Plant Medium Research Articles

Effect of Different Growing Media on Growth Performance of Liberica Coffee Rootstock

Liberica coffee is a hardy perennial crop grown by smallholders as a monocrop or intercrop with coconut or other fruit trees. The current propagation method of Liberica coffee clones is based on grafting, which requires 7-8 months for rootstock to mature and another 7-8 months for planting. The current production manual suggests using a 1:1 ratio of soil to sand to produce matured Liberica coffee rootstock. Studies have shown that using a combination of planting media, such as rice husk charcoal and compost, can result in higher plant height, number of leaves, internodes, and leaf area. A combination of leaf manure, silt, straw, peat moss, and soil performed better than 100% soil due to better nutrients, water, and anchorage provision. Consequently, a study to assess the impacts of growing media on MKL 1 polyhybrid as rootstock was carried out. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Treatment consist of T1 = soil + sand (1:1), T2 = soil + cocopeat (1:1), T3 = soil + peat moss + sand + cocopeat (1:1:1:1), T4 = soil + peat moss + cocopeat (2:1:1), T5 = soil + peat moss (3:1), T6 = soil + chicken manure (3:1) and T7 = soil + CIRP (10:1). Parameters evaluated in this study include plant height, leaves number, stem girth, SPAD, fresh root weight and dried root weight. The findings indicate that the treatments had a significant impact on girth, SPAD, and root fresh weight and these three parameters share significant positive association with one another. Girth performed best under T4 although fresh root weight and SPAD performed noticeably better under T3. Current recommended protocol for media performed significantly lower compared to other media. This study offers a new outlook on how to improve current protocol on Liberica coffee rootstock preparations.

Education on the use of compost blocks for chili cultivation for coastal sand farming groups

High temperatures in the land are one of the obstacles faced in cultivating chilies on coastal sand, resulting in nutrients being easily lost and not lasting long. An alternative solution to overcome this problem is to use compost block planting media. This service activity aims to provide knowledge and skills in utilizing agricultural waste for compost as a medium for planting chilies in beach sand. The service methods used are (1) Counseling and Focus Group Discussions about compost blocks; (2) training and demonstration on making block compost; (3) demonstration plot for the use of compost blocks for chili plants, and (4) monitoring and evaluation before, during, and after the activity takes place. The results of service activities show that partners are very enthusiastic about participating in all activities, as shown by an increase in partners' knowledge about compost blocks by 47%. There are 12% of chili plants that die when planted using compost blocks. Meanwhile, chili plants planted conventionally without compost blocks produced more dead plants, namely 30%.

Cultivation of Green Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L.) on Marginal Land

The research aims to determine the type of fertilizer and watering intensity that can provide optimal and effective growth and production of green mustard greens. The study was conducted in the Greenhouse of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung. It utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) arranged in a factorial 2 x 3 with three replications. The first factor was the application of fertilizer types, consisting of urea and ghally organic fertilizer. The second factor was the application of watering intensity, which included three levels (watering once a day, every two days, and every three days). The study used sand as the planting medium. The results showed that, in general, the treatment of watering once a day and the application of urea fertilizer provided optimum results in the growth and development of green mustard greens. Meanwhile, the application of ghally organic fertilizer was more efficient in terms of water consumption for green mustard greens. Keywords: Fertilizer Type, Green Mustard Greens, Marginal Land, Sand, Watering Intensity

OPTIMIZING MEDIA STERILIZATION VIA CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND AUTOCLAVING OF PAULOWNI MICROPROPAGATION

This study was aimed to investigat integrated system for in vitro growth of paulownia plants by assessing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as an alternative to autoclave in sterilizing culture medium. Therefore, this study was devised to compare autoclave sterilization at three different times (5, 10, and 15) minutes and three different concentrations of ClO2 (0, 0.4, 0,8, 1) mg/L. The results showed that, compared with (0.4) mg/L concentration, concentrations of (0.8 and 1) mg/L are more effective at sterilizing the culture medium. ClO2 sterilization improved individual single node growth more than autoclave sterilization. Since ClO2 is non-toxic, it could be used as a safe alternative to autoclave when propagating paulownia in vitro. Culture medium sterilization in the autoclave takes only 5 minutes, compared with the standard 15 minutes. At initiation stage, growing single nodes in the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) prepared with 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Adenine (BA) resulted in a 100% response rate, while doing the same in the Woody Plant Medium (WPM) resulted in a 20% response rate. The 1 BA + 0 a-Naphthalene Acetic Acid ( NAA) mg/L treatment was effective during vegetative multiplication stage, the highest average number of shoots produced by a plant treated with the mentioned concentration was 6.40 shoot per explant. During the rooting stage, Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2 mg/L was more effective than NAA, the typical number of roots produced by with 27.40 root per shoot. After two months in their natural environment, the plants' acclimatization rate was at a perfect 100%.

PENGARUH MACAM MEDIA TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MUCUNA BRACTEATA

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of planting media and doses of NPK fertilizer on the growth of Mucuna bracteata which had been carried out in the Instiper Yogyakarta educational and research garden (KP-2), located in Wedomertani village, Ngemplak district, Kab. Sleman, Yogyakarta, from February to May 2023. This research was a factorial experiment which was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor was the type of planting medium consisting of 4 levels of pure soil, 1:1 pure soil of cow manure, 1:1 pure soil of goat manure, 1:1 pure soil of rice husk compost. The second factor was the dose of NPK fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels of 0 g, 0.5 g, 0.75 g and 1 g. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Viriance) and DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) follow-up test of 5%. The results of the analysis showed that the growing medium for cow manure produced the best growth of Mucuna bracteta. The type of planting media on the parameters of the number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, number of root nodules, number of effective root nodules showed the same growth. The dose of NPK fertilizer showed that all parameters had the same effect on the growth of Mucuna bracteata.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Botol Plastik Sebagai Media Tanaman Hidroponik Kangkung Di SD Negeri Gunung Anyar 273

Waste is unused material that comes from humans, animals and plants in solid, liquid or gas form. The problem of plastik waste is a common phenomenon in Indonesia that needs to find a solution. This can be done by utilizing plastik waste for appropriate technology such as using plastik bottle waste to be used as a medium for hydroponic water spinach plants. This activity was carried out at SD Negeri Gunung Anyar 273 with the aim of increasing students' knowledge regarding hydroponic water spinach plants and the use of plastik bottle waste as a medium for hydroponic water spinach plants, as well as reducing plastik waste found in the school environment. The methods used in this activity are lectures and direct practice in the field which consists of various stages, namely field survey, counseling, joint practice, and plant monitoring. The result of this activity is that students can make hydroponic water spinach plant media from plastik bottle waste and also have a good understanding of caring for hydroponic plants.

Влияние микроудобрений на основе водорослей на рост и развитие березы пушистой (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), размноженной по технологии in vitro

In recent decades, organic farming, which does not use artificial chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has become increasingly popular in the world. Since ancient times, seaweed has been used as a plant growth stimulant to produce high-quality environmentally friendly products. At the same time, their influence on tree crops has not yet been sufficiently studied. The article examines the effect of Seaweed Seychelles Liquid®™ microfertilizers based on algae from the Seychelles on the growth and development of downy birch 15-1, propagated in vitro. The objects of study were explants at the multiplication stage and plants transferred into pots for growing in greenhouse conditions. Microfertilizers at a concentration of 10, 15, 20, 25 % vol. were added to the woody plant medium (WPM) for the cultivation of woody plants, supplemented with growth regulators 300 µg/l benzylamino-purine (BAP) and 200 µg/l indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA). The manufacturer's recommended concentration 20% vol. was used when transferring to non-sterile conditions. Plants were cultivated under controlled conditions in in vitro laboratory and greenhouse for two weeks and two months, respectively, after which changes in morphometric parameters were recorded. The results obtained indicate the stimulating effect of organic fertilizer when using concentrations of 20 and 25% vol. on birch microclones in vitro. More significant stimulation was observed for potted plants, where the growth of experimental objects was 22% higher than control plants at the end of the experiment. The results of the experiments allow us to recommend organic fertilizers from seaweed to stimulate growth processes in woody plants when using concentrations of at least 20% vol. when cultivated in pots.

STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF PLANTING MEDIA AND ZA FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SAMOSIR SHALLOTS USING PVC PIPES

The research was joined by Suka Raya Village, Rampah Dua Village, Pancur Batu and Deli Serdang Districts. Research launches in July 2021 and ends in November 2021. Research objective is used for ingredient resource volume as well as the development of ZA, thereby increasing Samosir's productivity and productivity. The experimental design used in this study was a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors: the first factor, namely, the composition of the planting medium with 3 treatment levels: 100% topsoil, 75% top soil: 25% cocopeat, 50 top soil soil. %: cocopeat 50%. The second factor is ZA fertilizer with 3 treatment levels: 0 g/planting hole, 1g/planting hole, and 2 g/planting hole. Parameters observed were plant length (cm), number of leaves (strands), number of tubers, tuber diameter (mm), tuber fresh weight per plant (g), tuber dry weight per plant (g), quercetin analysis (ppm). The outcomes showed that the treatment of ZA manure with a portion of 2 g/establishing opening on plant length boundaries brought about the best plant length, tuber diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of Samosir shallots, while a dose of 1 g/planting hole could increase the number of tubers and quercetin compared to the dose of 1 g/planting hole. other. The composition of the growing media, namely top soil and cocopeat, showed an increase in the growth and quality of Samosir shallots on the number of leaves and quercetin parameters. The communication between the treatment of the sythesis of the developing media and the utilization of ZA manure didn't expand the development and nature of Samosir shallots on totally noticed factors.

Optimal growth conditions for avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seedlings using biofertilizer-based approach with biosurfactant diethanolamide palm olein and neem extract

Avocado is a much-loved fruit with high nutritional content. However, its current production has declined due to excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers can be applied to reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers, promoting soil health and fertility by providing essential macro and micronutrients for better plant growth. This study aimed to determine the optimal dosage and method for the combined application of biofertilizer, biosurfactant diethanolamide (DEA) palm olein, and neem extract on avocado seedlings. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was the biofertilizer dosage (B) and the second factor was the application method (M). Results indicate that a 10 mL/L biofertilizer dosage, 5% DEA, and 35% neem extract show the best effects on plant height, leaf chlorophyll levels, stem diameter, and the number of avocado leaves. The application method of applying to the planting medium yields the best results for plant height, leaf count, and leaf chlorophyll levels. There was an interaction between treatments regarding plant height at 10 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and leaf count at 8 WAT. Biofertilizer application by pouring is recommended as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers for promoting healthy avocado seedling growth.

Pengukuran Dan Pemetaan Fotogrametris Menggunakan Unmaned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Di Kota Samarinda Kelurahan Sungai Pinang Dalam

Soil plays an important role for all living things, where soil is a source of livelihood. It acts as a planting medium, a water reservoir, and a place for us to do activities. All of these activities are carried out on the land (Natasha Hutabarat et al., n.d.). In the community itself, land ownership is always a problem that is often encountered, whether it is the problem of unfixed land boundaries, land tenure, and land grabbing. The National Land Agency (BPN) as the institution that organizes land registration has a Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program that makes it easier for the community to register land so as to avoid land conflicts. In order to accelerate land registration, PTSL in Samarinda City this time uses media or tools to take measurements using the photogrammetric method, namely the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to obtain aerial images or the latest images. In its implementation, the community is asked to install boundary signs that have been delivered or socialized by BPN employees. So that the boundaries of the land plot can be seen from the UAV and visible from aerial images

Effect of fly ash and bottom ash application as mix growing media on heavy metals status in vegetables

Coal fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) is still possible to be used directly as a mixture of soil with other growing media in small-scale agriculture. This study aimed to determine and to identify the level of safety for the consumption of vegetable crops related to the adsorption of heavy metals due to the use of mixed FABA planting media. In this study, the proportion mixture of 6% FABA, 6% compost, and 8.6% fine coal (lignite) was applicated. The proportion ratio between FABA and soil was 1:15. The FABA media application was prepared for eggplant, chili, water spinach, spinach, mustard greens, and moringa vegetables. The study was conducted without any control treatment without FABA on the same soil type. As an alternative control, vegetables from local farmers, local markets, and supermarkets surrounding the study site were taken. The experimental results showed that the application of FABA did not increase nitrate and heavy metals content in vegetables. It can be concluded that vegetables grown on FABA media were safe and suitable for consumption in terms of acceptable daily intake of nitrate and various heavy metals, except for As intake in water spinach and mustard greens, which were recommended to be confirmed in further determination research.

Terrestrial Fern Diversity in Palak Siring Waterfall and Its Potential to Support Junior High School Science learning

The Palak Siring Waterfall is a natural tourism object located in Kemumu Village, Armajaya District, North Bengkulu Regency were the area have variety of vegetation. This research aims to analyze the Terrestrial Fern Diversity in that area. The benefits of ferns in an ecosystem are as one of the pioneer organisms that open and start a new life in an ecosystem, food sources, and planting media. The method used is transect by forming (five) plots based on the slope of the land, consist of flat, sloping, rather steep, steep, and very steep areas. Plot size of 20 x 20 m placed along the transect line. Based on the survey was found 22 species with 13 types of family ferns in the Palak Siring Waterfall. The Diversity Index value of ferns (pteridophyta) belongs to the medium category. This certainly indicates that there is a fern that can adapt to the environment as well as other plants in area. Diversity of fern have the potential to be applied to junior high school science learning through several Basic competencies, materials, and forms of learning activities.

Technical Guidance on Cultivating Red Onion Plants by Applying KCL Fertilizer in North Tanjung Dayang Village, South Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir

Tanjung Dayang Utara is a village located in the South Indralaya sub-district, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra. One of the most important inorganic fertilizers frequently used in agriculture is KCl, and considering its role in plant growth, it is crucial to increase the understanding of KCl application for plants. Organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, are also added to the planting media to provide nutrients in addition to chemical fertilizers. The Bima Brebes variety of shallots are the crops grown in this study, and through this activity, information on shallots and fertilizer was provided, including preparing the planting media and the seedlings, planting, plant maintenance, and harvesting. This activity was carried out from July to September 2023. The activity is aimed at helping the residents of Tanjung Dayang Village comprehend the advantages, nutritional worth, and growth of shallots, as well as the proper techniques of growing shallots, particularly the Bima Brebes variety.

Pengelolaan Sampah Anorganik di Kelurahan Tlogosari Kulon Kota Semarang

Population growth has an impact on increasing waste production. Semarang City produces 1,110 tons of waste per day. One of the efforts made by the Environmental Service (DLH) regarding waste management is by running a waste bank program. However, this program has not been implemented in all regions. Like in Tlogosari Kulon Village, there is no existing waste bank group running this program. Even though this area is a densely populated residential area and is an area prone to flooding. Therefore, this service is carried out to provide understanding and knowledge regarding waste management, especially inorganic types, and carry out simple actions. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The result of this activity is that there is an understanding of waste management as evidenced by the action of collecting waste according to mutually agreed inorganic waste criteria, reusing gallons and plastic cups as planting media, and plastic bottles as decoration.

Prediction of Duration of Dry Bamboo Leaf Counting Using Fuzzy Logic

Dry bamboo leaves are selected as a planting medium for ornamental plants to enhance nutrient content and improve soil drainage. Before being processed into fertilizer, dry bamboo leaves need to be shredded first. The leaf counting process for planting ornamental plants in villages still relies on manual methods such as using knives and scissors, which can be time-consuming and less effective. In response to this issue, a device for shredding dry bamboo leaves has been developed to improve efficiency and facilitate the leaf counting process. The innovation created is a household-scale dry bamboo leaf shredder that is more affordable and easy to mobilize due to its compact dimensions and lighter weight. The device is also easy to operate, as the shredding occurs when it is closed, and the process stops when it is opened, ensuring safe use for various users. The manual control of bamboo leaf weight and counting duration results in inconsistent shredding outcomes. Therefore, development has been carried out on the dry bamboo leaf shredder with artificial intelligence capabilities, specifically using fuzzy logic to automate the counting duration based on the size and weight of the bamboo leaves being inputted.

Response of growth performance and yield of butternut squash(Cucurbita moschata Duch Ex Poir) cultivar Waltham under differentdosages of bokashi application

Butternut squash, also known as Cucurbita moschata, is a variety of pumpkin with promising commercial potential. However,most of the soils in the tropics are acidic and lack organic matter.The addition of organic material such as bokashi is essential inimproving the low soil pH and soil quality. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of different rates of bokashi application on the growth performance and yield of butternut squash cultivated on tropical acid soil. A planting experiment was carried out from July until October 2022. A total of 36 planting beds were prepared, and each bed was constructed in 100 cm x 400 cm, consisting of 8 plants bed-1. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design. A total of three different rates of bokashi were applied to the soil prior to planting, namely 0 (control), 4,000, and 8,000 kg ha-1. A 12,000 kg ha-1 of commercial peat moss (Holland Free Peat) was also applied to compare bokashi and peat moss (the common planting medium used in most planting activities). The maximum plant height growth and leaf production for butternut squash was around 7-8th week. Application rate of 8,000 kg ha-1 bokashi contributed to significantly highest plant height (352.1 cm), number of leaves (86 leaves), and yield of Waltham butter squash per plant (1.5 kg plant-1). Multiple planting cycles should be carried out further to elucidate the bokashi's residual effect on nutrient supply to butternut squash cultivation.

Effect of a Fortified Biostimulant Extract on Tomato Plant Productivity, Physiology, and Growing Media Properties.

The pursuit of sustainable and productive agriculture demands the exploration of innovative approaches to improve plant productivity and soil health. The utilization of natural agricultural biostimulants, such as extracts from seaweed, fish, and humus, has gained prominence as an ecological strategy to achieve this goal. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of a fortified biostimulant extract (FBE), composed of extracts from seaweed, fish, and humus, on tomato plant physiology, productivity, and growing media properties, and estimated carbon emissions associated with tomato production. The FBE was applied to the growing media of tomato plants produced in a greenhouse, in experiments over two growing seasons. The productivity assessments demonstrated that the application of FBE significantly increased tomato fruit yield by 20% and relative marketable fruit yield by 27%, and reduced estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with production by 29%. FBE treatment improved plant shoot and root biomass, accelerated flower and fruit set initiation, and increased chlorophyll content in leaves, resulting in enhanced plant physiology and advanced development. FBE treatment positively influenced the availability of crucial nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron in the growing media. FBE promoted the growth of total active microbes in the growing media, particularly the fungal population, which plays an important role in nutrient cycling and health. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of the FBE due to enhanced plant productivity and growth, improved fertility, the promotion of beneficial plant and growing media interactions, and the reduction in estimated GHG emissions.

Control System Design for Water Pump Activation in PLC-based Smart Hydroponic Design

Food security is one of the issues that is one of the concerns to the country government, and one of the independent efforts made by community on their awareness to meet and achieve food needs on a domestic scale in their respective households is through hydroponic for cultivation of vegetables. Hydroponics works by using water as growing medium instead of soil, however, the use of water as a planting medium requires special treatment thus the plants is able to grow optimally. To ensure that the air content in the water used as a hydroponic growing medium is properly available, a water regulation process is needed. The process of water regulation in the hydroponic system uses regulation of the activation of the water pump motor so that water can be regulated and electrical energy efficiency can still be achieved. This study aims to design and test a PLC-based automation system for the purposes of setting the activation of a water pump in a hydroponic system based on the sunlight conditions in the hydroponic installation being built. By using a light sensor (LDR) to measure the intensity of sunlight in the hydroponic system being built, the activation of the pump motor can be controlled through the use of a PLC device that processes the information obtained from the sensor used. The results of the tests carried out provide information that the designed system has proven effective for use in hydroponic systems with pump water regulation time from 08:00 AM to 04:00 PM.

PENGARUH JENIS PUPUK DAN MULSA TERHADAP TINGKAT INFESTASI HAMA PADA Capsicum annuum

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect silver plastic mulch combined with theapplication of bokashi fertilizer on chili plants. This study was carried out from August toNovember 2021. This study had 18 treatment units consisting of: A1: planting mediafertilized with bokashi and covered with silver plastic mulch, A2: growing media fertilizedwith bokashi and without mulch, B1: growing media fertilized with Urea, SP36, KCL andcovered with silver plastic mulch, B2: growing media fertilized with Urea, SP36, KCLwithout mulch, C1: planting media fertilized with Urea, SP36, KCL + bokashi and coveredwith silver plastic mulch, C2: planting media was fertilized with bokashi + Urea, SP36, KCL,without mulch. The results showed that the use of mulch and bokashi gave better results(least pest infestation of all treatment), but statistically there was no significant differencebetween the treatments on the observed variables.

Growth Response of Long Beans (Vigna unguiculata) and Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) to the Application of Different Types of Water

Germination begins with imbibition or the entry of water that will activate various physiological components of the seed. So it is known that water has an important role in initiating the early stages of plant growth and development. The process of growth and development can be influenced by the type of water around it. This study aims to determine the growth response in Long Beans (Vigna unguiculata) and Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) to the application of various types of water, namely river water, peat water, rainwater and tap water. The seeds were soaked for 3 hours before planting. Then transferred to the planting media. Furthermore, for 7 days, observations were made along with watering the seeds using the treatment water. The parameters observed were the number of germinated seeds, sprout length, and root length on the seventh day. The data obtained were analyzed and processed using IBM SPSS software through parametric test (One-way ANOVA) and non-parametric test (Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test). Based on statistical tests, it is known that there is no significant difference, where in Long Beans the significance value is 0.795 (> 0.05). While in Mung Beans the significance value is 0.602 (> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant difference between each treatment, so that the various types of water in the treatment only as an initiator in the process of germination.