Types Of Plants Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF VEHICLE POWER PLANTS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of vehicle power plants, examines the development and modern types of hybrid power plants used in transport. An analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere from vehicles equipped with different types of powertrains, including internal combustion engines (ICE), hybrid drives, and electric motors, was performed. Studies have been conducted of emissions that occur during the operation of vehicles, as well as emissions associated with the production of high-voltage batteries for electric vehicles and the production of electricity required for their charging. It was concluded that electric vehicles, despite their popularity as environmentally friendly vehicles, can have a significant impact on the environment. This is due to high CO2 emissions during the production of batteries, which are a key component of electric vehicles. The production of these batteries requires significant energy costs and the use of various materials, the extraction and processing of which also lead to greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the environmental impact of electric vehicles largely depends on the sources of electricity used to charge them. When electricity is generated from fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, overall CO2 emissions can be significantly higher, reducing the environmental advantage of electric vehicles over internal combustion engines. On the other hand, the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind energy, to charge electric vehicles significantly reduces CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The work also considers hybrid vehicles that combine an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Such cars usually have lower CO2 emissions during operation compared to traditional diesel vehicles, but their environmental impact also depends on the production and disposal of batteries. To make informed decisions about the choice of powertrain and the development of transport infrastructure, all aspects must be taken into account, including the production of vehicles, their operation and disposal. It is also important to develop technologies to reduce emissions and increase energy efficiency at all stages of a vehicle's life cycle. The work concluded that to reduce the overall impact of vehicles on the environment, it is necessary not only to develop electric vehicles, but also to combine the advantages of internal combustion engines and electric motors (develop a hybrid drive), improve battery production technologies, expand the use of renewable energy sources, and implement other measures to reduce CO2 emissions.

Study on Soil Stabilization and Slope Protection Effects of Different Plants on Fully Weathered Granite Backfill Slopes

The slope erosion in the distribution area of completely weathered granite is often relatively severe, causing serious ecological damage and property loss. Ecological restoration is the most effective means of soil erosion control. Taking completely weathered granite backfill soil as the research object, two types of slope protection plants, Vetiver grass and Pennisetum hydridum, were selected. We analyzed these two herbaceous plants’ soil reinforcement and slope protection effects through artificial planting experiments, indoor simulated rainfall experiments, and direct shear tests. The test results showed that the runoff and sediment production rates of the two herbaceous plant slopes were significantly lower than those of the bare slope, with the order of bare slope > Vetiver grass slope > Pennisetum hydridum slope. Compared with the bare slope, the cumulative sediment production of the Vetiver grass slope at 60 min decreased by 56.73–60.09%, and the Pennisetum hydridum slope decreased by 75.97–78.45%. The indoor direct shear test results showed that soil cohesion decreases with increasing water content. As the root content of Vetiver grass roots increases, soil cohesion first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum value when the root content is 1.44%. As the root content of Pennisetum hydridum increases, soil cohesion increases. The internal friction angle increases slightly with increasing water content, while the root content does not significantly affect the internal friction angle. Therefore, the shear strength of soil decreases when the water content increases. The shear strength of the Vetiver grass root-soil composite reaches a peak at a root content of 1.44%, while the shear strength of the giant king grass root-soil composite increases as the root content increases. At the same root content, the shear strength of the Vetiver grass root-soil composite is slightly higher than that of giant king grass. The reinforcement effect of roots on shallow soil is better than on deep soil. Both herbaceous plants have an excellent soil-fixing and slope-protecting impact on the fully weathered granite backfill slope. Pennisetum hydridum’s soil and water conservation effect is significantly better than that of the Vetiver grass. In contrast, Vetiver grass roots slightly outperform Pennisetum hydridum in enhancing the shear strength of the soil. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the vegetation slope protection treatment of fully weathered granite backfill slopes.

Valorisation and sensory evaluation of natural colorants for a sustainable food supply

The study explored the potential of several typical Tunisian food plants as sources of natural colorings, focusing on sustainability and ecology. Five common fruits and vegetables were studied: spinach, beetroot, red cabbage, carrot, and turmeric. Their deep pigments, affected by pH, were examined. Red cabbage was found to be the richest in condensed tannins, while turmeric contained the highest levels of anthocyanins. These natural colorings were then incorporated into the formulation of two bakery products, one sweet and the other savory, to give an attractive appearance and stimulate the appetite, as the food industry commonly does with synthetic colorings. Additionally, orange and lemon peels were upcycled by extracting essential oils for analysis. The primary findings indicate that these essential oils are complicated blends of many substances, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes being the most prevalent. The last part of this project required using gluten-free flour to make two food products (zouza and ravioli dough), substituting fructose for sucrose, and adding other colorings that had been produced and tested. We also improved the flavor by adding essential oils. Sensory research with sixty unsuspecting panelists revealed that our items were well-liked by all. The result of a very successful initiative is the packaging for these goods and the market research that went into it.

Advancements in genetically modified insect pest-resistant crops in India.

The review offers insights into the current state of research on insect pest-resistant GM crops and the regulations governing the cultivation of GM crops in India. India has a rich crop diversity of more than 160 major and minor crops through its diverse agroclimatic conditions. Insect pests alone cause around USD 36 billion in crop loss annually in India. The last two decades witnessed considerable progress in managing insect pests by adopting innovative techniques including transgenics. In research, significant advancement has been brought in insect pest-resistant transgenics in India since its inception in 2002. However, any events have not been endorsed owing to biosafety impediments, except Bt cotton reaching the commercial release stage. A landmark decision to exempt certain types of gene-edited plants from genetically modified organism (GMO) regulations offers great promise for developing novel insect-resistant crops in India. The article reviews the current research on insect pest-resistant transgenics and its regulations in India.

Comparative assessment of microbiome and resistome of influent and effluent of sewage treatment plant and common effluent treatment plant located in Delhi, India using shotgun approach

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat that demands surveillance to identify and analyze trends of the emerging antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potential microbial carriers. The influent of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reflects the microbes derived from the population and effluent being the source of dissemination of potential pathogenic microbes and AMR. The present study aimed to monitor microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in WWTPs employing a whole metagenome shotgun sequencing approach. The samples were collected from a sewage treatment plant (STP) and a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) in Delhi, India. The results showed the influent of STP to be rich in Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Arcobacter, and Pseudomonas residents of gut microbiota and known to cause diseases in humans and animals; whereas the CETP sample was abundant in Aeromonas, Escherichia, and Shewanella known to be involved in the degradation of different compounds. Interestingly, the effluent samples from both STPs and CETP were rich in microbial diversity, comprising organic and xenobiotic compound degrading and disease-causing bacteria, indicating the effluent being the source of dissemination of concerning bacteria to the environment. The functional profile at both sites displayed similarity with an abundance of housekeeping function genes as analyzed by Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG), KEGG Orthology (KO), and subsystem databases. Resistome profiling by MEGARes showed the dominance of ARGs corresponding to beta-lactams having relative abundance ranging from 16% to 34% in all the metagenome datasets, followed by tetracycline (8%–16%), aminoglycosides (7%–9%), multi-drug (5%–9%), and rifampin (3%–9%). Also, AMR genes oxa, ant3-DPRIME, and rpoB, which are of clinical importance were predominantly and most prevalently present in all the samples. The presence of AMR in effluents from both types of treatment plants indicates that wastewater from both sources contributes to the spread of pathogenic bacteria and resistance genes, increasing the environmental AMR burden and therefore requires tertiary treatment before discharge. This work will facilitate further research towards the identification of suitable biomarkers for monitoring antibiotic resistance.

An overview of ethnobotanical knowledge for the enhancement of typical plant food and the development of a local economy: the case of Calabria region (Southern Italy)

An overview of ethnobotanical knowledge for the enhancement of typical plant food and the development of a local economy: the case of Calabria region (Southern Italy)

ADVANTAGES AND FEATURES OF USING DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY FOR STATIONARY GAS ENGINES

At the moment, there is no mass alternative to power plants based on an internal combustion engine. Such power plants are fully mastered in production, they are mobile, not bulky, and do not depend on weather conditions (wind, current, etc.), as required by wind and hydroelectric power plants. The variety and availability of fuels is also a very big advantage in favour of internal combustion engines. On the other hand, engines are a source of heat, noise and chemical pollution, and by running on fossil fuels, they contribute to negative climate change on the planet, so the issue of improving the fuel, economic and environmental efficiency of vehicle engines is relevant. With the rapid development of information technology, it is now possible to create a perfect control system for stationary engines using digital twin technology, which in the future could take over the entire task of controlling the unit with minimal human intervention, eliminating the effect of the human factor and thereby increasing the life and efficiency of the unit. The goal is to use the forecasting system to assess the actual technical condition of the engine and, based on this data, set the optimal maintenance intervals, as well as prevent accidents that entail expensive repairs or even complete replacement of the unit. Such a system would be relevant for large, expensive stationary machines involved in any technological processes where the unit's downtime entails financial losses associated with the cessation of a particular production process. Representatives of this type of power plant are gas engines - drives for booster or downhole gas compressors, gas generators operating on landfill gas or biogas.

Plant and soil characteristics affected by the allelopathic pathways of Avena fatua and Lolium temulentum weeds

The potential of the most prevalent weeds should be characterized biologically and chemically in infected soil and crops for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the allelopathic potential of Avena fatua L. and Lolium temulentum L. weeds were compared via leachates, root exudates, decayed residues in soil, and the decomposition in water pathways. Chemical measurements were taken on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soil decomposed solution. Based on EC50, the allelopathic effect of leachates were higher in aboveground parts than in subterranean parts, influenced by plant parts and concentrations. The root exudates show EC50 by 655.9 μg. ml−1 for A. fatua and 625.66 μg. ml−1 for L. temulentumin the seedling biomass fresh weights of T. aestivum. The systematic inhibition by decayed residues was affected by plant types, concentration, and time and correlated with soil parameters and crop performance. The decomposition rate was higher under aerobic conditions than anaerobic conditions, with the inhibition pattern showing the reverse trend. These finding highlight the importance of environmental conditions in mediating allelopathic effects. The highest quantities of phenolic acids determined by LC-ES/MS in decomposed solutions were citric acid, with concentrations of 7.71 and 13.31 μg/ml in A. fatua under aerobic conditions, and coumaric acid, with concentrations of 9.21 and 16.99 μg/ml in L. temulentum under aerobic conditions. The allelopathic potentials of A. fatua and L. temulentum may play a crucial role in T. aestivum crop growth and soil parameters. In general weed residues can suppress crop growth and negatively affect soil parameters based on their quantity and type, therefore they should be managed carefully for sustainable crop production.

Herbal plant leaves classification for traditional medicine using convolutional neural network

<p>The classification of herbal plant leaves can be implemented in agriculture and traditional medicine. Primarily, sorting leaves was done before it was processed into medicinal ingredients. Currently, the sorting was still done manually by writing it on notes. Sometimes there were errors in the selection of leaves for medicinal ingredients. Herbal plants had various forms and are very greatly. Artificial intelligence technology was needed to have fast-paced time efficiency in sorting leaves. In the field of artificial intelligence, there was a specific or detailed learning process known as deep learning. The objective of this research was to classify herbal plant leaves images by applying and combining the convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning method with data augmentation methods without the pre-trained architecture such as MobileNet and LeNet. This technique consisted of 4 main stages such as collecting data, preprocessing or normalizing data, building a model, and evaluating. The dataset used in this research were 4 types of herbal plants that do not flower and do not bear fruit including gulma siam, piduh, sirih, and tobacco. Each class had 250 images with total dataset used in this research was 1,000 images of herbal plant leaves and divided into 2 data, namely 80% data training 20% data testing, and validation. The data was trained with the epoch of 100 for the best training. It had an accuracy score of 98.74%. Without the data augmentation process it had an accuracy score of 91.43%.</p>

The color features and k-nearest neighbor algorithm for classifying betel leaf image

Piper betle L. (betel) is a species that belongs to the genus Piper and is a type of medicinal plant that is quite well known to the general population. The varieties of the leaf color may distinguish are red, green, and black betel. However, consumers still need assistance determining the differences between the many types of betel leaf. Therefore, using image processing techniques, this research contributes to building a classification method for distinguishing betel leaves based on color attributes. This approach anoints for the region of interest detection, feature extraction, and classification. In addition, three different classifiers, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), were used during the classification process. The evaluation for this study used a percentage split to divide a total of 180 images between the training and testing phases. The method’s performance provided the highest accuracy value possible, 100%, by utilizing the color characteristics with the k-NN classifier.

Green energy: a modern view in conditions of environmental safety

Expansion of the use of renewable energy sources (RES) became possible due to technical progress in this area, which allowed, first of all, to significantly reduce the cost of electricity production by wind and solar power plants of various types. Since 2000, wind power has developed with an average annual growth rate of more than 21%. In the early years of wind power deployment, Europe was the key region for global wind turbine installations. In 2010, the region accounted for 47 % of global onshore wind turbine deployments. After 2010, other regions, especially China, have seen rapid wind energy development. By 2018, China had overtaken Europe to become the largest onshore wind energy market with nearly one-third of the world's installed capacity. Some experts estimate that onshore wind power installations will need to have an average annual growth rate of more than 7 % over the next three decades. Offshore wind energy technologies allow countries to exploit generally higher and sometimes more stable wind resources, by implementing gigawatt projects near densely populated coastal areas common in many parts of the world. This makes wind power an important addition to the portfolio of low-carbon technologies available to the energy sector in many countries. Green energy, in terms of environmental impact, leads to a more environmentally friendly process. Energy obtained from naturally occurring sources such as wind, sun and water, i.e. renewable energy is better for the environment because energy production does not produce greenhouse gases – gases that enter the atmosphere, trap heat and cause global warming. The main goal of our work is to analyze the experience of large-scale development of renewable energy sources in a number of countries, its impact, including negative ones, on traditional generation and the electricity market, with the development of relevant specific recommendations for overcoming specific challenges and ensuring environmental safety in each country

Investigating changes of forest aboveground biomass induced by Moso bamboo expansion with terrestrial laser scanner

As a typical clonal plant, Moso bamboo expands excessively worldwide, causing changes in various aspects of the native forest ecosystem. Among these aspects, aboveground biomass (AGB) is a key indicator characterizing forest productivity and carbon sequestration. However, it is difficult to track AGB changes of a fixed plot in a relatively short period. In this paper, we utilized terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to investigate AGB changes resulting from the intrusion of Moso bamboo using the space-for-time substitution method. Three sample plots including a China fir stand, a mixed stand and a pure Moso bamboo stand were chosen at an ecotone to represent the different stages of bamboo expansion in Hutou Village, Chongqing, China. Their point clouds were first scanned using TLS, and then segmented into individual plants through refinedly processing the stem intersections. Subsequently, tree and bamboo classification was achieved via combining the structural features, stem texture features, and point distribution features of individual plants. Finally, the compatible biomass models were employed to estimate plant AGBs and analyze the changes. As a result, the overall classification accuracy of trees and bamboos was improved to 92.67 %. The AGB per unit area initially increased and subsequently decreased at three stages of Moso bamboo expansion (5.83 kg/m2, 6.04 kg/m2 and 5.36 kg/m2), and the AGB differences among individual plants showed the similar tendency. Notably, the average AGB of individual China firs in mixed stand (78.97 kg) was higher than that in the pure stand (70.41 kg), so did the average AGB of individual Moso bamboos (21.22 kg vs 18.70 kg). These results indicated that maintaining a certain degree of tree-bamboo mixture was beneficial for improving the gross forest AGB.

Performance and mechanisms of constructed wetland integrated microbial fuel cell for remediation and detoxification of leather tannery wastewater

Several previous studies concerned of microbial fuel cells integrated into constructed wetlands, nevertheless, their application as a convenient treatment for wastewater is still developing. In this experimental investigation, five CW-MFC systems were similarly designed, setup, and operated in a batch mode for two subsequent cycles. Each cycle lasted for 10 days to evaluate the performance of CW-MFC system for the remediation of real leather tannery wastewater (LTW). Four CW-MFCs were planted, each with different type of vegetation including Conocarpus, Arundo donax, Canna lily, and Cyperus papyrus in CW1-MFC, CW2-MFC, CW3-MFC, and CW4-MFC, respectively. The fifth CW5-MFC was maintained unplanted and considered as the control system. The performance of each CW-MFCs systems was evaluated mainly based on the removal of organic content (COD), total dissolved solid (TDS) elimination, and power generation. The results demonstrated that the four types of plants maintained healthy and no sign of wilting was observed during the 20 days of monitoring. For the first cycle of batch operation, maximum removal efficiencies of COD were 99.8%, 99.5%, 99.7%, 99.6% and 99.5% with power outputs of 10,502.8, 10,254.6, 9956.4, 10,029.6, and 9888.0 mW/m3, while, maximum TDS elimination were 46.7%, 39.7%, 60.8%, 55.5%, and 13.8% observed in CW1-MFC, CW2-MFC, CW3-MFC, CW4-MFC, and CW5-MFC, respectively. Very comparable results were observed in the second operation cycle. Results of phototoxicity test indicated that the germination of Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum were 100% watered with treated effluent compared to 90% accomplished with tap water as the control solution for both types of seeds.

Brain Wave Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex When Exposed to Varying Plant Types as Visual Stimuli

Visual stimuli from green plants have positive effects on mental health. This study aimed to compare human responses to varying plant types [live, artificial, two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) plant models] as visual stimuli. Thirty adults (age, 29.9 ± 11.5 years) viewed each plant form while an electroencephalography (EEG) measured their brain activity. Psychological responses were assessed using the semantic differential method (SDM). No significant differences were observed among visual stimuli; however, brain activity differences varied between male and female participants. Males who observed live and artificial plants had a higher relative alpha (RA) spectrum (RAS) and relative fast alpha (RFA) spectrum frequencies at Fp1 and Fp2 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 vs. P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), indicating greater emotional stability. Similarly, male participants who viewed 2D models had higher RA and RFA frequencies at Fp1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and Fp2 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Male participants who observed 3D models exhibited higher RA, RSA, and RFA frequencies at Fp1 (P < 0.01). Live and artificial plants were deemed the most calming (P < 0.01). Both sexes found live plants to be the most pleasant (males: P < 0.01; females: P < 0.05) and natural (males: P < 0.001; females: P < 0.01). Overall, alpha wave differences were not significant among plant types, and live plants elicited a trend toward emotional stability. These findings suggest that 3D plant models can be as effective as real plants in psychophysiological applications, indicating their potential benefits for enhancing mental health in urban environments.

The Dynamic Stability and Performance Implications of Piston-to-Turboprop Engine Modernization of a Light Aircraft for General Aviation

ABSTRACT This paper explores the influence of engine modernization on the dynamic stability and performance of a general aviation aircraft. Utilizing an integral mathematical model, the study conducts a comparative analysis of the I-23 Manager piston-engine aircraft and its modified I-31T turboprop version, examining changes in aircraft dynamics depending on the power plant type. The modernization necessitated a redesign of the nose section of the fuselage, resulting in alterations to the external shape and flight properties of the aircraft. The research evaluates various dynamic stability parameters, including phugoid, short period, Dutch roll, roll, and spiral modes, under different flight conditions. Results indicate minimal changes in aerodynamic characteristics due to the engine type, yet significant improvements are observed in efficiency, noise reduction, and operational costs. The impact of the propulsion unit on the dynamic stability of the light aircraft was assessed as insignificant, suggesting that the strategy of modernizing an existing piston-driven aircraft by switching to a turboprop drive is indeed promising. With appropriate initial design assumptions, a modern turbine aircraft with strong flight qualities can be efficiently modernized in this way, without compromising the good flying properties of the existing plane. The outcomes are validated against flight tests, reinforcing the viability of integrating more sustainable and efficient propulsion systems into light aircraft. This study may therefore inform future design and regulatory decisions, providing a perspective on the implications of engine upgrades in the general aviation sector.

Behavioral and economic traits reflect distinct resource acquisition strategies in tendril vines and stem twining vines.

Climbing plants are important components of tropical and many temperate forest ecosystems. Current studies regard climbing plants as a single ecological plant type and ignore the ecological differences resulting from their climbing mechanisms, which may lead to a misrepresentation of the role of climbing plants in forest dynamics. Based on behavioral traits and economic traits of climbing plants, we test the hypothesis that tendril climbers and stem twiners are characterized by different resource acquisition strategies. We quantified and compared 4 behavioral traits and 7 economic traits of four stem twining vines and four tendril vines in a temperate oak forest and further tested their differences in resource acquisition strategy. Our study found that tendril vines were scattered in a group distinct from stem twining vines along the first axes of the principal component analysis using four behavioral traits and seven economic traits, being located at the more acquisitive end with more hosts, a larger distance to length ratio of stem, higher leaf and root nitrogen concentrations, and lower leaf carbon content, while stem twining vines showed the opposite trends. These results indicate that tendril vines have a more acquisitive strategy than stem twining vines. The findings suggest a functional variability among the different climbing mechanisms, and which should be accounted for in future studies.

Improving photosynthetic efficiency of rice via over-expressing a ferredoxin-like protein gene from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus.

Ferredoxins (Fds) are crucial in various essential plant metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, fermentation and aerobic nitrogen fixation, due to their role in electron transport rate (ETR). However, the full scope of ferredoxin's function across prokaryotes and eukaryotic plants remains less understood. This study investigated the effect of MtFd from Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus on rice photosynthetic efficiency. We found that MtFd was localized in the chloroplasts of rice protoplasts. Transgenic analysis showed that MtFd significantly enhanced the photosynthetic capacity compared to the wild-type plants. This enhancement was evident through increased ETR, NADPH content and net photosynthetic rates, as well as decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Despite similar biomass to wild type plants, MtFd transgenic plants exhibited a marked increase in grain size and the 1000-grian weight. The elevated ETR and surplus free electrons in transgenic plants result in a considerable rise in cellular ROS content, which in turn enhances the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system. In summary, our findings suggest that introducing the Fd protein from M. thermoautotrophicus into transgenic rice improves photosynthetic efficiency by accelerating ETR, which triggers the cellular oxidative stress response.

Physiological Characters of Vanilla Plant (Vanilla planifolia Andrew) in Various Types of Shade Trees

Vanilla plants are CAM plants and are very sensitive to direct sunlight, so vanilla plants need shade plants to reduce the intensity of sunlight. Research on the physiological characteristics of vanilla plants on various types of shade trees was carried out to finding out the influence of types of shade trees on the physiological characteristics of vanilla plants. The research was conducted using a randomized completely block design with four groups. Planting was carried out using four types of shade plants, namely Gliricidia sepium, Syzygium aromaticums, Erythrina variegata and Leucaena leucocephala plants. To determine microclimate conditions, temperature, air humidity and sunlight intensity were observed three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening). Physiological observation parameters include content of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B levels, total chlorophyll, proline, relative water content. The results of the research showed that temperature, air humidity and the intensity of sunlight received are different for each type of shade plant. Types of shade plants significantly influence content of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, proline and relative water content. The conclusion was the type of shade plant affects the microclimatic conditions of the vanilla plant, thereby influencing the physiological properties of the vanilla plant.

Phenotypic analysis of the diversity of nine (9) tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lines by agronomic performance evaluation in Burkina Faso

Tepary bean is a neglected and underutilized grain legume. Tepary bean has a greater potential to cope with the effects of climate change and contribute to food and nutritional security in Burkina Faso. Although it is a versatile legume, its use in human food and as fodder remains poorly understood. It is in this context that this study was initiated at the Gampèla experimental station with a view to improving knowledge of tepary beans by evaluating the agronomic performance of nine (9) lines introduced from Mexico. They were evaluated on seven (7) qualitative variables and fourteen (14) quantitative variables in a randomized complete block design with three (3) replications. The study showed the existence of agronomic variability within the lines studied with regard to qualitative parameters (type of plant, colour of flowering, colour of mature pods, dehiscence of pods, creeping stem, leaflet shape, seed colour) and quantitative parameters (emergence, flowering). Line 13IS-7500 scored highest in pod length (7.9 centimeters); pod weight (0.9 gram); seed length (9.36 centimeters); seed width (9.34 centimeters) and 100-seed weight (15.028 grams). The line 13IS-7500 deserves to be popularised for its seed size and was the best line on yield components.

Support vector machine in the elementomic evaluation of arugula (Eruca Sativa) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in soils from a decommissioned mining area

Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in plants are absorbed and accumulated in various parts of the plants. Due to the risk associated with consuming vegetables contaminated with PTMs, it is essential to determine the distribution of these metals in plants. Vegetables grown in soils contaminated by PTMs from a decommissioned manganese mine in Bahia, Brazil, were assessed for metal uptake and distribution. This study focused on Arugula (Eruca sativa) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa), chosen for their metal bioaccumulation properties and their role in the human diet. The metal concentration in the Arugula followed the order Fe > Mn > Cu > Cr > Tl > Co > Cd > Pb, while in lettuce, it was Mn > Fe > Cr > Tl > Co > Cu > Cd > Pb. A significant positive correlation between Mn and other metals suggests a common contamination source. The findings highlight a food safety risk from consuming these vegetables. Combining the PTMs bioaccumulation coefficient with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) effectively distinguished between plant types and parts, providing valuable insights into PTMs transfer from soil to the food chain