Plantation System Research Articles

Shift in trophic niches of soil microarthropods with conversion of tropical rainforest into plantations as indicated by stable isotopes (15N, 13C).

Land-use change is threatening biodiversity worldwide, affecting above and below ground animal communities by altering their trophic niches. However, shifts in trophic niches with changes in land use are little studied and this applies in particular to belowground animals. Oribatid mites are among the most abundant soil animals, involved in decomposition processes and nutrient cycling. We analyzed shifts in trophic niches of six soil-living oribatid mite species with the conversion of lowland secondary rainforest into plantation systems of different land-use intensity (jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm monoculture plantation) in two regions of southwest Sumatra, Indonesia. We measured stable isotope ratios (13C/12C and 15N/14N) of single oribatid mite individuals and calculated shifts in stable isotope niches with changes in land use. Significant changes in stable isotope ratios in three of the six studied oribatid mite species indicated that these species shift their trophic niches with changes in land use. The trophic shift was either due to changes in trophic level (δ15N values), to changes in the use of basal resources (δ13C values) or to changes in both. The trophic shift generally was most pronounced between more natural systems (rainforest and jungle rubber) on one side and monoculture plantations systems (rubber and oil palm plantations) on the other, reflecting that the shifts were related to land-use intensity. Although trophic niches of the other three studied species did not differ significantly between land-use systems they followed a similar trend. Overall, the results suggest that colonization of very different ecosystems such as rainforest and intensively managed monoculture plantations by oribatid mite species likely is related to their ability to shift their trophic niches, i.e. to trophic plasticity.

Black Americana. Supremacia racial e supremacia de classe em fotografias da virada do século XIX ao XX

Este artigo analisa o papel desempenhado pela produção e circulação de imagens fotográficas em cartões postais durante o processo de reconciliação nacional entre as supremacias de raça e classe, na sociedade estadunidense do pós-abolição, a partir da década de 1880. Somado ao trabalho por dívida, o aluguel de detentos do sistema prisional aponta para a recomposição da prática de obrigar proletários negros ao trabalho, fenômeno que teve lugar especialmente onde a escravidão mais resistiu ao abolicionismo, isto é, não apenas no Sul, mas sobretudo na lavoura (ou em atividades a ela ligadas, a exemplo das ferrovias). Nesse sentido, para os trabalhadores, as lutas entre capital e trabalho podiam ter no direito de ir e vir um elemento essencial de sua experiência de classe.

Wood policy ambiguities, behind the phenomenon of the decreasing interest of traditional house construction in Sulawesi

We firstly investigate the common-sense phenomenon that why there is a tendency on the decreasing demand of traditional timber-based house (bola ugi’) construction in South Sulawesi province Indonesia. From this start, we analyse the two policies implementation of timber logging community-based forestry policies (people forest plantation and people forests), that taken Barru district as our location study. We found that there is no direct correlation between the decreasing motives of villagers using the traditional wooden house and the policies. We further investigated the policies’ implementation and found some ambiguities, including incompatibility with traditional forest plantation system within the formal timber logging community-based forestry policies. We found also a very weak facilitation and support from the government and also its connection with the market.

Топокліматичні особливості садово-паркових композиційних груп у парках міста Львова

Проаналізовано історико-стильовий генезис урбанізованих ландшафтів і формування системи садово-паркових насаджень міста Львова. Досліджено вплив місцевих ландшафтних геосистем і геофізичних процесів у них на формування топокліматичних характеристик парків. З'ясовано еколого-біологічні відмінності та особливості формування просторових природних явищ у певній садово-парковій композиції. Встановлено, що вивчення топокліматичних відмінностей потрібно починати із розгляду потоків сонячної радіації, температури повітря та ґрунту, атмосферних опадів і вітру. Проаналізовано територіальні еколого-біологічні відмінності та особливості формування просторових природних явищ залежно від потоків речовини та енергії. Виявлено вузькі амплітуди температури в геокомплексах вершин, середини і підніжжя схилів, бар'єрний вплив на міграцію та місцеву трансформацію повітряних мас, що впливає на специфіку піднаметового фітоценозу. Охарактеризовано врахування топокліматичних характеристик для підвищення комфортності розвитку садово-паркових композиційних груп. Відзначено, що поверхня пагорбів разом з мереживом стежок, прокладених на схилах, піддається ерозії та потребує зменшення та регулювання рекреаційного навантаження. Окреслено негативні явища, які сукупно із віковим чинником та відсутністю належного агротехнічного догляду впливають на умови місцезростання та розвиток паркових насаджень.

PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AGRO-LANDSCAPES IN THE TERRITORY OF ALTAI KRAI

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.

Probability assessment of climate change impacts on soil organic carbon stocks in future periods: a case study in Hyrcanian forests (Northern Iran)

Simulations of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under climate change are partly subject to uncertainties deriving from the Global Climate Models (GCMs) used for weather projections of future climates. For this reason, SOC simulations are generally performed with a set of GCMs to avoid misleading results. SOC stocks were measured in different land covers in a forest area of Northern Iran (maple, alder, oak, cypress and a mixed natural forest), and the model RothC was used to predict SOC changes under climate change scenarios. We studied the effects on SOC stock changes deriving from an ensemble of nine GCMs and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), projected on four future periods (FPs) of 20 years between 2020 and 2099. The frequency analysis of SOC stock changes indicated a different effect of the GCMs/RCPs ensemble in the four future periods, with patterns showing more evident nonlinear probabilities of SOC changes in the 2030s and 2050s compared to the almost linear probabilities in the remaining future periods. This would imply that the effect of the GCMs/RCPs ensemble is more important in very close and intermediate future scenarios (the 2030s and 2050s) compared to fully realized climate change scenarios (the 2070s and 2090s). Results indicated the need to provide assistance in the management strategies in the reforestation sector in close and intermediate climate change scenarios. In fact, maple and quercus plantations had the highest probability of cumulated SOC change proving more sensitive to climate change. Conversely, cypress and alder plantations could limit the decrease of SOC stocks representing a good option for GHG mitigation in close and intermediate climate change scenarios and should be preferred in the afforestation of the degraded natural forest, and in mixed plantation systems within maple and oak stands.

Tree species preference and rehabilitation perspective by local community: Case study in Bondowoso, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Danarto SA, Budiharta S, Fauziah. 2019. Tree species preference and rehabilitation perspective by local community: Case study in Bondowoso, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J For 3: 54-63. Study of community’s preference on tree species used for rehabilitation programs was conducted in Gubrih sub-watershed, Sampean watershed in Bondowoso District, East Java. The aim of the study was to find out tree species that have ecological values as well as are preferred by local community for rehabilitation program in the region. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents chosen randomly (i.e. to minimize bias) to select tree species which have ecological and/or economic values. Result of the study showed that among 62 species of trees listed in the questionnaire, there were 45 species chosen by the respondents. There were 13 species of trees selected by more than 20% of total of respondent (high preferred), suggesting the potential list of species for rehabilitation programs in the region. Local community in Gubrih Sub-watershed have understood the importance of trees as a source of income as well as a measure to conserve environmental functions. This is strengthened with land-use systems they selected which prefer tree-based land-use system, such as in the form of plantation of timber species and agroforestry over dry land agriculture. The findings of this study suggest that there is opportunity in rehabilitating degraded lands in Sampean watershed using tree species preferred by local community under the land use system of timber plantation or agroforestry. Our study demonstrates that similar strategy of incorporating ecological and socio-economic perspectives could be applied to another regional context to enhance the chance of success of rehabilitation programs.

Tree species preference and rehabilitation perspective by local community: Case study in Bondowoso, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Danarto SA, Budiharta S, Fauziah. 2019. Tree species preference and land rehabilitation perspective by local community: Case study in Bondowoso, East Java, Indonesia. Asian J For 3: 54-63. Forest and land rehabilitation efforts require socio-economic assessment to enhance the likelihood of success when such efforts are implemented on the ground. This study aimed to find out local community’s preference on tree species used for rehabilitation programs and their perspective that influence such selections in regard to social, economic and ecological objectives of land management. The study was conducted Gubrih sub-watershed, Sampean watershed in Bondowoso District, East Java, Indonesia which provided an ideal case study of land rehabilitation. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents chosen randomly to select tree species that have ecological and/or economic values. Result of the study showed that among 62 species of trees listed in the questionnaire, there were 45 species chosen by the respondents. There were 13 species of trees selected by more than 20% of total respondents (high preferred), suggesting the potential list of species for rehabilitation programs in the region. Local community in Gubrih Sub-watershed had understood the importance of trees as a source of income as well as a measure to conserve environmental functions. This was strengthened with land-use systems they selected which preferred tree-based land-use systems, such as in the form of plantation of timber species and agroforestry over dry land agriculture. The findings of this study suggested that there is opportunity in rehabilitating degraded lands in Sampean watershed using tree species preferred by local communities under the land use system of timber plantation or agroforestry. Our study demonstrates that similar strategy of incorporating ecological and socio-economic perspectives could be applied to another regional context to enhance the chance of success of rehabilitation programs.

FORUM ON KATHARINE GERBNER'S CHRISTIAN SLAVERY: CONVERSION AND RACE IN THE PROTESTANT ATLANTIC WORLD

Between roughly 1500 and nearly the end of the nineteenth century, slave traders sent more than twelve million enslaved Africans to the Americas. It is no secret that Christianity was deeply complicit with the rise of the plantation system that created the lethally voracious demand for forced labor. Two basic questions have preoccupied historians studying the links between religion and slavery: why did Christianity become an ideological bulwark for human bondage; and why did enslaved Africans and their descendants begin to embrace a religion so friendly to slavery, inverting it into a spiritual vernacular of liberation and transcendence? Whereas historians of Atlantic world Protestantism have mostly probed these questions in their North American contexts, Katherine Gerbner's book, Christian Slavery: Conversion and Race in the Protestant Atlantic World, shifts the focus to the Caribbean of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Protestant missionaries there began proselytizing among enslaved Africans at least half a century earlier than in North America, creating connections between race, religion, and slavery that would prove perniciously durable across both time and region. In this forum, four distinguished scholars consider the implications of Gerbner's work.

Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of Soil Organic Carbon Content in Farmland of Beijing Plain: Implication for the Fate of Engineered Polymers in Soil

Soil organic matter (SOM), as a kind of natural polymers, affects the migration and transport of ions and particles in soil system due to its surface characteristics and interaction and then causes significant changes in soil quality such as soil fertility loss and pollutant transfer. It is of great importance to study the temporal and spatial evolution of soil organic matter and its driving mechanism for soil health management. This study aims to fully reveal the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland of the Beijing plain based on a six-year site monitoring. According to the research results, there is a significant difference in the overall soil organic content during the 6-year period. The temporal stability of SOC is moderate, and it is inversely proportional to SOC content in terms of spatial distribution. SOC content increases as organic fertilizer input rises, and an extra unit (15 kg·ha−1) of organic fertilizer input leads to an increase of 0.057 g·kg−1 in SOC content. The soil with higher clay content exhibits higher SOC content. The organic carbon content in different soil texture types increases with time, and there is a significant difference between the increases in medium loam and light loam. The grain field plantation system exhibited declining SOC content, while the protected vegetable fields, open vegetable fields, and orchards all showed an increase in SOC content. According to our results, the SOC content of farmland in the plain areas of Beijing is largely dependent on the input of organic carbon if other conditions remain unchanged or exhibit insignificant changes.

A spatially explicit approach to modeling biological productivity and economic attractiveness of short-rotation woody crops in the eastern USA

Over the past two decades, the United States government conducted detailed analyses of the potential of a biobased national energy strategy that produced four unified studies, namely the 2005–2016 US Billion-Ton Study and updates. With each effort, better perspective was gained on the biophysical potential of biomass and the economic availability of these resources on a national scale. It was also apparent that many questions remained, including crop yields, logistical operations, and systems integration across production and harvest. These reports accentuated the need for improving geospatial performance metrics for biomass supply chains. This study begins to address these problems by developing spatially specific data layers that incorporate data on soils, climatology, growth, and economics for short-rotation woody biomass plantations. Methods were developed to spatially assess the potential productivity and profitability of four candidate species Pinus taeda L., Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall and Populus hybrids, Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, and Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage for biomass plantations in the eastern United States. Productivity was estimated using the process-based growth model 3PG (Physiological Processes Predicting Growth) parameterized at the resolution of the United States 5-digit zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). Each ZCTA is unique in terms of species suitability, cost, and productive potential. These data layers make available dedicated energy crop analyses for practitioners interested in facility siting scenarios in conjunction with a species growth potential at a particular location. Production systems for SRWC are extremely regionalized given key biophysical and economic factors that determine the potential for acceptable growth and profitability. This analysis points to the return on invested capital being dependent on the site location of a species within its operable range. Large-scale biomass plantation systems are feasible in regions with higher potential internal rate of return. The higher the potential return, the more desirable it is to plant the specific species on the site. Increasing the available feedstock by lowering cost, increasing productivity, and stabilizing logistics would have a similar effect as higher feedstock prices. The modeled growth can be used for further economic evaluation, carbon sequestration studies, and sustainability research.

Organic fertilizers have divergent effects on soil N2O emissions

A field experiment was conducted in a subtropical tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) plantation in Jiangsu Province, China, including the following treatments: no nitrogen (N) fertilizer (control), conventional mineral N fertilizer (urea) (CN), soybean cake fertilizer (SF), pig manure (PM), cattle manure (CaM), chicken manure (CM), and CM + biochar (CMB). Cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions were 4.8 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.3 kg N ha−1 year−1 under CN, respectively, and increased to 5.4 ± 0.2 and 4.6 ± 0.3 kg N ha−1 year−1 under SF (P < 0.05), respectively. Treatments with livestock manures (PM, CaM, and CM) reduced N2O (41.4–49.6%) and NO (46.5–59.8%) emission in comparison to CN. Combined amendment of CM and biochar more effectively reduced N2O emissions than CM treatment alone. Based on a meta-analysis of 26 global paired measurements in acid soils, the threshold of C/N ratios of organic fertilizers between the positive and negative responses of N2O emissions to organic fertilizers was 8.6 with a range of 4.5–22.3 (95% confidence interval), indicating that reduced N2O emission under PM, CaM and CM was potentially due to their C/N ratios compared to the threshold. Organic fertilizer application did not influence tea yield, while combined application of CM and biochar increased tea yield and resulted in the least yield-scaled N2O emission. N2O and NO emission factors for N fertilizers applied under CN were 1.9 ± 0.1% and 1.5 ± 0.2%, respectively, and reduced to 0.08 ± 0.04% and 0.12 ± 0.04% under CMB, respectively. The results suggest that tea plantations in the subtropical region are hotspots for N2O and NO emissions. Combined application of chicken manure and biochar could mitigate N gas emissions and increase yield in the tea plantation systems.

Conversion of rainforest to oil palm and rubber plantations alters energy channels in soil food webs.

In the last decades, lowland tropical rainforest has been converted in large into plantation systems. Despite the evident changes above ground, the effect of rainforest conversion on the channeling of energy in soil food webs was not studied. Here, we investigated community‐level neutral lipid fatty acid profiles in dominant soil fauna to track energy channels in rainforest, rubber, and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Abundant macrofauna including Araneae, Chilopoda, and Diplopoda contained high amounts of plant and fungal biomarker fatty acids (FAs). Lumbricina had the lowest amount of plant, but the highest amount of animal‐synthesized C20 polyunsaturated FAs as compared to other soil taxa. Mesofauna detritivores (Collembola and Oribatida) contained high amounts of algal biomarker FAs. The differences in FA profiles between taxa were evident if data were analyzed across land‐use systems, suggesting that soil fauna of different size (macro‐ and mesofauna) are associated with different energy channels. Despite that, rainforest conversion changed the biomarker FA composition of soil fauna at the community level. Conversion of rainforest into oil palm plantations enhanced the plant energy channel in soil food webs and reduced the bacterial energy channel; conversion into rubber plantations reduced the AMF‐based energy channel. The changes in energy distribution within soil food webs may have significant implications for the functioning of tropical ecosystems and their response to environmental changes. At present, these responses are hard to predict considering the poor knowledge on structure and functioning of tropical soil food webs.

Parasitoid Diversity and Host-Parasitoid Interaction in Oil Palm Plantations with Different Management System

Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.

Linking size spectrum, energy flux and trophic multifunctionality in soil food webs of tropical land-use systems.

Many ecosystem functions depend on the structure of food webs, which heavily relies on the body size spectrum of the community. Despite that, little is known on how the size spectrum of soil animals responds to agricultural practices in tropical land-use systems and how these responses affect ecosystem functioning. We studied land-use-induced changes in below-ground communities in tropical lowland ecosystems in Sumatra (Jambi province, Indonesia), a hot spot of tropical rainforest conversion into rubber and oil palm plantations. The study included ca. 30,000 measured individuals from 33 high-order taxa of meso- and macrofauna spanning eight orders of magnitude in body mass. Using individual body masses, we calculated the metabolism of trophic guilds and used food web models to calculate energy fluxes and infer ecosystem functions, such as decomposition, herbivory, primary and intraguild predation. Land-use change was associated with reduced abundance and taxonomic diversity of soil invertebrates, but strong increase in total biomass and moderate changes in total energy flux. These changes were due to increased biomass of large-sized decomposers in soil, in particular earthworms, with their share in community metabolism increasing from 11% in rainforest to 59%-76% in jungle rubber, and rubber and oil palm plantations. Decomposition, that is the energy flux to decomposers, stayed unchanged, but herbivory, primary and intraguild predation decreased by an order of magnitude in plantation systems. Intraguild predation was very important, being responsible for 38% of the energy flux in rainforest according to our model. Conversion of rainforest into monoculture plantations is associated by an uneven loss of size classes and trophic levels of soil invertebrates resulting in sequestration of energy in large-sized primary consumers and restricted flux of energy to higher trophic levels. Pronounced differences between rainforest and jungle rubber reflect sensitivity of rainforest soil animal communities to moderate land-use changes. Soil communities in plantation systems sustained high total energy flux despite reduced biodiversity. The high energy flux into large decomposers but low energy fluxes into other trophic guilds suggests that trophic multifunctionality of below-ground communities is compromised in plantation systems.

Implementation of smart monitoring system in vertical farming

The agriculture industry is facing labour shortage problem due to the difficulty to employ workers for “3D” (dangerous, dirty and difficult) jobs. This will reduce the number of labours needed and minimize the threats associated with the traditional agricultural system. Cyber-physical system (CPS) can provide farmers with a framework to remotely monitor and control the various factors that affect plant growth. The aim of this project is to implement CPS into a vertical farming system in which an Android-based remote monitoring and control (M&C) system is developed based on CPS for optimal production of the plantation system using Arduino ESP32 and sensors through the Internet. Experiments were carried to evaluate the practicality of implementing CPS in vertical farming process. Growth factors that were monitored and controlled in the experiments include ambient temperature, water temperature, humidity, pH level, light and carbon dioxide. In this study, an android application was developed and evaluated. The controlled parameters were display on the phone. The evaluation results shown that, the CPS system is practical to be used in plant growth monitoring (sensors and feedback system) and plant growth optimisation (sensors, feedback system and actuators). In addition, the automation of plant growth monitoring process can overcome the shortage of manpower in agriculture industry.

Las etiquetas de las botellas de vino: su valor como recurso comercial y como expresión del paisaje vitivinícola

El uso de fuentes visuales como la pintura, la fotografía, la cartografía o el cine proporcionan valiosa información sobre la dinámica acaecida en el paisaje a lo largo del tiempo. A través de ellas se pueden ver los elementos que permanecen en un territorio, los que desaparecen y los nuevos que se incorporan. En el caso del paisaje vitivinícola, estas fuentes ofrecen información sobre la relación del relieve con el viñedo, los sistemas de plantación utilizados o los diseños de las bodegas, a lo que hay que añadir las transformaciones acontecidas en las últimas décadas.En este artículo, se analiza el papel que pueden adquirir otras fuentes, en concreto las etiquetas de vino, como una herramienta que contribuya a proporcionar información en los estudios del paisaje vitivinícola. A través de ellas se pueden conocer los elementos que lo componen, en especial los viñedos, las bodegas y las labores del campo, así como otros componentes del espacio geográfico, además de convertirse en un recurso comerial para la promoción de los vinos y del territorio.

Blackness and lines of beauty in the eighteenth-century Anglophone Atlantic world

ABSTRACTThis essay recalibrates the visual signifier of blackness in eighteenth-century art to the period’s adjoining theories and visual aesthetics of lines. The uneven archive of eighteenth-century Anglophone materials – comprised of visual representations of black subjects and written works by black subjects – invites readers of the present to move between, at least, visual and textual modes of interpretation. Building from the scholarship of David Dabydeen and the work of eighteenth-century Londoner, grocer, critic and free black artist Ignatius Sancho, this essay argues that the interplay of visual and textual lines renews readings of eighteenth-century representations of blackness. On the one hand, readings around this interplay open up a recognition of the interrelatedness of literary production, like the rise of the English novel, and the Caribbean plantation system; on the other, these readings gesture at the submerged relationships between eighteenth-century black subjects in the Anglophone Atlantic world.

Composition and structure community of arthropods in organic and conventional arabica coffee plantation

A series of observation was conducted in Arabica coffee plantation, in Bener Meriah Regency of Aceh Province, Indonesia. We investigated the difference of arthropods biodiversity in Arabica coffee plantation between organic and conventional farming system. The result showed that the composition and structure community of the arthropods in organic coffee plantation were higher than those of the conventional ones. In coffee plantations that are managed organically the number of orders and family of arthropod are far more than conventional ones, namely (10 orders, 65 families) and (7 orders, 31 families) respectively. Some of the arthropod species that were collected potentially have a role as predators or parasitoids of insect pests on the coffee plant. On organic coffee, fields were found 7 orders, 20 families and 45 species of arthropod that were potential as natural enemies of insect pests, while in conventional land only 4 orders, 13 families and 32 species were found. The others have a role as decomposers, pollinators, etc. The result of this research indicated that the organic farming system of coffee plantation has played an important role in maintaining the biodiversity of the insects in a coffee plantation.

The Optimal Felling Rate in the Palm Oil Plantation System

Successful palm oil plantation should have high returns profit, clean and environmental friendly. Since oil palm trees have a long life and it takes years to be fully grown, controlling the felling rate of the palm oil trees is a fundamental challenge. It needs to be addressed in order to maximize oil production. However, a good arrangement of the felling palm oil trees may still affect the amount of carbon absorption. The objective of this study is to develop an optimal felling model of the palm oil plantation system taking into account both oil production and carbon absorption. The model facilitates in providing the optimal control of felling rate that results in maximizing both oil production and carbon absorption. With this aim, the model is formulated considering palm oil biomass, carbon absorption rate, oil production rate and the average prices of carbon and oil palm. A set of real data is used to estimate the parameters of the model and numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the application of the proposed model. The resulting parameter estimation is solved that leads to an optimal control of felling rate problem.