Plantation Sub-sector Research Articles

Identifikasi Potensi Wilayah untuk Mendukung Program Penyuluhan Pertanian di Kecamatan Jumo, Kabupaten Temanggung, Provinsi Jawa Tengah

<p><em>Temanggung Regency has 20 sub-districts and many excellent potentials, including rice, robusta coffee, sugar palm, vanilla and cloves. This substantial potential for development to increase business efficiency, productivity, income and welfare through farming, likewise with agricultural extension activities which are the spearhead of the learning process to improve the welfare of farmers. It is necessary to identify potential areas in extension activities to develop effective and targeted extension programs. For this reason, this study aims to identify the potential of agricultural commodities in Jumo Sub-district, Temanggung Regency using a participatory rural appraisal approach can facilitate the exchange of information between stakeholders to work together in planning the right program. In addition, through location quation (LQ) analysis, it is found that the potential agricultural commodity in Jumo Sub-district is rice for the food crop subsector. In the plantation subsector, there is robusta coffee. It is hoped that the superior commodities of Jumo Sub-district can be further improved by maximizing farming business and can be a reference in making extension programs in Jumo Sub-district, Temanggung Regency.</em></p>

Pengaruh Rasio Return On Asset & Return On Equity terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Sub Sektor Perkebunan di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze how the effect of return on asset ratio (ROA) and return on equity ratio (ROE) simultaneously on stock prices in Plantation Sub-Sector Companies for the Period 2016-2020. To find out and analyze how the effect of return on asset ratio (ROA) and return on equity ratio (ROE) partially on the stock price in Plantation Sub-Sector Companies for the Period 2016-2020. In this research design is a descriptive design that is a study that is an exposure to the variables studied and the dependence of sub-variables. In this study the study using descriptive design involves quantitative data equipped with qualitative data. The object of the research used in this study is the plantation industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The reason the author uses the plantation industry as an object of research is because in Indonesia Plantation has a very wide market share which is one of the largest foreign exchange distributors for the country so that it can provide a significant role for the Indonesian economy. From the values of the coefficient obtained the following linear regression equation: Log Y = 3,966 + 2,403 X1 – 2,580 X2 + e. The regression coefficient of the return on asset (X1) variable of 2,403 means that the return on asset (X1) has a positive effect on the stock price. This indicates that if the return on asset (X1) increases by 1%, then the stock price will increase by 2,403.The value of the variable regression coefficient of return on equity (X2) 2,580 gives the sense that the return on equity (X2) negatively affects the stock price. This indicates that if the return on equity (X2) increases by 1%, then the stock price decreases by 2,580%. Simultaneously return on asset and return on equity have a significant effect on the stock price of 0.425 this figure shows that variable return on asset (X1) and return on equity (X2) can explain the change in stock price profit of 42.5 instead of 57.5% caused by other variables outside of this study.

ANALISIS USAHATANI KOPI RAKYAT DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN TOTAL KELUARGA DI KECAMATAN SEMENDE DARAT LAUT KABUPATEN MUARAENIM

Coffee is a leading commodity in the plantation sub-sector. The value of coffee commodities to the Indonesian economy can be seen from the volume (amount) of exports and the value of coffee exports. The results showed that based on the research results, the average income of smallholder coffee farmers in Semende Darat Laut District was Rp. 37,320,257.00 (Rp/ha/year) The average contribution is 87.2%. This means that 87.2% of people's coffee farming contributes to the total family income in Semende Darat Laut District, Muaraenim Regency. Variables of production (X1), price (X2), revenue (X3) and land area have a significant effect on the income of smallholder coffee farmers. While the pesticide variable (X5) does not significantly affect the income of smallholder coffee farmers in Semende Darat Laut District, Muaraenim Regency.

Analisis Kontribusi Sektor Pertanian Dalam Meningkatkan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Bener Meriah di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The agricultural sector is the largest contributor to the district's GDP. Really Merry. However, this sector has a slow growth rate from year to year. Therefore, this study aims to see how far the contribution of the agricultural sector, especially the agricultural sub-sector, using SS and LQ analysis. This research is qualitative, while the data analysis technique uses Shift Share (SS) and Location Quetient (LQ) analysis. The results showed that the contribution of the agricultural sub-sector to the GRDP of Bener Meriah Regency in 2020 was highest in the Plantation sub-sector, which was 20.39% worth Rp. 741.50 billion of the total GRDP of the agricultural sector in the Bener Meriah area. By using the LQ method, the main agricultural sub-sectors are the horticulture sub-sector, the plantation sub-sector and the food crops sub-sector, while the non-primary agricultural sub-sectors are the livestock and fishery sub-sectors. And based on the analysis of Agricultural Shift Share in Bener Meriah Regency, the fastest growing sub-sectors (PPij > 0) are the horticulture, plantation and fishery sub-sectors with growth values ​​of 3.71% each; 6.57%; and 2.44%. In terms of competitiveness, the agricultural sub-sector with good competitiveness (PPWij > 0) is only the food crops sub-sector with a growth value of 10.65% according to the proportion of the region. Based on the net shift value, no sub-sectors experienced progressive growth (PBij > 0). By comparing the net shift and the competitiveness of the agricultural sub-sector in Bener Meriah Regency, priorities can be established. The priority scales are: 1) food crops sub-sector, 2) fishery sub-sector, 3) livestock sub-sector, 4) horticulture sub-sector, 5) plantation sub-sector.
 Keywords : Contribution, Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)

Factors Affecting Company Value in Agricultural

The Influence of Profitability, Company Size, Dividend Policy, Inflation, and Interest Rates on Firm Value in Plantation Subsector Agricultural Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 Period.This study aims to examine the effect of Profitability, Company Size, Dividend Policy, Inflation, and Interest Rates on Firm Value. The samples of this research were 6 plantation subsector agricultural companies which were listed on the stock exchangeIndonesiaselected using purposive sampling method during the 2015-2019 study. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression. Based on the test results, it is concluded that profitability affects firm value, firm size affects firm value, dividend policy affects firm value, inflation affects firm value, and interest rates affect firm value.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Tukar Petani Komoditas Nilam di Provinsi Aceh

The plantation sub-sector is one of the sub-sectors that has great potential in the agricultural sector of Aceh Province. This is evidenced by the plantation sub-sector capable of contributing 32.43% of the total GRDP of the agricultural sector. Based on the status of exploitation, the plantation sub-sector in Indonesia is divided into smallholder plantations (PR), large state plantations (PBN) and large private plantations (PBS). One of the plantation commodities that have potential in Aceh Province is patchouli. Aceh is able to fully contribute to Indonesia's patchouli production with a contribution of 18.78%. Patchouli Aceh has special features compared to other patchouli. Patchouli Aceh is able to produce high yields, which is around 2.5-5% while other patchouli are only able to produce yields of 1-2%. The farmer's exchange rate (NTP) of patchouli as an indicator of the level of welfare of patchouli farmers shows an index that is still low and even continues to decline. This condition shows that the developed agribusiness system has not fully prospered the farmers. Various factors, both internal and external, can affect the exchange rate of farmers.This study aims to identify the factors that influence the exchange rate of patchouli farmers in Aceh Province. The object of this research is the exchange rate of patchouli farmers. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of a time series with a range of 2010-2020 which is sourced from various literatures and related agencies. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis method to analyze the factors that affect the exchange rate of patchouli farmers in Aceh Province. The model testing carried out includes the normality test, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, coefficient of determination, F test to determine the effect of variables simultaneously and T test to determine the effect of variables partially.Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the variables of productivity, patchouli prices at the farm level and GRDP in the agricultural sector had a significant effect, while inflation at the rural level had no significant effect on the exchange rate of patchouli farmers. Productivity, patchouli prices at the farm level and GRDP in the agricultural sector have a positive relationship to the patchouli farmer's exchange rate while inflation at the rural level has a negative relationship to the patchouli farmer's exchange rate.

Response of four oil palm varieties to low frond desiccation in the main nursery with water stress conditions on peat

Oil palm is an important commodities for plantation sub-sector in Indonesia. The limitation of mineral soils for agriculture directs utilization of peatland for oil palm plantation. The major problem of peatland plantations is Low Frond Desiccation (LFD) due to fluctuation of groundwater. This study observed the responses of oil palm in the main nursery to water stress as well as the changes in physical and physiological properties of plants. This research using factorial randomized block design, replicated three times with two factors (four oil palm varieties and five watering stoppage) to determine plant responses to watering stoppage. The results showed that watering stoppage can increase the LFD incidence, decrease leaf chlorophyll, water content and plant height. The highest incidence and LFD intensity was at 5 weeks watering stoppage with the highest LFD intensity value of 45.67%. LFD started at 2 weeks watering stoppage with LFD intensity ranging from Dumpy variety 17.69%, DxP 540 variety 28.58%, Langkat variety 29,46%, Yangambi variety 38.89%. The oil palm varieties having the highest LFD intensity at 5 weeks watering stoppage were found in the Yangambi variety and the lowest was in the Dumpy variety.

Perubahan Tingkat Harga dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit di Wilayah Basis terhadap Kinerja Perdagangan Kelapa Sawit Indonesia

The agricultural sector, especially the plantation sub-sector, has an important role in the national economy, so this sector must receive the government's attention, especially those related to the management and strategic use of its products, which involve the provision of export products to state revenues. This study uses time series data obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Central Statistics Agency (BPS), with analytical methods through quantitative descriptive analysis, trend analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the price level and production of palm oil in the Sentra area of Riau, North Sumatra and Central Kalimantan Provinces were still fluctuating, the price level of Palm Oil also affected the production and trade performance of Indonesian palm oil directly or indirectly in the base area. For this reason, the government must respond to barriers to Indonesian palm oil exports, especially those related to competitive trade policies between countries as well as maintaining price stability and national palm oil production.

Integrated Village Concept Planning Strategy Through The Potential of Agricultural Commodities (Case Study of Kweel Village, Merauke District)

Agriculture is one of the important sectors supporting the economy of a region, but its contribution tends to decrease every year. In order to support agricultural development, especially in villages, the government applies the concept of regional development with an integrated village approach. This concept can be implemented by knowing the potential and competitiveness of agricultural commodities and conditions in the field. Thus, this study aims to identify the potential and level of competitiveness of superior agricultural commodities and to formulate an integrated village-based regional economic development strategy. The analytical method used is the method of LQ analysis, Shift Share and SWOT. The results showed that superior and competitive commodities included sago, taro and sweet potato in the food crops sub-sector, mustard greens and bamboo shoots in the vegetables sub-sector, matoa, pineapple, bananas in the fruits sub-sector. Coconut and cashew in the plantation subsector and snapper, tilapia and snakehead in the fisheries sub-sector. The strategy that can be applied is the aggressive strategy (S-O), which is facilitating the provision of agricultural production facilities as well as increasing training and policy outreach, especially related to the development of integrated villages.

Implications of Implementation of Agriculture Asset Accounting Standards in Plantation Subsector Companies

The existence of business potential in agriculture has also contributed to the movement of digital economy trends, which has created a platform that can connect stakeholders in the agricultural sector. The availability of information through the platform requires financial reports that are guided by the applicable Financial Accounting Standards. PSAK 69 is an agricultural accounting standard that adopts IAS 41, which regulates accounting rules for the process of biological growth and transformation in plants and animals, up to the yield of the process. PSAK 69 became effective on January 1, 2018. This study aims to explore the implementation of accounting standards for agricultural assets in Indonesia's plantation sector. The sample of this study consisted of 24 plantation companies and food crops. The data collection method used documentation techniques, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. This study finds that all companies recognize and measure biological assets managed based on PSAK 69, and there are only a few companies that carry out full disclosure points of PSAK 69

Determination of superior agriculture commodities in North Sumatra Province

This study aims to determine the contribution of the agriculture sector in the economy in North Sumatra Province and to find out the superior agriculture commodities. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely data on the production of various agricultural commodities in North Sumatra Province and Indonesia for the period 2019-2020. Quantitative description analysis in the form of contribution analysis and growth analysis is used to determine the contribution of the agricultural sector in the economy in North Sumatra Province in 2016-2020. Static Location Quotient (SLQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) analyses are used to analyze superior agricultural commodities. The results show that the contribution of the agricultural sector has decreased to the economy in North Sumatra Province in the 2016-2020 period. The results of the SLQ and DLQ analyses show that the superior agricultural commodities that are cross-sub-sectoral are Red Chili, Cabbage, Tomato, Eggplant, Durian, Salak, Rubber, and Fisheries. The superior agricultural commodities come from the Horticulture Sub-sector, Plantation Sub-sector, and Fisheries Sub-sector. Meanwhile, commodities originating from the Food crop Sub-sector and Livestock Sub-sector did not contribute to the creation of superior agriculture commodities in North Sumatra Province in 2019-2020.

The 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Plantation (ICSP): Improving Added Value of Plantation Crops through Sustainable Plantation

A. SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE 1. Introduction 1.1. Background The Covid-19 pandemic has caused shocks not only in the health aspect but also in all aspects of the global community‟s life. It has significant effect in all sectors of the economy, including the agricultural sector. However, the agricultural sector, including the plantation sub-sector, is a sector that has been able to survive and even shows positive growth. On the other hand, the agricultural commodities from the plantation sector have been significant in job opportunities and export earnings. Major plantation crops such as oil palm, coconut, sago palm, rubber, coffee, cacao, tea, pepper, clove, medicinal plants, and sugarcane may continue their significant contribution to the economy of many tropical countries. These countries will still dominate as the world‟s leading producers of those plantations, at least soon. Plantation and agricultural sectors are labor-intensive. As these sectors are steadily expanding, a reliable workforce requirement has become one of the major issues resulting in huge dependency on capacity development to fulfill the rising need.The 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Plantation (ICSP) was virtually-held in collaboration between the Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University with Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development (ICECRD), The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), with involving the Indonesian Palmae Crops Research Institute (IPCRI), Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), and Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops ResearchList of Table, Images, Paper Publication, Funding Acknowledgements, Special Acknowledgements, List Of Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

PENGURANGAN KADAR AIR OPTIMAL (MOISTURE CONTENT) BLANKET SIR 10 MELALUI PROSES MATURASI DI PABRIK PENGOLAHAN KARET

Natural rubber processing is one of the potential agro-industrial sectors for Indonesia, whose role is quite important as a foreign exchange earner for the plantation sub-sector. The production rate of 1.6 million tons in 2002 or 22% of the world's total natural rubber production has placed Indonesia as the second largest producing country after Thailand. This study aims to determine whether the quality of blanket sir 10 is optimal by using a maturation time of 11 days, which is related to: Decreasing Blanket Moisture Content with Maturation Method, Analysis of Blanket Sample Data, Decreasing Water Content, Decreasing Blanket Moisture Content, Maturation Process. The method of this research was carried out in a crumb rubber processing factory using a research design: Bound variables Rubber sheet / blanket and crumb rubber from a rubber processing factory, the independent variables in this study were as follows: Maturation treatment: hanging, maturation time: 11 days. The total weight of samples I, II, III, and IV is 975.90 kg, the total water content evaporated is 8.85 kg and the amount of blanket shrinkage is 0.91%. This shrinkage of the blanket amounted to 0.91%, which is the total decrease in the blanket moisture content in the eleven (11) days maturation. This process of maturing takes place naturally. From data analysis and discussion of reducing the blanket moisture content for 11 days and processing material for SIR 10 (Standard Indonesian Rubber) / Low Grade Crumb Rubber, it is concluded, as follows: Using 4 (four types of samples with initial blanket weight: 20.15 kg) (sample 1), 20.85 kg (sample 2), 24.90 kg (sample 3), and 27.85 kg (sample 4). Decreased moisture content in sample 1 = 1.06%, sample 2 = 0, 85%, sample 3 = 0.87%, and sample 4 = 0.88%. The average reduction in water content in the blanket was 0.91% (for 11 days). In the reporting of this study, the blanket maturation time was set at 11 (eleven) days, although there are other maturation times, such as: 6 (six) days, and 8 (eight days). The relatively high water content in the blanket will affect the quality of SIR 10, such as: low Po and white clumps (whitespot).

PENGURANGAN KADAR AIR OPTIMAL (MOISTURE CONTENT) BLANKET SIR 10 MELALUI PROSES MATURASI DI PABRIK PENGOLAHAN KARET

Natural rubber processing is one of the potential agro-industrial sectors for Indonesia, whose role is quiteimportant as a foreign exchange earner for the plantation sub-sector. The production rate of 1.6 million tons in2002 or 22% of the world's total natural rubber production has placed Indonesia as the second largest producingcountry after Thailand. This study aims to determine whether the quality of blanket sir 10 is optimal by using amaturation time of 11 days, which is related to: Decreasing Blanket Moisture Content with Maturation Method,Analysis of Blanket Sample Data, Decreasing Water Content, Decreasing Blanket Moisture Content, MaturationProcess. The method of this research was carried out in a crumb rubber processing factory using a researchdesign: Bound variables Rubber sheet / blanket and crumb rubber from a rubber processing factory, theindependent variables in this study were as follows: Maturation treatment: hanging, maturation time: 11 days.The total weight of samples I, II, III, and IV is 975.90 kg, the total water content evaporated is 8.85 kg and theamount of blanket shrinkage is 0.91%. This shrinkage of the blanket amounted to 0.91%, which is the totaldecrease in the blanket moisture content in the eleven (11) days maturation. This process of maturing takes placenaturally. From data analysis and discussion of reducing the blanket moisture content for 11 days and processingmaterial for SIR 10 (Standard Indonesian Rubber) / Low Grade Crumb Rubber, it is concluded, as follows: Using4 (four types of samples with initial blanket weight: 20.15 kg) (sample 1), 20.85 kg (sample 2), 24.90 kg (sample3), and 27.85 kg (sample 4). Decreased moisture content in sample 1 = 1.06%, sample 2 = 0, 85%, sample 3 =0.87%, and sample 4 = 0.88%. The average reduction in water content in the blanket was 0.91% (for 11 days). Inthe reporting of this study, the blanket maturation time was set at 11 (eleven) days, although there are othermaturation times, such as: 6 (six) days, and 8 (eight days). The relatively h

BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY PADA USAHA PENGOLAHAN KOPI “UD TYYANA COFFEE” DI KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN

Coffee (Coffeea sp.) is an agricultural commodity in the plantation subsector which includes the mainstray export commodity,has high economic value and an important source of foreign exchange (net exporters) for Indonesia. UD Tyyana Coffee is one of the busnisesses that runs agribusiness of coffee commodities ranging from plantations to coffee processing. The aims of this study is to analyze the Blue Ocean Strategy at UD. Tyyana Coffee in the South Tapanuli Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The result of the research is in running a large strategic series, UD Tyyana Coffe breaks down strategies that are not yet owned by competitors, such as (1) Improving product quality and HR will provide benefits to consumers by providing maximum results. Creating a trend of locations with cafe nuances and facilities such as homestays will increase the emotional appeal of consumers; (2) In the formulation of the Blue Ocean Strategy, the price offered by UD Tyyana Coffee is very attractive and does not change, so it does not affect consumer purchasing power; (3) The costs incurred for this strategy are still affordable. By improving service, it is only intensified when serving ground coffee to provide education about coffee; (4) Adopting the Blue Ocean Strategy requires commitment and cooperation in its processing.

Analisis Skala Usaha Dan Finansial Minyak Sere Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus rendle. Lin) Di Kabupaten Gayo Lues

Sere Wangi is a plantation commodity which is the prima donna in Gayo Lues Regency with the largest production compared to the production of other commodities. The contribution of the plantation sub-sector to the regional economy is also quite large because in Gayo Lues Regency, up to now, there have been many activities in the plantation business, especially the Sere Wangi plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the scale of business and financial business of citronella farming which is processed into citronella oil in Gayo Lues Regency. The research was conducted in Gayo Lues Regency, with a descriptive method. The research method is survey with sampling done by purposive sampling with the amount of data taken by farmers as many as 99 respondents and traders as many as 10 respondents. The research results of sere wangi farmers have obtained profits with an average production of citronella oil of 164.55 kg / year, with a minimum cultivated area of 0.67 ha or 6,657.09 M2, farmers have BEP for land area. Financially, sere wangi farming is feasible to continue to be developed with a Net Benefit Cost Ratio (NBCR) value of 2.57. This means that every one rupiah that is spent during the farming life of lemongrass produces Rp 2.57 units of net benefits. Keywords: Citronella Oil, Business Scale, Feasibility. BEP

The Effect of Liquidity Ratio and Solvency Ratio on the Profitability of Plantation Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

This study was conducted to determine the effect of liquidity and solvency on profitability in plantation sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 to 2020 because it often happens that companies are unable to balance their liquidity and solvency positions because the target company is pursuing profits without compensating management in terms of the ability to pay the debt.This study uses multiple regression analysis with a significance of 0.05. Liquidity variable is measured using current ratio, solvency is measured by debt ratio, while profitability is measured by return on assets. The sampling method used is purposive sampling method. The results partially show that liquidity has a significant effect on profitability, while solvency also has a significant effect on profitability and has a significant effect on profitability. Simultaneously liquidity and solvency have a significant effect on profitability.

Development of Superior Plantation Commodities Based on Sustainable Development

Riau is an Indonesian province known for its large plantations. The plantation business makes the most significant contribution to the fiscal revenues of the province. This paper aims to innovate rural economy through the sustainable development of superior commodities in the plantation sub-sector of agriculture. Specifically, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was performed to determine the superior commodities in each locality. The results show that the superior commodities include palm oil, rubber, coconut, cocoa, coffee, and sago. The development of these commodities could boost farmers’ income with the added value of planation products. On this basis, the fair use of land for all categories was highlighted from social, economic, and environmental perspectives, and recognized as essential to the development of sustainable plantations, which are integral to rural economy and land sustainability. The proposed development strategy for superior commodities in plantation is in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Riau Province, Indonesia.

Dampak Struktur Modal dan Profitabilitas terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Sub Sektor Perkebunan yang Go Publik di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure (X1), profitability (X2) simultaneously and partially on firm value in plantation sub-sector companies that go public on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses a quantitative approach. Determining the sample of companies using purposive sampling technique by considering companies that are listed and no listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and have financial statements from 2015-2019, so the total sample is 7 companies in the plantation sub-sector. Sources data of research are from audited company annual reports and from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id) and ICMD (Indonesia Capital Market Directory). The result of the study shows that the capital structure and profitability simultaneously have a significant effect on firm value. Capital structure partially has no significant effect on firm value in plantation sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Determinant of Difficulty in Purchasing Decisions for Local Coffee Brands: Testing Knowledge of Product Class as Moderator

<p>Coffee is one of the leading commodities in the plantation sub-sector in Indonesia because it has good market opportunities both locally and globally. The purpose of this research was to find out how the effect of perceived product similarity, product choices overload in the market toward decisions making difficulty, and knowledge of product classes as moderating variable. Data were collected using Google Forms and a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents in this study were 300 coffee consumers which were drawn using the purposive sampling method. Moderated regression was used to analyze this study. The results showed that perceived product similarity influences product choices overload positively and decision-making difficulties negatively. Choice overload had an insignificant effect on decision-making difficulties, and product class knowledge moderates the effect of perceived product similarity on decision-making difficulty. These findings provide insight into the importance of the brand as a distinguishing identity from other products.</p>