Date Palm Research Articles

The botanical details, pharmacological activities and industrial applications of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

The botanical details, pharmacological activities and industrial applications of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Effect of Storage Temperature and Containers on Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Pollen Viability and Post-storage Pollination

Effect of Storage Temperature and Containers on Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Pollen Viability and Post-storage Pollination

Valorisation of Agricultural Residue Bio-Mass Date Palm Fibre in Dry-Blended Polycaprolactone (PCL) Bio-Composites for Sustainable Packaging Applications

Abstract Purpose This study experimentally developed and characterised dry-blended Polycaprolactone (PCL)/date palm fibre biodegradable composites for sustainable packaging applications. Date palm fibres are collected from date palm trees as by-products or waste materials. They will be valorised in bio-composite application to promote fibre-based sustainable packaging items over their non-biodegradable synthetic polymer based conventional packaging products. In the dry-blending process, fibre and polymer are mixed with a shear mixer, while, in a melt-blending process, an extruder is used to extrude fibre/polymer blends after applying heating and high shear pressure to melt and mix polymer with fibres. Dry-blending process offers many comparative advantages, such as less equipment, steps, cost, process degradation, energy consumption and hence, lower harmful environmental emissions; while, a proper fibre/polymer mixing is a challenge and it needs to be achieved properly in this process. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of dry-blending process on manufacturing of PCL/date palm fibre bio-composites for packaging applications, before promoting the dry-blending as a suitable alternative to the melt-blending process. Methods Short chopped fibres were grinded as powders and dry-blended at a ratio of (0 − 10%) (w/w) with PCL polymer using hand and a shear mixer for 30 min, following a compression moulding process to produce bio-composite samples. Tensile, water contact angle, SEM, TGA, DSC and DMA tests and analysis were conducted. The dry-blended PCL/date palm fibre composites’ properties were compared with reported melt-blended samples’ results found in literature. Results Dry-blended samples showed an increase in tensile modulus values (up-to 20%) with fibre inclusion and these values were found close to the melt-blended samples in the literature. Tensile strength and strain values were reduced which could be related to the poor fibre/polymer interface. Fibre addition affected the thermal, thermo-mechanical and crystallisation processes in PCL polymer matrix. Conclusion Dry-blending is capable of producing bio-composites with a very comparable properties to melt-blended counterparts, although a more details study is needed to conduct in future. The results of this study, could be used carefully to design dry-blended PCL/date palm fibre bio-composites for possible packaging applications. The irregular fibre distribution in dry-blended samples could be improved in different ways which should be investigated in future. Graphical Abstract

Freezing temperature treatments against almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), infestation of date fruits

Freezing temperature treatments against almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), infestation of date fruits

Investigating the Dynamics of Bayoud Disease in Date Palm Trees and Optimal Control Analysis

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum (f.sp. albedinis) causes Bayoud disease. It is one of the epiphytotic diseases that affects a wide range of palm species and has no known cure at present. However, preventive measures can be taken to reduce the effects of the disease. Bayoud disease has caused enormous economic losses due to decreased crop yield and quality. Therefore, it is essential to develop a mathematical model for the dynamics of the disease to propose some affordable methods for disease management. In this study, we propose a novel mathematical model that describes the transmission dynamics of the disease in date palm trees. The model incorporates various factors such as the contact rate of the fungi with date palm trees, the utilization of fungicides, and the introduction of a quarantine compartment to prevent disease dissemination. We first prove a few key properties of the proposed model to ensure that the model is well-posed and suitable for numerical investigations. We establish that the model has a unique positive solution that is bounded and stable over time. We use sensitivity analysis to identify the parameters that have the greatest effect on the reproduction number R0 and illustrate this effect graphically. We then formulate an optimal control problem to identify the most suitable and cost-effective disease control approaches. As a first approach, we solely focus on the application of fungicide to susceptible trees and determine the best spray rates for a greater decrease in exposed and infected trees. Secondly, we emphasize quarantining exposed and infected trees at optimal quarantine rates. Finally, we explore the combined effect of fungicide spraying and isolating infected trees on disease control. The findings of the last approach turn out to be the most rewarding and cost-effective for minimizing infections in date palm trees.

Quality Changes and Fungal Microbiota Dynamics in Stored Jujube Fruits: Insights from High-Throughput Sequencing for Food Preservation

Postharvest rot is an urgent problem affecting the storage of winter jujube. Therefore, the development of new technologies for efficient and safe preservation is very important. This study aimed to elucidate the fungal microbiota found on the epidermis of jujube during the storage period using high-throughput sequencing, as well as to monitor the changes in quality indexes throughout this period. Through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, we identified two phyla (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota) and six genera (Cryptococcus, Bulleromyces, Sporidiobolus, Alternaria, Pseudozyma, and Sporobolomyces), which potentially contribute to the spoilage and deterioration of jujube, referred to as “core fungal taxa”. A high correlation was further found between preservation indices (including decay rate, firmness, and total soluble solids) and the growth of multiple core fungi over time. These findings will provide insights and a theoretical basis for further research on preservation techniques related to biological control during date fruit storage.

Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiviral investigations using egyptian phoenix dactylifera L. pits extract

Phoenix dactylifera L. and its wastes are known to be high in nutrients that are beneficial to human health. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiviral properties of Phoenix dactylifera L. pits extract (PDPE) in vitro. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis indicated phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl), tetradecanoic acid, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, á-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, and heptaethylene glycol monododecyl ether existence. The PDPE influenced pathogenic microorganisms, with inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) ranging from 10.0 to 35.0 mm. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638 had the highest IZD, while Salmonella typhi DSM 17058 and Shigella sonnei DSM 5570 had the lowest. The antifungal effect observed only in spore failure or conidia formation. PDPE showed a 100% antibacterial spectrum against bacteria, with MIC values between 250 and 1000 µg/ml. MIC was only indicated with S. aureus of 500 µg/ml. MBC values ranged from 500 to 1000 g/ml, with MBC values of 500 g/ml for B. cereus, E. faecalis, S. typhi, and S. sonnei. The activity was 66.7% at 500 µg/ml, further concentrations of 125–250 g/ml had no antibacterial effect. PDPE biofilm inhibition % had the highest percentage of inhibition (98.59%) with S. aureus, B. cereus (94.12%), and E. coli (74.46%). With 50% (CC50) viral activity, the highest non-toxic PDPE dose was found to be at 123.0 µg/ml.

Spectral–Spatial transformer-based semantic segmentation for large-scale mapping of individual date palm trees using very high-resolution satellite data

Date palm plantations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are under threat from soil salinity, drought, and date palm weevils. Accordingly, monitoring and conserving date palms are crucial to preserving a vital component of the country’s agricultural heritage, economy, food security, and ecological balance. Previous studies have effectively identified date palm trees using RGB-based aerial and UAV imagery utilizing diverse deep learning methods. However, the utilization of very high-resolution satellite data for delineating individual date palm crowns remains unexplored due to the limited spatial resolution capabilities of existing satellite systems. This study primarily aimed to achieve precise and comprehensive mapping of date palm trees using WorldView-3 (WV-3) satellite data by leveraging the high representational power of the state-of-the-art vision transformers (ViT) in capturing global information from the input data. First, an in-depth analysis assessment of the various transformer-based semantic segmentation architectures, including UperNet with vision transformer and Swin transformer, SegFormer, Mask2Former, and UniFormer, was conducted. Second, the integration of spectral data on the performance of ViTs was evaluated. Moreover, the models’ generalizability and complexity effect on the segmentation effectiveness were assessed. Accordingly, a postprocessing strategy was developed to aid in delineating and counting date palm trees from semantic segmentation outputs. Results demonstrated that integration of WV-3 spectral data into the analysis resulted in a marked improvement in segmentation quality. The UniFormer, UperNet-Swin, and Mask2Former models demonstrated considerable improvements in multispectral data analysis, with increases in mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 2.17% (77.88% mIoU, 86.01% mean F-score [mF-score]), 2% (78.10% mIoU, 86.18% mF-score), and 1.15% (77.36% mIoU, 85.59% mF-score), respectively, compared with their RGB-based results. Evaluations of model transferability also indicated that Mask2Former, UniFormer, and UperNet-Swin transformers efficiently adapted to multispectral data in the Dibba region. These models achieved mIoU scores of 84.36%, 84.25%, and 83.17% and mF-scores of 90.95%, 90.87%, and 90.13%, highlighting their effectiveness and potential for broader regional application. This research highlights the efficacy and feasibility of using ViTs with WV-3 multispectral data for accurate and comprehensive surveying of date palm plantations, enabling the development of palm tree inventories and continuously updating geospatial databases.

Desirability function and Box-Behnken design optimization for crystal violet dye adsorption by palm date stone activated carbon

Desirability function and Box-Behnken design optimization for crystal violet dye adsorption by palm date stone activated carbon

Impact of climate change and genetic development on Iowa corn yield

The vulnerability of corn yield to high temperature and insufficient rainfall in the US mid-west is widely acknowledged. The impact of extreme weather and genetic development on corn yield is less well known. One of the main reasons is that the multicollinearity in the variables can lead to confounding results. Here we model the impact of climate and genetic development by employing an elastic net regression model to address the multicollinearity issue. This allows us to develop a more robust multiple regression model with higher predictive accuracy. Using granular data for Iowa from 1981-2018, we find that corn yield is vulnerable to high mean summer temperatures particularly in July, a widening diurnal temperature range in June and dry summer conditions (due to extremely low rainfall) from June-August. We find that overall climate impact reduced average annual yield by 0.7%. We also find that genetic development which led to earlier planting dates, widening duration of the reproductive interval, higher growing degree day accumulation and larger net planted area had a beneficial impact on the Iowa corn yield during 1981-2018 resulting in an average annual yield improvement of 1.8% per annum. This provides a basis for optimism that these genetic developments and management practices will continue to adapt and improve in the future to counter the impact of climate change on corn yield. We have also modelled the impact of future climate change using the latest climate projections from the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6). These climate projections show that the average temperature during the growing season (MayO-October) will increase by 2.4 -2.9 o C by mid-century while the average spring temperature (March and April) will increase by a relatively slower 1.9 -2.3 o C by mid-century. Additionally, climate projections show that both temperature and rainfall will also become more extreme in the future with the changes varying from spring to summer. Our results show that, just due to climate change alone in Iowa corn yield will decline between 1.4-1.7% per annum until mid-century (or 1.2-2.1% per annum until the late twenty first century).

Resistance to Azole Drugs by Fungal Species Isolated from Date Palm Samples within Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria

Fungal species infecting fruits are developing resistance to some antifungals. The study determined prevalent fungi in date palm fruits and their resistance to azole antifungals. Dried date palm fruit samples were collected from Modern Market, Old Market, Alhamis Market, Koro Market and Tomato Market in Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria and fungi isolated from them. Antifungal susceptibility test as a zone of inhibition of fungal mycelial growth were recorded for terbinafine, clotrimazole, nystatin, metronidazole and fluconazole. Dates from the old market had the highest contamination with 6.0×103 ± 4.2 cfu/g, while samples from Koro market with 2.5×103 ± 1.7 cfu/g were the least contaminated. A total of 84 fungi were isolated, Aspergillus niger was the most predominant species while Aspergillus versicolor was the least predominant. Terbinafine was the most effective azole against the fungal species isolated with a zone of inhibition of 43 mm in diameter, while fluconazole was the least effective with the zone of inhibition of 0 mm. The organism most susceptible to the antifungal drugs was Aspergillus niger, while Penicillium chrysogenum was the most resistant. Results of this study indicated that, date palm fruits around the Lafia markets were more susceptible to Aspergillus niger contamination than other fungal species, and Terbinafine was the best azole antifungal drug. The study recommends that further research should be carried out with respect to the resistance developed against azoles by the fungal species.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolated from an Arid Soil in Saudi Arabia Improve Maize Growth

The rhizosphere represents the main source of bacteria commonly referred to as rhizobacteria. Such beneficial rhizobacteria with plant-beneficial activities are generally defined as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of native rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from an arid soil of date palm in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, to enhance plants growth. Maize (Zea mays L.) was used as model crop for this research. Maize seedlings roots were inoculated with Bacillus and Enterobacter bacteria. The seedlings showed significant increases in stem, leaf, and root growth. The maximal shoot lengths were obtained with strain (I2: Bacillus cereus) (95.41 cm) with an increase of 33.45 % compared to uninoculated control seedlings. The three isolates I2: Bacillus cereus, AZS2: Bacillus subtilis and commercial strain AZB: Azospirillum brasilense) caused a highly significant increase in the total number of leaves ranging from 10.9% to 12.7% compared to the uninoculated controls. Seedlings inoculated with AZS2: Bacillus subtilis strain exhibited the highest aerial dry biomasses with an improvement of more than 85 % (30.76 g) compared with uninoculated control plants and more than 62 % compared to uninoculated NaCl control plants. The inoculation treatment with I2: Bacillus cereus strain induced an improvement of more than 65 % (27.44 g) over uninoculated control and more than 45 % over uninoculated NaCl control. The strain AZS2: Bacillus subtilis produced the highest root dry weights, in comparison to other isolates and induced an improvement of 30.17% (26.06 g) compared to uninoculated control plants and 24.09% compared to uninoculated plants (NaCl control).The most effective rhizobacterial treatment in the dry biomasses of whole seedling (aerial dry biomass and root dry biomass) is AZS2: Bacillus subtilis strain which induced an improvement of 55% (56.83 g) compared to uninoculated plants and 42% compared to uninoculated plants (NaCl-control)...

Cardinal temperatures of populations developed from native maize (Zea mays L.) from central and southern, Tamaulipas, Mexico

Objective: To estimate the cardinal temperatures of native maize populations from Tamaulipas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Ten genotypes developed from native germplasms were established in Güémez, Tamaulipas, on 12 planting dates (2019 and 2020). The cardinal temperatures (Tb, To, and Tu) of each of the cultivars were estimated through the decomposition of a quadratic model, using the days from sowing to tasseling and the average temperature of each sowing date from that period. Results: From sowing to tasseling, the evaluated cultivars recorded 15.7-18.1 °C base temperatures (Tb), 28.3-30.1 °C optimum temperatures (To), and 32.3-34.4 °C threshold temperatures (Tu). The Tb and To values represent the high thermal requirement of the germplasm, while Tu stands for its resistance to high temperatures. The L3, L4, L5, and VHA cultivars stood out for their broader adaptation range (16.2 to 34.4 °C), while the L3, L4, and L6 cultivars have a higher resistance to high temperatures (average Tu: 34.5 °C). Study Limitations/Implications: The cardinal temperatures determined in this study depended on the evaluated genotypes and the environment in which they developed. Findings/Conclusions: The maize germplasm evaluated in this study was resistant to high temperatures. As a result of its adaptation to the conditions of central and southern Tamaulipas, this germplasm is a source of variation for the characteristics that provide resistance to the stress caused by high temperatures.

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Date Palm By‐Products from Algerian Sahara: Cultivar Variations Effect

AbstractThis study aims to compare the methylene blue (MB) removal capacity from aqueous solutions of seven natural Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) By‐products (DPBPS). These include: Leaflets (DPLL), Rachis of leaf (DPRL), Fruit Bunch Stalk (DPFBS), Empty Fruit Bunch (DPEFB), Leaf Base (DPLB), fibrillium (DPF) and Spathe Sheath (DPSS), obtained from three different date palm cultivars: Degla, Ghers and Takermost from Ouargla Oasis in the Algerian Sahara, and to investigate the influence of the palm date nature part and cultivar on MB adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted at different concentrations; 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 mg/L of MB with 2.5 g of DPBP of each cultivar. The DPBPS of all cultivars exhibits remarkable adsorption efficiencies for MB removal. The highest maximal experimental adsorption capacities were observed for Degla DPLB (4.192 mg/g), Ghers DPF (4.191 mg/g) and Takermost DPF (4.193 mg/g) with(99.81 %), (99.79 %), and (99.82 %) adsorption rates in their cultivar respectively. Conversely, the lowest maximal experimental adsorption capacities were found for Degla DPLL 4.048 mg/g, Ghers DPEFB (4.12 mg/g) and Takermost DPSS (4.089 mg/g) with 96.40 %, 98.09 %, and at 97.67 % adsorption rates in each cultivar respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicated a good fit with the Freundlich model. The studied DPBPS represent natural, low‐cost, and locally available adsorbents that effectively remove MB from wastewater.

Estamaran date vinegar: chemical and microbial dynamics during fermentation.

Vinegar is a fermented food produced by alcoholic and then acetic acid microbial metabolism. Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a valuable source for the production of vinegar. Microbial identification has a major role in the improvement and bio-management of the fermentation process of vinegar. Estamaran and Kabkab two varieties of date palm fruit were selected to study the fermentation process. A culture-dependent approach was used to study bacterial dynamics. 16S rRNA gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), also restriction enzyme analysis with HinfI and TaqI, and sequencing was done. Assessment of microbial flora of date palm fruit during fermentation showed that Fructobacillus tropaeoli, Bacillus sp., Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Weissella paramesenteroides existed in the first phase of fermentation. With fermentation progress, microbial diversity decreased so only one species remained. Komagataeibacter xylinus as an acid acetic producer was present in the third phase of fermentation. Based on chemical analysis, the concentration of reducing sugars decreased during fermentation. With decreasing pH, a simultaneous increase in acidity and total phenolic compounds occurred. The trend of changes during Estamaran fermentation was more severe and a vinegar with desirable properties was produced. Therefore, this date variety is recommended for the production of date vinegar.

Effect of intercropping maize and sunn hemp at different times and stand densities on soil properties and crop yield under in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) tillage in semi-arid South Africa

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that manipulating intercropping timing and stand density within intercropping systems could enhance crop yields. However, our current understanding of the effects of intercropping a cover crop on soil chemical properties and moisture still needs to be improved. This study investigates the effects of intercropping sunn hemp with maize at different timings and stand densities on selected soil properties and crop yield. Materials and methods A split-plot experiment was conducted under the in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) tillage. The trial had three intercropping times (simultaneously with maize planting, at V15 maize growth stage, and R1 maize growth stage) as the main plot factors and three stand densities (16, 32, and 48 plants m−2) as the subplot factors, with three replicates for both the 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons. Changes in soil properties were assessed within the uppermost layer (0-30 cm). Soil moisture content was continuously monitored throughout the growing season and specific soil chemical properties were analyzed at harvest. Results The results showed that the interaction of sunn hemp intercropping period and stand densities did not significantly influence most of the measured soil properties. The early planting of sunn hemp had significantly 32.4% higher soil organic matter (SOM) than the last planting date at low stand density. After two growing seasons SOM, nitrogen, potassium, and manganese were significantly enhanced by 39.7%, 19.0%, 21% and 60.6% respectively. However, during the same period calcium, sodium and iron were significantly reduced by 13.4%, 46.1% and 78.0% respectively. The management of sunn hemp crop had significant effect on maize grain yield across the two seasons. The maize yields in the medium and high stand densities in the first season were significantly 15.3% and 34.3% higher than in the second season, respectively. Conclusion Due to the intercropping treatments, the retention of sunn hemp residues with varying quantities and qualities may have influenced the soil nutrient dynamics in the short-term. Significant changes in soil chemical properties and yield may need more time, and future research should be conducted out in agricultural regions with different soil mineral matrices.

Spatial and temporal distribution of optimal maize sowing dates in Nigeria.

Climate change and inter-annual variability cause variation in rainfall commencement and cessation which has consequences for the maize growing season length and thus impact yields. This study therefore sought to determine the spatially explicit optimum maize sowing dates to enable site specific recommendations in Nigeria. Gridded weather and soil data, crop management and cultivar were used to simulate maize yield from 1981-2019 at a scale of 0.5°. A total of 37 potential sowing dates between 1 March and 7 November at an interval of 7 days for each year were evaluated. The optimum sowing date was the date which maximizes yield at harvest, keeping all other management factors constant. The results show that optimum sowing dates significantly vary across the country with northern Nigeria having notably delayed sowing dates compared to southern Nigeria which has earlier planting dates. The long-term optimal sowing dates significantly (p<0.05), shifted between the 1980s (1981-1990), and current (2011-2019), for most of the country. The most optimum planting dates of southern Nigeria shifted to later sowing dates while most optimum sowing dates of central and northern Nigeria shifted to earlier sowing dates. There was more variation in optimum sowing dates in the wetter than the drier agro-ecologies. Changes in climate explain changes in sowing dates in wetter agro-ecologies compared to drier agro-ecologies. The study concludes that the optimum sowing dates derived from this study and the corresponding methodology used to generate them can be used to improve cropping calendars in maize farming in Nigeria.

Boosting genome-wide association power and genomic prediction accuracy for date palm fruit traits with advanced statistics

The date palm is economically vital in the Middle East and North Africa, providing essential fibres, vitamins, and carbohydrates. Understanding the genetic architecture of its traits remains complex due to the tree's perennial nature and long generation times. This study aims to address these complexities by employing advanced genome-wide association (GWAS) and genomic prediction models using previously published data involving fruit acid content, sugar content, dimension, and colour traits. The multivariate GWAS model identified seven QTL, including five novel associations, that shed light on the genetic control of these traits. Furthermore, the research evaluates different genomic prediction models that considered genotype by environment and genotype by trait interactions. While colour- traits demonstrate strong predictive power, other traits display moderate accuracies across different models and scenarios aligned with the expectations when using small reference populations. When designing the cross-validation to predict new individuals, the accuracy of the best multi-trait model was significantly higher than all single-trait models for dimension traits, but not for the remaining traits, which showed similar performances. However, the cross-validation strategy that masked random phenotypic records (i.e., mimicking the unbalanced phenotypic records) showed significantly higher accuracy for all traits except acid contents. The findings underscore the importance of understanding genetic architecture for informed breeding strategies. The research emphasises the need for larger population sizes and multivariate models to enhance gene tagging power and predictive accuracy to advance date palm breeding programs. These findings support more targeted breeding in date palm, improving productivity and resilience to various environments.

The Effect of Heavy Metal Speciation on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with &lt;i&gt;Phoenix dactylifera&lt;/i&gt; L. Growing in Moroccan Urban and Peri-Urban Environments

The Effect of Heavy Metal Speciation on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with &lt;i&gt;Phoenix dactylifera&lt;/i&gt; L. Growing in Moroccan Urban and Peri-Urban Environments

Optimizing the Model-prediction of Date Palm Fronds-Derived Producer Gas and Third Generation Biodiesel Powered Dual-fuel engine by Employing Bayesian-Optimized Boosted Regression Trees for Enhanced Prognostics

The global issue concerning the dual problem of economic energy shortage as well as greenhouse gas emission needs urgent attention. Due to its abundance and carbon neutrality, waste biomass is a good energy conversion feedstock. This research suggests a unique method for using date palm frond waste biomass-derived producer gas and algal biodiesel as sustainable diesel engine fuels. The Bayesian-optimized neural networks and Bayesian-optimized Boosted Regression Trees were employed to optimize engine combustion and emission performance. This was further enhanced with the application of k-cross fold to prevent the model from overfitting during training. The working of dual-fuel engines is a complex phenomenon owing to the employment of two different types of fuel one is liquid (biodiesel + diesel) while the other one is gaseous (Producer gas). The present endeavor was undertaken to handle this with the application of advanced data learning methods. The engine was tested at different compression ratios, engine loads, and fuel injection pressures for brake thermal efficiency, diesel fuel substitution, and emission. Both the Bayesian-optimized neural networks and Bayesian-optimized Boosted Regression Trees could predict the engine output with good prediction efficiency with comparable performance, however, the Bayesian-optimized Boosted Regression Trees-based models were more robust with a coefficient of determination value in the range of 0.9617 to 0.9999 and mean squared errors as low as 0.001. The mean absolute percentage error was very low in the range of 0.0316 to 5.231. The Theil’s U2 values were in the range of 0.0029 to 0.0126.