in banding patterns between the Porang Karawang sample and the three Porang varieties for comparison (Porang Madiun 1 Sidrap and SS1 Bulukumba). This shows that there is genetic variation between Porang from Karawang and three other Porang. The results of genetic relationship analysis using four RAPD primers showed that the Porang Karawang sample was different from the Porang samples from the other two areas. The morphological identification results showed differences in characteristics with the comparison. The Karawang Local Porang variety has high quality as indicated by high glucomannan levels of 79.80%.

Plant Regeneration via Organogenesis in Jerusalem Artichokes and Comparative Analysis of Endogenous Hormones and Antioxidant Enzymes in Typical and Atypical Shoots.

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a tuberous plant with considerable nutrient and bioactive compounds. The optimization of the in vitro clonal propagation protocol is critical for large-scale reproduction and biotechnological applications of Jerusalem artichoke production. In this work, in vitro plant regeneration from the stem nodes of the Jerusalem artichoke via direct organogenesis is presented. In the shoot induction stage, the stem segments produced more shoots with vigorous growth on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). The concentrations of 6-BA and gibberellic acid (GA3) were both optimized at 0.5 mg/L for shoot multiplication, and the combination of 0.05 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.05 mg/L 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was the most responsive for root induction, yielding the largest number of roots. The regenerated plantlets were successfully hardened at a 96% survival rate and vigorously grew in the field. The genetic stability of the regenerated plants was confirmed by flow cytometry and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. However, 17.3% of shoots on the optimum shoot induction medium had withered leaves and excessive callus (atypical shoots), which greatly reduced the induction efficiency. Enzyme activity in the typical and atypical shoots was compared. The atypical shoots had significantly higher levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as increased activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas the content of 6-BA, zeatin (ZT), and GA3 was significantly reduced. The activity of the three enzymes was positively correlated with the content of IAA and ABA, while being negatively correlated with that of 6-BA, ZT, and GA3. The results suggest that the poor growth of the atypical shoots might be closely related to the significant accumulation of endogenous IAA and ABA, thus significantly increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.

Protein and sugar content of tubers in potato plants treated with biostimulants

Protein and sugar content of tubers in potato plants treated with biostimulants

Yenilebilir yılan pancarı (Arum maculatum) yumru tozu enkapsülasyonu

Cuckoopint (Arum maculatum), an edible wild plant species, grows in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. The aerial parts of the plant are consumed as food. The plant's tubers are used in traditional folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. When consumed fresh, the plant's tubers have a toxic effect, and the dried form is safe if it does not exceed a certain amount. Tuber powders can also have a poisonous effect when taken in excessive amounts accidentally and unconsciously. In this study, it was investigated whether it is possible to prepare the powder obtained by drying the tubers of the edible wild plant A. maculatum by encapsulating it with chitosan, an edible, biocompatible, mucoadhesive polysaccharide, in specific doses. A. maculatum-chitosan microcapsules were prepared with A. maculatum tuber powder and chitosan. The effects of medium parameters such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the microcapsules' structural integrity and release properties were investigated. Encapsulation of tuber powders prepared in specific formulations into microcapsules can help prevent accidental overdose by the public. Commercial storage, transport, and marketing of cuckoopint tuber powder may be possible through encapsulation.

Expected yield and economic improvements of a yam seed system in West Africa using agro‐physiological modelling

Societal Impact StatementYam is a major tropical root crop and a staple food for millions of people in West Africa. The model used in this study shows that promoting the use of improved seed tubers would help increase yields and profitability for farmers. This could lead to improved food security, increased income and higher standards of living. Additionally, the model serves as a useful decision‐support tool for farmers and technicians to choose, depending on the species, the optimum seed‐tuber weight and planting date. This study provides agronomic arguments to justify investments in the improvement of yam planting materials in West Africa.Summary Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major tropical root crop, grown mainly in West Africa using traditional extensive techniques. Farmers typically reuse seed tubers by setting aside up to 30% of their production for the next season, leading to high planting material variability that affects yields. Several initiatives aim to promote the use of improved seed tubers. However, to help their adoption, it is necessary to quantify the agronomic and economic advantages. To address this, a model for individual plant growth and development was developed based on six experiments in Benin from 2007 to 2009. This model simulates the combined effect of emergence (through photoperiod and temperature) and seed‐tuber weight on yam plant growth and development. Its predictions were highly correlated with observed plant tuber yield (R2 > 0.83). Results highlight the crucial role of key processes such as seed‐tuber physiological age and photoperiod sensitivity. The study shows that for the traditional planting dates, the use of improved planting material could lead to a yield increase of 22%–27% and a gain in profitability of 30% and 40% for Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata, respectively. The model proved to be a useful decision‐support tool for choosing an optimum seed‐tuber weight, depending on the species and the planting date. This study validates investments in yam seed systems in West Africa. However, beyond seed size and health, other factors such as dormancy, storage time and their management need to be considered to address emergence heterogeneity and its impact on yield.

Agronomic and hormonal approaches for enhancing flowering intensity in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.).

Developing novel white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) varieties is constrained by the sparse, erratic, and irregular flowering behavior of most genotypes. We tested the effectiveness of nine agronomic and hormonal treatments to enhance flowering on D. rotundata under field conditions. Genotypes responded differently to flower-inducing treatments (p<0.001). Of the test treatments, pruning and silver thiosulfate (STS) were effective in increasing the number of spikes per plant and the flowering intensity on both sparse flowering and monoecious cultivars. STS and tuber removal treatments promoted female flowers on the monoecious variety while pruning and most treatments involving pruning favored male flowers. None of the treatments induced flowering on Danacha, a non-flowering yam landrace. Flower-enhancing treatments had no significant effect on flower fertility translated by the fruit set, since most treatments recorded fruit sets above the species' average crossability rate. Flower-enhancing techniques significantly influenced number of tubers per plant (p = 0.024) and tuber dry matter content (DMC, p = 0.0018) but did not significantly affect plant tuber yield. Nevertheless, treatments that could enhance substantially flowering intensity, such as pruning and STS, reduced tuber yield. DMC had negative associations with all flowering-related traits. This study provided insights into white yam flower induction and suggests promising treatments that can be optimized and used routinely to increase flowering in yam crop, without significantly affecting flower fertility and tuber yield.

The Genome-Wide Identification of Stable Internal Reference Genes Related to Delayed Spoilage for Accurate qRT-PCR Normalization in Ethephon-Treated Pueraria thomsonii Benth.

Pueraria thomsonii Benth. is a perennial leguminous vine with medicinal and nutritional value. However, rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) reduces its quality and market value. To detect gene expression levels, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique requires stable internal reference genes (IRGs). Our findings indicated that an ethephon (C2H6ClO3P) treatment delayed PPD in P. thomsonii tuberous roots and an RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To find stable IRGs for the further identification of the genes associated with delayed PPD in P. thomsonii, eight candidate IRGs of the tuberous roots were screened and assessed using qRT-PCR. The expression stability of these genes was determined and ranked using five different algorithms, including NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, GeNorm, and ReFinder. Consequently, we identified two genes, PtUBC10 and PtACT7, as the best candidate IRGs for qRT-PCR normalization in P. thomsonii, both exposed to ethephon treatment and in different tissues. Moreover, PtUBC10 was found to be the most stably expressed IRG of P. thomsonii during the ethephon treatment. The findings of this investigation furnish significant insights for future gene expression analyses concerning the delay of PPD via ethephon administration, which could also be used in other tuberous plants.

Tuber development and propagation are inhibited by GA3 effects on the DELLA-dependent pathway in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

AbstractPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a globally distributed noxious weed that poses a significant challenge for control due to its fast and efficient propagation through the tuber, which is the primary reproductive organ. Gibberellic acid (GA3) has proven to be crucial for tuberization in tuberous plants. Therefore, understanding the relationship between GA3 and tuber development and propagation of C. rotundus will provide valuable information for controlling this weed. This study shows that the GA3 content decreases with tuber development, which corresponds to lower expression of bioactive GA3 synthesis genes (CrGA20ox, two CrGA3ox genes) and two upregulated GA3 catabolism genes (CrGA2ox genes), indicating that GA3 is involved in tuber development. Simultaneously, the expression of two CrDELLA genes and CrGID1 declines with tuber growth and decreased GA3, and yeast two-hybrid assays confirm that the GA3 signaling is DELLA-dependent. Furthermore, exogenous application of GA3 markedly reduces the number and the width of tubers and represses the growth of the tuber chain, further confirming the negative impact that GA3 has on tuber development and propagation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GA3 is involved in tuber development and regulated by the DELLA-dependent pathway in C. rotundus and plays a negative role in tuber development and propagation.

Growth and production of japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) by using plastic mulch and biofertilizer

Japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) production in Indonesia is around 20 tons/hectare, but it is still relatively low due to the low level of farmer management including fertilizing and watering especially in dry season. We determined the effect of plastic mulch and biofertilizer on the growth and production of japanese taro plants. This research used a split plot design. The main plot was plastic mulch consist of two levels, namely control and plastic mulch, while the sub-plots were biofertilizer, which consist of two levels: control and biofertilizer; and with four replications. Each plot planted with 22 plants. Parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, fresh plant top weight, dry plant top weight, plant tuber yield, and number of tubers. The results are plastic mulch treatment had an effect on plant height with the largest average found in the mulch treatment of 55.98 cm, the largest average leaf width in the mulch treatment was 25.09 cm, the average fresh weight of the mulch plant was 197.03 g, and the average dry weight of mulch plants was 22.50 g. The biofertilizer treatment affected significantly on plant height, leaf number, and leaf width. Mulch was affects significantly on production of taro plants with the highest of weight of 881.50g/plant equal to 22 t/ha, and number of tubers found in the mulch treatment of 32 bulbs. However, the biofertilizer treatment was not significant in the production of taro plants. We conclude that the plastic mulch can increase the growth, yield and number of tubers, better than the biofertilizer and the combination of its combination especially in the dry season.

New potential roles of StDREB1 and VvWRKY2 transcription factors in potato dormancy and sprouting patterns

In a previous study, transgenic potato plants overexpressing the StDREB1 or the VvWRKY2 transcription factor (TF) proved to have higher productivity and ameliorated tuber quality in comparison to wildtype (WT; the BF15 variety) plants. Interestingly, when stored at 4 °C, we noticed that the tubers of transgenic potato plants exhibited a delay in sprouting, hence a longer dormancy period. Therefore, we decided to study the dormancy and sprouting of these tubers (the two transgenic and the WT lines) through a physiological and biochemical characterization. WT and genetically modified (GM) tubers were stored at 4 °C for different periods (0, 30, 90, 180, and 240 days) followed by placing them in a germination chamber and the sprouting parameters were then monitored. According to our findings, the overexpression of these two TFs led to modifications in the sprouting kinetic of tubers through an extension of the dormancy period and changes in the sprouting process. Indeed, WT tubers emitted apical and lateral sprouts while those from GM plants showed mainly apical sprouts. In addition, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) rates, indicators of tuber aging, were recorded in WT tubers compared to GM ones. The higher antioxidant enzyme activities in GM tubers seem to be responsible for aging modification in comparison to WT. The above results suggest the first report on new roles of the StDREB1 and VvWRKY2 TF which seemed to be involved in the regulation of potato tuber aging via a reduction of the main biochemical factors concentration and the ROS content leading to a longer dormancy period and a modified sprouting pattern.

Genetic diversity analysis of Indian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions using morphological and molecular markers

Thirty cassava accessions, including released and pre-release varieties in India were selected for morphological, statistical and molecular analysis to evaluate their genetic divergence. Based on ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), significant differences were observed in thirty genotypes for the fifteen characters used in the study. Most of the characters such as plant height, stem weight plant−1, number of leaves plant−1 and mean weight of tuber exhibited high GCV and PCV along with a positive correlation to tuber yield plant−1. Path analysis showed that stem weight plant−1, number of tubers plant−1, number of leaves plant−1, leaf dry matter content and number of nodes plant−1 directly affected tuber yield plant−1. The genotypes were then grouped into nine clusters following Mahalanobis’ D2 statistics with clusters IV and VIII recording the maximum inter-cluster distance, which gave an idea about the diversity prevailing among them. PCA analysis showed that stem girth, number of nodes and tuber yield plant−1 accounted for greater variability among the genotypes. Molecular analysis using SSR markers showed polymorphism for eighteen markers and molecular dendrogram clustering grouped the genotypes into three principal clusters with different subclusters. Overall, the study highlights the genomic diversity of cassava accessions and provides valuable insights into their characteristics and yield potential.

Synthetic Fertilizer Application Coupled with Bioslurry Optimizes Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Growth and Yield

Biogas bioslurry, which is normally a bio-digestion product from livestock refuse, can be utilized as an inorganic fertilizer, thus boosting not only soil fertility but also crop growth and yield. Its use can mitigate climate change by reducing methane gas emissions, which are associated with the direct application of fresh animal manure. The current study was carried out on farmer’s fields based at Wusi-Kishamba and Werugha wards in Taita Taveta County, Kenya, and it aimed at investigating the effect of bioslurry coupled with synthetic fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and yield. There were four treatments: sole bioslurry, sole fertilizer (DAP), bioslurry + DAP, and control, which were replicated five times in a randomized, complete block-designed layout. Data were collected on plant growth (plant height and leaf length) and yield (marketable and unmarketable tubers and the number of tubers plant−1). The results indicated a general increase in plant height from week one to week seven, where peak values were noted with sole slurry, sole fertilizer, and bioslurry + DAP treatments, which recorded 9, 18, and 43% taller plants, respectively, relative to control. Further, the combined application of bioslurry and DAP fertilizer significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved potato growth and yield. For instance, there was a higher (23.3 t ha−1) yield in bioslurry + DAP treatment compared to the respective least record of 14.2 t ha−1 in control. Therefore, the study recommends a synergistic application of synthetic fertilizer (DAP) and bioslurry to potato crops for optimal crop growth and production.

Impact of Thermal Processing on the Composition of Curcuma longa Rhizome.

Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), known as turmeric, is a perennial tuberous plant from the genus Curcuma, which includes about 100 plant species. The chemical composition of the turmeric rhizome is very diverse. Diarylheptanoid derivatives, also known as curcuminoids (of which curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are the most important representatives), are the major active constituents of the plant rhizome. Many extracts used in the food and pharmaceutical industries are produced from thermally processed rhizome, when there are significant changes in the composition of the main compounds. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare how the type of thermal treatment affects the content of curcuminoids and the antioxidant properties of the rhizome. The plant material was subjected to three different methods of thermal processing-microwave heating, boiling and frying in different time intervals. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the processed rhizome was evaluated using LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) and spectrophotometric methods (a DPPH test and TPC assay). Obtained results revealed that curcumin was the major curcuminoid present in all samples (113.92 mg/g of the fresh rhizome). Significant correlation between the type and time of the thermal processing and the composition of turmeric samples was revealed. A traditional boiling process lasting for 10 min was the most beneficial process in terms of the curcuminoid content (204 mg/g of curcumin) and antioxidant activity of the samples.

The influence of water-soluble secretions of saffron seed on the germination of seeds of soft winter wheat varieties

Due to climate change, there is a need to introduce new crops into agricultural production in Ukraine, among which Crocus sativus L., a herbaceous perennial tuberous plant, whose allopathic properties have been insufficiently studied, can take a leading place. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of water-soluble flower secretions and their individual elements on the initial stages of seed germination of two winter durum wheat varieties (Vidrada and Koshova). In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: laboratory research, analysis, synthesis and statistical. It was found that water-soluble extracts of flowers of different states and elements of C. sativus flowers do not have a significant effect on the morphometric and quality parameters of wheat kernels during germination. Water-soluble secretions of flowers of different states have an inhibitory effect on the development of the root system; secretions of the bud and the bloomed flower inhibit the growth of coleoptiles. The effect of water-soluble secretions of sowing saffron flowers elements has varietal peculiarities: for winter wheat seedlings of Vidrada variety, the petals have a stimulating effect on the total length of roots and their weight; for seedlings of Koshova variety, the opposite effect is observed. The water-soluble secretions of petals and stamens have a stimulating effect on the coleoptile of Vidrada plants, and the water-soluble secretions of petals have a stimulating effect on Koshova seedlings. The correlation between the length of roots and coleoptile under the influence of watersoluble secretions of flowers of different states and their elements, as well as the index of allelopathy have varietal characteristics. The obtained scientific results will contribute to the development of agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of saffron in Ukraine, selection of winter wheat varieties for joint cultivation and use of plant residues as biological stimulants

IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF PORANG PLANTS (AMORPHOPHALLUS MUELLERI BLUME) IN KUMPEH ULU DISTRICT, MUARO JAMBI REGENCY

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a group of tuber plants that are useful as food and medicine so that they have bright prospects for development. In Jambi Province, especially in Muaro Jambi Regency, porang plants are found growing wild among duku trees. This study aims to determine the morphological character of porang plants and to determine the level of diversity and kinship of porang plants found in Kumpeh Ulu District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out from August to September 2021, in 18 villages located in the Kumpeh Ulu District. The research was conducted using a non-experimental descriptive method with proportionate stratified random sampling, and the sample was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. The morphological identification of porang plants from 18 villages in Kumpeh Ulu District showed similarities in bulbil shape, bulbil surface colour, bulbil surface texture, bulbil flesh colour, leaf shape and petiole colour. However, there were differences in leaf colour, tuber flesh colour, tuber surface texture and tuber shape.

A Check List on Wild Nutraceutical Tuberous Plants of India

A Check List on Wild Nutraceutical Tuberous Plants of India

Effect of Treatment with Growth Regulators Gibberellic Acid and CPPU on some Vegetative Traits and Yield of Three Potato Cultivars Solanum tuberesom L.

The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit for the spring season 2019 within an area with longitude (43.35 degrees east of Greenwich) and latitude (34.27 degrees north of the equator), to study the effect of treating potato tubers by soaking with gibberellin before planting and spraying with growth regulator CPPU with three levels for each of which (0, 5, 10) mg L−1 in some vegetative growth characteristics and yield characteristics, quantity and quality of three potato cultivars of class A (Barcelona, Laperla, Montreal). The experiment was implemented using split-split plot design within a design Random complete plots (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, the cultivars were placed in the main plot, dipping with gibberellin in the sub-plot, and spraying with CPPU in the sub-sub plot. The results shows that dipping with gibberellin makes significant differences in the leaves number and percentage of seeding that gave (158.98 plant leaf−1 and 7.21%) respectively. As for spraying with CPPU, it was superior in terms of the leaves number, the number of unmarketable tubers, the percentage of seedig and the percentage of protein, and the values were given (157.39 Plant leaf−1, 2.88 Tuber plant−1, 7.24%, and 6.59%) respectively. As for cultivars, the cultivar Laperla excelled in the following characteristics (the leaves number, the ratio of root weight to the weight of vegetative growth, and the percentage of seeding at harvest). The values were (203.05 plant leaf−1, 31.70%, and 5.59%), respectively. As for the double and triple interactions between the treatments, the increase was significant for all the traits taken for the study.