Plantarum Treatment Research Articles

Microbiome dynamics during ensiling of corn with and without Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant.

Microbial population dynamics associated with corn silage, with and without Lactobacillus plantarum treatment, was studied. Whole crop corn was ensiled using laboratory silos and sampled at different times, up to 3months. The dominant bacteria, before ensiling, were Acinetobacter (38.5%) and Klebsiella (16.3%), while the dominant fungi were Meyerozyma (53.5%) and Candida (27.7%). During ensiling, the microbial population shifted considerably, and Lactobacillus (> 94%) and Candida (> 74%) became the most dominant microbial genera in both treated and untreated silages. Yet, lactic acid content was higher in the treated silage, while the microbial diversity was lower than in the untreated silage. Upon aerobic exposure, spoilage occurred more rapidly in the treated silage, possibly due to the higher abundance of lactic acid-assimilating fungi, such as Candida. Our study is the first to describe microbial population dynamics during whole-crop corn ensiling and the results indicate that microbial diversity may be an indicator of aerobic stability.

Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp62 to dam rats at the end of delivery and during lactation affects TGF-β1 level and nutritional milk composition, and body weight of pups.

Lactobacillus plantarum Lp62 is a lactic acid bacteria strain that has been isolated from cocoa beans and exhibited probiotic potential. The influence of oral administration of L. plantarum Lp62 on the growth of rat's pups; on yield, cytokines and milk composition was studied. Lactobacillus plantarum Lp62 is a lactic acid bacteria strain that has been isolated from cocoa beans. It was administered daily by gavage to Wistar rats (n = 8), from the 7th day before delivery and for 20 days during lactation, in a concentration of 1.44 × 109 CFU/rat. The dam and pups were weighed and milk was collected at 12th and 19th day for determination of protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and lactose by colorimetric assays. TGF-β1 milk levels were analyzed by ELISA. The mammary glands of rats were removed for histological analysis. To detect statistical differences between the groups, tests of mean differences at a significance level of 5% was performed. Supplementation with L. plantarum L62 resulted in significant higher weight of pups (p < 0.05), with similar weight on dams (p > 0.05). The milk yield was not altered by L. plantarum treatment, but the levels of protein, triglycerides and cholesterol were increased (p < 0.05), with no difference in lactose concentration (p > 0.05). Levels of TGF-β1 were higher in the milk of L. plantarum treatment (p < 0.05). The treatment of dams at the end of pregnancy and lactation with L. plantarum Lp62 increased nutritional content of milk, probably contributing to the higher weight of the pups. The higher levels of TGF-β1 in the milk, could promote immune benefits to the pups. Further studies in this field are needed to prove the potential use of L. plantarum Lp62 as a probiotic.

Lactobacillus plantarum attenuates oxidative stress and liver injury in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Pharmacognosy Magazine,2018,14,58,471-476.DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_279_18Published:November 2018Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Duangporn Werawatganon, Kanjana Somanawat, Somying Tumwasorn, Naruemon Klaikeaw, and Prasong Siriviriyakul Author(s) affiliations:Duangporn Werawatganon1, Kanjana Somanawat1, Somying Tumwasorn2, Naruemon Klaikeaw3, Prasong Siriviriyakul1 1 Department of Physiology, Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract:Background: Steatohepatitis is a morphological pattern of liver injury that, in non-alcoholic patients, may represent a form of chronic liver disease currently known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Probiotics, Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., have been proposed to prevent and treat different inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Objective: To examine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on the liver damage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (control, n = 8) was fed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 1 mL/rat. Group 2 (NASH, n = 8) was fed with 100% fat diet for 6 weeks. Group 3 (NASH + L. plantarum, n = 8) was fed with 100% fat diet plus L. plantarum 1.8 × 109 colony-forming unit/mL was suspended in PBS by gavage twice a day at an interval of 4 h for 6 weeks. All rats were sacrificed to collect blood and liver samples at the end of the treatment period. Results: The levels of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were increased while the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ) was decreased significantly in the NASH group as compared with the control group. Histopathology from the NASH group showed macrovesicular steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and lobular inflammation. The NASH + L. plantarum group had attenuated the levels of MDA and TNF-α, enhanced PPAR-γ expression, and improved the histopathology. Conclusion: L. plantarum treatment can attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation, and improvement of histopathology in rats with NASH. Keywords:Lactobacillus plantarum, liver injury, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, oxidative stress, ratsView:PDF (1.86 MB)

Prevention of Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens with Lactobacillus plantarum B1

Two studies were performed to assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum B1 in prevention of pathogenic Escherichia coli K88 gastrointestinal infection in broilers. In an in vitro study, L. plantarum B1 showed resistance to acid and bile and inhibited the growth of E. coli K88. Additionally, L. plantarum B1 exhibited high ability to adhere to broiler embryo ileal epithelium. In an animal trial, 240 broilers at 1 d of age were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment arms: negative control (NC) broilers fed a basal diet and not challenged; positive control (PC) broilers fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coli K88; L. plantarum (LP) treatment broilers fed a basal diet containing 2 × 109 cfu/kg L. plantarum B1 and challenged with E. coli K88; and antibiotic treatment (Anti) broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with colistin sulfate (20 mg/kg) and challenged with E. coli K88. Broilers fed L. plantarum B1 had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW than those in the PC treatment on d 14 and 28. Dietary L. plantarum B1 decreased (P < 0.05) E. coli counts in the cecal contents on d 10 and 14, and increased (P < 0.05) cecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on d 8, 10, 14, and 28 compared with the PC treatment. Dietary supplementation of L. plantarum B1 increased (P < 0.05) the ileal mucosal secretory IgA concentration and reduced (P < 0.05) IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the ileum. Overall, these results suggest dietary supplementation of L. plantarum B1 promotes growth performance, lowers cecal E. coli counts, and increases the population of cecal LAB, as well as improves intestinal mucosal immunity in E. coli K88-challenged broilers.

Anti-arthritic activity of cell wall content of Lactobacillus plantarum in freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats: involvement of cellular inflammatory mediators and other biomarkers.

Alteration of microbiota is related with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and administration of certain probiotics showed an improvement in RA. The present study was designed to find out the anti-arthritic activity of cell wall content of Lactobacillus plantarum in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Freund's adjuvant was injected into the left footpad in female rats on day 0 and dexamethasone (1mgkg-1, s.c.) & cell wall content of L. plantarum (105, 107, and 109cfu/animal, s.c.) treatment were given from day 7 to 21. The change in body weight, paw volume and arthritic index, joint stiffness, gait test, mobility test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, serum rheumatoid factor (RF), and serum TNF-α was measured on day 21. Cell wall content of L. plantarum treated animals showed improvement in all the parameters as compared to that in CFA-treated animals and exert anti-arthritic activity.

Mixed Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Induced Inflammation and Ameliorate Intestinal Microflora in Mice.

Objective. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes intestinal infection. We examined the immunomodulatory function of single and mixed Lactobacillus plantarum strains, as well as their impacts on the structure of the microbiome in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The experiment was divided into three groups: protection, treatment, and control. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels, as well as intestinal sIgA levels, were measured during and 1 week after infection with Staphylococcus aureus with and without Lactobacillus plantarum treatment. We used 16s rRNA tagged sequencing to analyze microbiome composition. IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased significantly from infection to convalescence, especially in the mixed Lactobacillus plantarum group. In the mixed Lactobacillus plantarum group the secretion of sIgA in the intestine of mice (9.4–9.7 ug/mL) was significantly higher than in the single lactic acid bacteria group. The dominant phyla in mice are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Treatment with mixed lactic acid bacteria increased the anti-inflammatory factor and the secretion of sIgA in the intestine of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus and inhibited inflammation.

Lactobacillus plantarum attenuates anxiety-related behavior and protects against stress-induced dysbiosis in adult zebrafish.

The consumption of probiotics has become increasingly popular as a means to try to improve health and well-being. Not only are probiotics considered beneficial to digestive health, but increasing evidence suggests direct and indirect interactions between gut microbiota (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS). Here, adult zebrafish were supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum to determine the effects of probiotic treatment on structural and functional changes of the GM, as well as host neurological and behavioral changes. L. plantarum administration altered the β-diversity of the GM while leaving the major core architecture intact. These minor structural changes were accompanied by significant enrichment of several predicted metabolic pathways. In addition to GM modifications, L. plantarum treatment also significantly reduced anxiety-related behavior and altered GABAergic and serotonergic signaling in the brain. Lastly, L. plantarum supplementation provided protection against stress-induced dysbiosis of the GM. These results underscore the influence commensal microbes have on physiological function in the host, and demonstrate bidirectional communication between the GM and the host.

Effects of Probiotic Intake and Gender on Nontyphoid Salmonella Infection

The goal of the study was to examine if intake of Lactobacillus plantarum can accelerate clearance of nontyphoid Salmonella and reduce infection-related symptoms. Nontyphoid Salmonella is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Few studies have explored the effect of probiotics in these infections. Patients with Salmonella infection were randomized to daily intake of 5 × 10 colony forming units of freeze-dried Lactobacillus plantarum 299 v or placebo. Symptoms were recorded daily. Feces were cultured weekly. Treatment continued until 4 consecutive stool cultures negative for Salmonella had been obtained. The treatment and placebo groups did not differ significantly with regard to time to clearance of Salmonella, or time to resolution of symptoms. Irrespective of treatment, women tended to clear Salmonella more rapidly than men (19 vs. 28 d, P=0.18), despite a longer diarrheal phase (5 vs. 3 days after inclusion, P=0.001). After Salmonella clearance (postinfectious phase), women experienced loose stools, nausea, and flatulence more frequently than men. In women, L. plantarum treatment was associated with more abdominal pain, whereas in men L. plantarum treatment reduced the prevalence of hard stools, and increased the presence of diarrheal symptoms in the postinfectious phase. Gender, but not administration of the probiotic strain L. plantarum 299 v, may influence acute symptoms during Salmonella infection and possibly clearance of Salmonella. Symptoms in the postinfectious phase were modified by the probiotics in a gender-specific way, but our results give little support for positive effects of L. plantarum 299 v treatment in nontyphoid salmonellosis.

Lactobacillus plantarum Prevents Bacterial Translocation in Rats Following Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Bacterial translocation is considered a major cause of initiation and development of systemic sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction in clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a defined Lactobacillus plantarum to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced intestinal infection. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls (sham-operated, no treatment), (2) ischemia/reperfusion and (3) ischemia/reperfusion and Lactobacillus plantarum treatment. Lactobacillus plantarum L2 was administered daily intragastrically 14days prior to induction of I/R. Rats were then sacrificed, and tissue and blood samples were cultured to determine bacterial translocation. Cytokines in plasma were detected by ELISA. Ileal segments were removed for morphological examination. Intestinal I/R induced excess pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and barrier dysfunction (increased epithelial cell apoptosis, cecal flora dysbiosis, disruption of mucosa and multiple erosions) in the intestine, associated with increased bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites. Approximately 87.5% of rats exposed to I/R had bacterial translocation while there was no bacterial translocation in controls. However, pretreatment of animals with Lactobacillus plantarum completely prevented I/R induced bacterial translocation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, resulting in recovered microflora and mucosal integrity. These findings indicate that Lactobacillus plantarum L2 can prevent I/R-induced bacterial translocation and intestinal barrier dysfunction and, thereby, exert beneficial effects in the intestinal tract.

Interleukin-8 production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with chronic infected leg ulcers treated with Lactobacillus plantarum

Bacterial infection impairs the healing process, promoting the chronicity of inflammation and wounds. Because antibiotics fail to eradicate bacteria, especially in biofilm form, new therapeutic modalities may be required. In the present study, the effectiveness of bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus plantarum on infected chronic venous ulcers was investigated and its effects on interleukin (IL)-8 production by cells from the ulcer bed and neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood that were previously challenged in vitro with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and L. plantarum were studied. Topical application of L. plantarum culture to lesions (25–60 cm2) of 14 diabetic and 20 non-diabetic patients induced debridement, granulation tissue formation and total healing after 30 days in 43% diabetics and in 50% non-diabetics. No significant differences between the groups were observed. The cells from ulcer beds collected after treatment with L. plantarum for 10 days showed a decrease in the percentage of polymorphonuclear, apoptotic and necrotic cells and an enhancement of IL-8 production. IL-8 production by isolated neutrophils from these patients was compared with that in diabetics without ulcers, as well as normal subjects under basal conditions, and after infection of polymorphonuclear cells with P. aeruginosa preincubated either with or without L. plantarum. The basal values in diabetic and ulcer patients were higher than normal (p <0.001) and were increased by P. aeruginosa infection in normal, diabetics (p <0.001) and non-diabetics with ulcers (p <0.01). Preincubation with L. plantarum decreased IL-8 production in patients with ulcers non-diabetic and diabetic (p <0.001). Lactobacillus plantarum treatment reduced wound bacterial load, neutrophils, apoptotic and necrotic cells, modified IL-8 production and induced wound healing.

Lactobacillus plantarum Prevents the Upregulation of Adhesion Molecule Expression in an Experimental Colitis Model

Lactobacillus consumption has been shown to attenuate the severity of experimental colitis. Whether the effects of Lactobacillus on colitis are related to modulation of leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed intestine is unclear. To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum daily intragastric administration on lymphocyte homing and intestinal inflammation in interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout mice, an experimental model of colitis. Two groups of ten IL-10 knockout mice were fed phosphate buffered saline containing Lactobacillus plantarum 1258 or unmodified vehicle for 4 weeks. Two groups of ten wild-type mice were used as controls. At killing, the bowels were histologically scored and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined by ELISA. In addition, levels of CD3, alpha4beta7, ICAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. L. plantarum treatment improved the histological damage score in KO mice compared to untreated KO mice. L. plantarum significantly attenuated the expression of MAdCAM-1, ICAM-1, CD3, and alpha4beta7, but did not affect the levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma when treated KO mice were compared to untreated KO mice. L. plantarum interfered with the upregulation of adhesion molecules observed in IL-10 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice, attenuating the symptoms of colitis.

Bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus plantarum in burns

Bacterial colonisation and infection remain the major causes of delayed healing and graft rejection following burns. Topical treatment is necessary to reduce the incidence of burn wound infection. Silver sulphadiazine (SD-Ag) is an often used microbicidal agent. However, this treatment produces adverse reactions and side-effects. On the basis of experimental data and clinical application of lactobacilli as probiotics, we performed this exploratory study to establish the effectiveness of bacteriotherapy with topical application of the innocuous bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum cultured in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium to provide an alternative method for burn treatment using SD-Ag as a reference. These innocuous bacteria would compete with other bacteria that are wound pathogens and would modify the wound environment and promote tissue repair. Eighty burned patients from the Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit were grouped into infected (delayed) second- and third-degree and non infected (early) third-degree burns and treated with L. plantarum or SD-Ag. The proportion of patients with delayed second-degree burns was 0.71 for L. plantarum and 0.73 for SD-Ag (relative rate: -2.72%) with respect to the decrease in bacterial load (<10(5) bacteria/g of tissue), promotion of granulating tissue wound bed and healing. In early third-degree burns, the values were 0.75 for L. plantarum and 0.84 for SD-Ag (relative rate: -1.07%) in preventing wound infection and promotion of granulation tissue, 0.90 in graft taking for both treatments (relative rate: 0%) and 0.75 for L. plantarum and 0.77 for SD-Ag (relative rate: -2.60%) in healing. In delayed third-degree burns, values were 0.83 for L. plantarum and 0.71 for SD-Ag (relative rate: +16.90%) with respect to the decrease in the bacterial load (<10(5) bacteria/g of tissue) and providing a granulating tissue wound bed, 0.90 in graft taking for both treatments (relative rate: 0%) and 0.75 for L. plantarum and 0.64 for SD-Ag (relative rate: + 17.19%) in healing. Although the number of patients (between 12 and 15 per group) did not enable the application of a power statistical test, these results suggest that the L. plantarum treatment should be studied in greater depth and could be used as a valid alternative for the topical treatment of burns.

Fibre degrading enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum influence liquid feed characteristics and the solubility of fibre components and dry matter in vitro

Abstract The effect of fibre degrading enzymes in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum on feed viscosity and pH and on solubilisation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was studied in vitro using diets composed of cereals and soybean meal. The diet was incubated over time up to 24 h as liquid feed or liquid feed added L. plantarum and in addition both feeds were treated without or with fibre degrading enzymes. Spontaneous fermentation developed in the liquid feed without L. plantarum and became noticeable after a period of 6 to 8 h, when pH began to drop. From 8 to 24 h there was a slow but steady reduction in pH down to a level of about pH 4.3. This development was irrespective of enzyme supplementation level. The L. plantarum treatment had already reached a pH of 4.2 after 8 h and a pH of 3.6 after 24 h. The viscosity was reduced with supplementation with a high enzyme dose (6000 FXU and 600 FBG per kg diet), compared to the control diet (without enzymes). Treatment with L. plantarum (1.8 × 1011 CFU/kg feed) increased the viscosity over time, even with enzyme supplementation, compared to the control treatment. Diets without and with enzyme supplementation and pre-treated as dry feed (control), liquid feed (incubated for 8 h) or liquid feed fermented with L. plantarum (incubated for 24 h), were subjected to an in vitro digestion procedure. Both pre-treatment as liquid feed and enzyme supplementation lead to a reduction in dry matter and in the insoluble NSP fraction during digestion in comparison with the control based on the original dry feed. It may be concluded that enzyme supplementation to liquid or fermented feed may cause a reduction in the insoluble dietary fibre content as well as a reduction in feed viscosity, while the pH is not influenced.

Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces side-effects of external radiation on colon anastomotic healing in an experimental model.

Preoperative radiotherapy of patients with rectal carcinoma is frequently used to reduce the incidence of local recurrence. However, the radiation therapy is associated with several complications, including diarrhea, retarded anastomotic healing and mucosal atrophy. Exogenous administration of lactobacilli has been demonstrated to be effective in stimulating intestinal mucosal growth and reduce mucosal inflammation. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v administration on external radiation injury in colon anastomotic healing at different time points. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Lb. plantarum 299v or saline as control and received external radiation of the lower abdomen (10 Gy/day) on day 3 and 7 of the experiment. After 4 days, a colonic resection with anastomosis was performed. Animals were sacrificed on 4th, 7th and 11th day postoperatively. Body weight, white blood cell (WBC) count, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hydroxyproline, nucleotide, DNA and RNA content, colonic bacterial microflora, bacterial translocation and histology were evaluated. On the 4th postoperative day body weight, WBC and MPO decreased significantly after radiation. On the 7th postoperative day MPO decreased after radiation. In the two irradiated groups it decreased significantly in the Lb. plantarum group compared to the radiated group without treatment. Collagen concentration on the 7th postoperative day was significantly higher in Lb. plantarum group without radiation compared to the group with radiation without Lb. plantarum. On the 11th postoperative day MPO was significantly higher in irradiated rats without treatment compared to Lb. plantarum treatment. The collagen concentration increased significantly in the irradiated Lb. plantarum group compared to the other two groups. The collagen content decreased and MPO activity increased significantly of the colonic anastomosis in irradiated rats without treatment compared to those treated with Lb. plantarum. It therefore seems that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces the intestinal injury and inflammation following external radiation and improves the colonic anastomotic healing.

Effect of inoculation of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria on microbial and sensory changes of minced goat meat during storage under vacuum and subsequent aerobic storage

Minced goat meat inoculated with cell suspensions of Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis (Lc. lactis) or Lactobacillus plantarum was stored under vacuum in PETPE film at 4°C and transferred to aerobic storage for 7 days in LDPE bags. During storage under vacuum, the lactic counts of the inoculated samples dropped followed by the development of spontaneous lactic flora. The pH of meat was lower in the treated samples than in the control. Towards the end of vacuum storage cell densities were lower than those in the control only for psychrotrophs in L. plantarum treatment and coliforms and staphylococcal counts in Lc. lactis treatment. There were increases in lactic counts in both treated and control samples during aerobic storage after previous vacuum storage of 18 days in trial 1 and 9 days in trial 2 with reductions in the counts of different bacterial groups and deterioration in colour of the treated samples compared with the control. When goat meat chunks were surface sanitized in alcohol and treated with lactic cell suspension and vacuum stored, there was development of acid and salty taste (acceptable) in the treated samples whereas the control showed a bland taste.