Types Of Plants Research Articles

The detrimental effect of rainforest conversion to rubber plantations on soil dissolved organic carbon and C: N stoichiometry, mediated by altered soil biogeochemistry

Rainforest conversion into rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations (RP) alters global carbon cycling and contributes to climate change. However, the impact of this widespread tropical land use change on various elements of the carbon cycle is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of rainforest conversion into RP on soil-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), one of the most mobile organic matter (OM) in the terrestrial ecosystem that causes the transformation and migration of C. We also explored the underlying edaphic factors regulating soil DOC changes. Our study sites were rubber monoculture, mixed-rubber plantations (H. brasiliensis, Ficus langkokensis, and Actinodaphne henryi), and a reference rainforest. We found that soil DOC concentration was 150-200% higher in RP than in rainforests, with an unchanged pattern across the seasons (dry and rainy) and plantation type. These results were concomitant with degradation in main soil properties, markedly including lower pH, electrical conductivity, SOC, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), following the RP establishment and explicitly having a significant negative correlation with DOC. Our fitted structure equation model (SEM) highlights that RP caused accelerated DOC production and a higher DOC/DN ratio by decreasing SOC (38.5%) and nutrients (TN and TP). Further, the SEM revealed a significant negative correlation between microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and the DOC/DN ratio, implying limited microbial degradation of DOC under RP. This is further supported by our findings of 81.1% lower MBC per unit DOC and 37.1% lower MBN per unit DN under RP compared to rainforests, indicating poor transformation of DOC to microbial biomass under RP. Collectively, our findings suggest that RP with high nutrient demands and altered soil properties lead to increased leaching of DOC due to its limited utilization by microbes. These findings underscore the importance of robust and sustainable soil management (such as optimizing plant density and legume intercropping) in RP to improve soil health and minimize DOC leaching and its potential environmental consequences.

Reseeding increased plant biomass production and soil fertility, but not plant species diversity in degraded grasslands in China

Reseeding is a primary measure to restore degraded grasslands. Numerous studies have conducted experiments to investigate how the properties of grassland ecosystems respond to reseeding in China. However, there is a lack of summary of the results of these studies. Here, we conducted a hierarchical random-effects meta-analysis on the effects of reseeding on plant, soil, and microbial properties. We collected 19 variables, including plant biomass, species diversity and richness, soil organic carbon content, soil total and available nutrients, soil water content, soil microbial biomass and diversity, and enzyme activity, from a dataset of 1363 paired observations (degraded vs. reseeded) from 75 publications. The results showed that reseeding increased aboveground and belowground plant biomass by 70.2% and 68.0% on average, respectively. Reseeding increased soil organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium contents, but did not affect soil nitrogen levels. Reseeding increased soil microbial nitrogen under conditions of tillage and fertilization. Reseeding age was found to have a positive correlation with species richness, while planting type, fertilization, and tillage did not have a significant impact on the species richness and diversity. Under the treatments of fertilization, non-tillage, and mix-planting, the response ratio of aboveground biomass to reseeding was positively correlated with the response ratio of species diversity to reseeding. Our results concluded that current reseeding practices can significantly improve plant biomass production and soil fertility but have minor effects on plant species diversity. These findings indicate that the preservation of biodiversity should receive greater attention from both researchers and practitioners in grassland remediation in China.

Marker Assisted Selection in Advanced Backcross Population of Rice Variety, MTU1010 for Bacterial Blight and Blast Resistance

The present study was aimed for identification of the bacterial blight and blast resistant lines in the advanced back cross population of MTU-1010 using marker assisted foreground selection and also for evaluation of agro-morphological characters. The M-16-59 introgressed line (derived from an intercrossing of BC2F1 plants of MTU-1010 x GPP2 and MTU-1010 x NLR 145) is developed under ongoing DBTDBSRR subproject -IV possessing Xa21, xa13, Pi1 and Pi54 resistance genes having broad spectrum resistance to bacterial blight and blast is used as a donor parent and MTU-1010 was used as a recurrent parent for the back cross. Before attempting the backcross both the parents were verified for the target genes along with the original donors GPP2 and NLR 145 using gene specific/linked molecular markers viz., xa13-promo for xa13 gene, pTA248 for Xa21 gene, RM 224 for Pi1 and Pi54 MAS for Pi54. under the F1 generation (equivalent to BC3F1 because two backcrosses were completed earlier), 120 plants were screened, and 16 plants were confirmed for xa13, Xa21, Pi1, and Pi54 genes under heterozygous conditions. These confirmed plants were assessed for agro-morphological characteristics such as yield, grain features, and plant type. The results showed that the confirmed heterozygous plants were comparable to MTU-1010 and passed to the next round of selection and evaluation. The BC1F1-198th plant (96.8%) was selfed to produce BC1F2 population. Twenty five plants were advanced to BC1F3 generation based on BB resistance and above other phenotypic characters. The selected BC1F3 progenies were screened for blast and BB resistance. Four BC1F3 progenies with four target genes (xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54Pi1Pi1) showed very high level of resistance to both the diseases. BC1F2-198-52nd line found similar to MTU1010 with respect to yield and yield related characters besides showing resistance to both BB and blast.Improved lines of MTU1010 can be advanced for multi-location testing under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) for their evaluation and possible release for the benefit of rice farmers.

Plastid phylogenomics of Robinsonia (Senecioneae; Asteraceae), endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands: insights into structural organization and molecular evolution

BackgroundThe genus Robinsonia DC. (tribe Senecioneae, Asteraceae) endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands in Chile is one of the most conspicuous insular plant groups in the world. Unlike typical herbaceous Asteraceae plants, these plants demonstrate spectacular and unusual rosette tree growth forms as shown by the alpine giant senecios (genus Dendrosenecio, tribe Senecioneae) endemic to the East African mountains. However, monophyly of the genus and phylogenetic relationships among species of Robinsonia as well as their plastome evolution remain elusive. This study aims to explore their phylogeny, species diversification, and molecular evolution based on the complete plastome sequences in the context of adaptive radiation on oceanic islands.ResultsThe insular Robinsonia plastomes are highly conserved in their structures and organization of contents. Five divergence hotspots as potential chloroplast markers and five positively selected coding genes (accD, ndhF, rpoA, ycf1, and ycf2) are identified. Robinsonia plastomes has an overall nucleotide diversity higher than that of the sky island Dendrosenecio, but much lower than herbaceous Senecio. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates the monophyly of Robinsonia and identifies two major infrageneric lineages. Both Robinsonia and Dendrosenecio are deeply nested within large genus Senecio.ConclusionsWhile plastid genomes of Robinsonia are highly conserved, their sequences strongly demonstrated the monophyly of the genus and inferred robust interspecific relationships, including herbaceous Senecio and woody Dendrosenecio. Different sets of positively selected chloroplast genes, five for Robinsonia and two for Dendrosenecio, may play an important role in the adaptation strategies of these fascinating woody species in insular and continental sky island habitats. Overall phylogenetic positions and sister lineages of Robinsonia and Dendrosenecio require additional study based on broader sampling of Senecio.

The heterogeneous response in leaf traits among seasons and plant types of an evergreen broadleaf forest in western China to nitrogen addition was regulated by fertilization intensity

The heterogeneous response in leaf traits among seasons and plant types of an evergreen broadleaf forest in western China to nitrogen addition was regulated by fertilization intensity

Tissue-Specific Regulation of Vesicular Trafficking Mediated by Rab-GEF Complex MON1/CCZ1 From Solanum chilense Increases Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Salt stress constrains the development and growth of plants. To tolerate it, mechanisms of endocytosis and vacuolar compartmentalization of Na+ are induced. In this work, the genes that encode a putative activator of vesicular trafficking called MON1/CCZ1 from Solanum chilense, SchMON1 and SchCCZ1, were co-expressed in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana to determine whether the increase in prevacuolar vesicular trafficking also increases the Na+ compartmentalization capacity and tolerance. Initially, we demonstrated that both SchMON1 and SchCCZ1 genes rescued the dwarf phenotype of both A. thaliana mon1-1 and ccz1a/b mutants associated with the loss of function, and both proteins colocalized with their functional targets, RabF and RabG, in endosomes. Transgenic A. thaliana plants co-expressing these genes improved salt stress tolerance compared to wild type plants, with SchMON1 contributing the most. At the sub-cellular level, co-expression of SchMON1/SchCCZ1 reduced ROS levels and increased endocytic activity, and number of acidic structures associated with autophagosomes. Notably, greater Na+ accumulation in vacuoles of cortex and endodermis was evidenced in the SchMON1 genotype. Molecular analysis of gene expression in each genotype supported these results. Altogether, our analysis shows that root activation of prevacuolar vesicular trafficking mediated by MON1/CCZ1 emerges as a promising physiological molecular mechanism to increase tolerance to salt stress in crops of economic interest.

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal and wild food plants in Kırşehir (Türkiye)

This study compiles information regarding the use of certain plants found in Kırşehir and its surrounding regions in the Central Anatolia Region in folk medicine and other ethnobotanical characteristics. A total of 180 people participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the participants. As a result of the study, demographic characteristics of the participants, types of medicinal plant used by the people of the region, preparation techniques, usage patterns and frequency were determined. Local people benefit from 80 plants belonging to 28 families. The most commonly encountered medicinal plant family was Asteraceae (22 taxa). Twenty-two disease categories were identified in which traditional medicinal plants were used. Local people frequently use medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. These include dermatologic ailments (ICF 0.87), hematology issues (ICF 0.98), high cholesterol (ICF 0.98), gastrointestinal problems (ICF 0.88). Medicinal plants are also employed for treating cancer (ICF 0.95), hand tremors (ICF 1.00), cataracts (ICF 1.00), and gonorrhea (ICF 1.00), and kidney stones (ICF 1.00). The highest UV was found for Mentha arvensis and M. pulegium. This research is important in terms of transferring traditional knowledge to future generations. Moreover, the findings obtained should be investigated in fields such as pharmacology and phytotherapy.

Methodical and algorithmic aspects of mathematical modeling of a screw aircraft power plant

The article describes the solution of a scientific problem that consists in expanding the functionality of the program “Calculation of the traction-economic and mass-specific characteristics of the power plant and aircraft motion parameters” through the introduction of additional algorithms and mathematical models for calculating the altitude-speed characteristics of screw aircraft power installations. At the same time, an internal calculation of the aircraft propeller thrust is used according to experimental aerodynamic coefficients, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency and reliability of complex theoretical studies of power plants of various types as part of aircraft at the stage of external design. A description is given of the developed algorithms: an algorithm for converting power on the output shaft of a gas turbine engine into thrust of an aircraft power plant; a mathematical model of a propeller that provides calculation of its thrust from experimental aerodynamic coefficients; an algorithm for determining the thrust of the power plant, taking into account the compressibility of the air and the interaction of the propeller and the elements of the airframe of the aircraft. Some features of the mathematical modeling of an aircraft propeller are revealed, in particular, the principle of propeller control by influencing the blade angle and rotational speed depending on the aircraft flight speed and a method for constructing the field of aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft propeller in a wide range of blade angle and speed coefficient. In conclusion, the results of verification of the modified program are presented with an analysis of the obtained altitude-speed characteristics.

Early Molecular Detection of Invasive Alien Plants in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas

Invasive alien plants represent one of the five major threats to biodiversity and the disruption of ecosystems. They are introduced through various routes, starting with commercial trade. Preventing their introduction is essential to avoid the spread of new invasive plants. In this paper, we propose a new early warning DNA barcoding tool for invasive plant detection. Eight invasive alien species of European Union concern (i.e., Ludwigia grandiflora, Elodea nuttallii, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Pontederia crassipes, Ailanthus altissima, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera, Pueraria montana) were selected and analysed. A unique DNA marker for each species was identified and amplified using species-specific primers capable of identifying the presence of alien species. To verify whether the approach could detect the presence of alien plants in urban areas from lawn clippings, mixes with typical urban spontaneous plants and invasive species were tested. In all mixes, only the invasive species was identified. This rapid detection capability will enable environmental operators to intervene promptly to contain the spread of invasive plants before they can cause significant damage to the local ecosystem. This tool could have a significant impact on the protection of local biodiversity and the integrity of urban habitats.

Diverse rhizosphere-associated Pseudomonas genomes from along a Wadden Island salt marsh transition zone

Soil microbes are key drivers of ecosystem processes promoting nutrient cycling, system productivity, and resilience. While much is known about the roles of microbes in established systems, their impact on soil development and the successional transformation over time remains poorly understood. Here, we provide 67 diverse, rhizosphere-associated Pseudomonas draft genomes from an undisturbed salt march primary succession spanning >100 years of soil development. Pseudomonas are cosmopolitan bacteria with a significant role in plant establishment and growth. We obtained isolates associated with Limonium vulgare and Artemisia maritima, two typical salt marsh perennial plants with roles in soil stabilization, salinity regulation, and biodiversity support. We anticipate that our data, in combination with the provided physiochemical measurements, will help identify genomic signatures associated with the different selective regimes along the successional stages, such as varying soil complexity, texture, and nutrient availability. Such findings would advance our understanding of Pseudomonas’ role in natural soil ecosystems and provide the basis for a better understanding of the roles of microbes throughout ecosystem transformations.

Neural network cognitive analysis of accumulation metals by marigold

The article presents the results of studies to assess the effect of humic acids, taken at a concentration of 250 ppm, on the process of induced phytoextraction of heavy metals from soils selected near Norilsk. Phytoxtraction was carried out by different types of marigold plants: Tagetes patula and Tagetes erecta. The studies were carried out in greenhouse conditions under controlled spectral illumination (light culture). The duration of the experiment was 21 days. A short vegetation period was chosen based on the conditions of a short summer period typical for this region, where it is more rational to keep records of the systemic removal of toxicants from contaminated soils by several cycles of their sowing/cutting per season, already at the juvenile phase of ontogenesis. For elemental analysis, the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used. To assess the level of efficiency of metal accumulation, the authors developed and used the original computing neural network CompNN, which allows calculating the cognitive significance index (CSI) based on empirical data on the accumulation of toxicants, both in shoots and roots of plants. The results of the study showed that the introduction of an organic additive in the form of humic acids into the soil led to inhibition of the growth of the above-ground part of T. patula. As for T. erecta, the rate of accumulation of green plant biomass did not change when humic acids were added. The decrease in the biomass of shoots of T. patula plants is explained by an increase in the accumulation of metals in them by an average of 91.6% for the variants. The content of metals in the shoots of T. erecta under the influence of humic acids, on the contrary, decreased by 17.3% on average. A similar result was observed in relation to the root zone: the trend of change in the fixation of metals for both plant species here was 40.8 and 10.8%, respectively. Calculation of CSI indices also showed that the addition of humic acids in T. patula increases the intensity of metal accumulation from the soil in its biomass in all variants, while in T. erecta, on the contrary, it decreases. The performed cluster analysis demonstrated the fixation of metals in the main buffer zone of plants, and also made it possible to isolate nickel into a separate homogeneous series. With regard to the distribution of this element in the shoots by variants, experience has shown that it has demonstrated here the proximity of convergence with copper. The correlation coefficients of their accumulation with the CSI index in the shoots of both plants were r = 0.82; 0.87 for Cu and r = 0.87; 0.83 for Ni. The proximity of these values indicates the priority nature of the accumulation of these metals in the plant biomass of marigolds, and also characterizes the manifestation of certain interactions between them in contaminated soil by the type of antagonism or synergism.

Rhizosphere microbial community structure in the water-level-fluctuation zone under distinct waterlogging stresses

Rhizosphere microbial communities are believed to be vital in the adaption of dominant plants to strong waterlogging stress in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ). However, limited knowledge is available on their patterns in the WLFZ under distinct waterlogging stresses. Here, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities derived from two typical dominant plants (Rumex acetosa L. and Oxybasis glauca) in the WLFZ of Three Gorges Reservoir, China were analysed through high-throughput sequencing. A total of 63 phyla, 173 classes, 259 orders, 287 families and 518 genera of bacteria, as well as 15 phyla, 50 classes, 124 orders, 265 families and 652 genera of fungi were detected in soils with different waterlogging stress intensities. The most dominant bacterial and fungal phyla in each sample are Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, respectively. Bacteria and fungi in soil may increase their microbial ɑ diversity under the intensity of waterlogging stress to cope with this stress. LEfSe analysis showed that the impact of waterlogging stress on fungal community structure in soil is more prominent than that on bacteria. Key fungal biomarkers can be found in each soil sample, but in many samples, key bacterial biomarkers cannot be found. The metabolic pathways related to aerobic respiration type I and de novo biosynthesis of adenosine ribonucleotides dominate in the microbial community. Redundancy analysis revealed that the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities in different plants is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the relationship between plants and their second genome (rhizosphere microorganisms) in extreme habitats, such as the WLFZ of large reservoirs.

OsPUB75-OsHDA716 mediates deactivation and degradation of OsbZIP46 to negatively regulate drought tolerance in rice.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play crucial roles in plant stress responses via modification of histone as well as non-histone proteins; however, how HDAC-mediated deacetylation of non-histone substrates affects protein functions remains elusive. Here, we report that the Reduced Potassium Dependency3/Histone Deacetylase1 (RPD3/HDA1)-type histone deacetylase OsHDA716 and plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPUB75 form a complex to regulate rice drought response via deactivation and degradation of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor OsbZIP46 in rice (Oryza sativa). OsHDA716 decreases ABA-induced drought tolerance, and mechanistic investigations showed that OsHDA716 interacts with and deacetylates OsbZIP46, a key regulator in ABA signaling and drought response, thus inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, OsHDA716 recruits OsPUB75 to facilitate ubiquitination and degradation of deacetylated OsbZIP46. Therefore, the OsPUB75-OsHDA716 complex exerts double restrictions on the transcriptional activity and protein stability of OsbZIP46, leading to repression of downstream drought-responsive gene expression and consequently resulting in reduced drought tolerance. Conversely, OsbZIP46 acts as an upstream repressor to repress OsHDA716 expression, and therefore OsHDA716 and OsbZIP46 form an antagonistic pair to reciprocally inhibit each other. Genetic evidence showed that OsHDA716 works with OsbZIP46 in a common pathway to antagonistically regulate rice drought response, revealing that plants can fine-tune stress responses by the complex interplay between chromatin regulators and transcription factors. Our findings unveil an acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism governing protein functions and shed light on the precise coordination of activity and stability of key transcription factors through a combination of different post-translational modifications.

Pollution resistance and removal efficiency of mesophytic plants of polluted water bodies

With the development of cities and economic growth, the eutrophication of urban park landscape water has become a hot topic in environmental governance and research at home and abroad. Using indoor water pollution simulation experiments, the decontamination and pollution resistance performance of six aquatic plants were studied. The research results found that all six aquatic plants can reduce the pH value of eutrophic water bodies. The pH of the Lythrum salicaria L. (Q) and Iris tectorum Maxim (Y) treatment systems was the lowest which are 7.34 and 7.48, respectively. They were significantly lower than the control group (CK). The content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements were reduced by six types of plants in the wastewater. After the completion of the experiment, the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of Y was as high as 66.2%, and its content decreased from 9.49 to 3.21 mg/l. The removal rates of total phosphorus (TP) by six types of plants ranged from 59.1 to 81.3% and they were significantly higher than the CK. Among them, the removal rate of TP in wastewater by Y treatment exceeded 80%, which is superior to other plants and significantly different from CK. After the completion of the experiment, the content of chlorophyll a (chl a) in the water treated with Y was the lowest (6.6 mg/l). It was significantly lower than the other treatments (P<0.05). The contents of chl a in Y decreased by 37.1% compared to the initial level. Compared to CK, it is 54.1% lower and the content of chl a in CK showed an increasing trend with time delay. Overall analysis shows that the microsystems formed by the six plants all have a certain improvement effect on water quality, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of algae in eutrophic water bodies. Among them, planting iris has the best effect. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 757-763, 2024 (September) Special

Unrevealing the water-use strategies for typical ecological restoration plants and cash crops in the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau region

Study regionFour geomorphic types in the eastern Loess Plateau (ECLP). Study focusquantitatively study the water-use strategies of typical plants (ecological restoration plants, food crops) based on stable isotope technology. New hydrological insights for the regionSignificant spatial-temporal heterogeneity appeared in regional soil water content and stable isotopes, with more significant fluctuations in soil water isotope values appearing in the rocky mountain region. Regional tree growth (including natural and plantation forests) was mainly influenced by precipitation (35±14 %) and surface layer (0–40 cm depth) soil water (25±11 %) during April and June, whereas deep soil water gradually became the main water source (> 20 %) in autumn and winter. A. Lavandulifolia mainly uses surface soil water (> 23 %), and the proportion of deep soil water utilization has increased after September. Surface soil water (0–40 cm) was the primary water source for T. aestivum during the overwintering (> 16 %) and reviving periods (> 26 %), and Z. mays utilized the largest proportion of soil water from 0 to 20 cm depth layer during the seeding (> 60 %) and maturation stages (> 35 %). Collectively, the results of this study have important implications for sustainable vegetation protection and the optimal allocation of water resources in the arid region.

THI1 Gene Evolutionary Trends: A Comprehensive Plant-Focused Assessment via Data Mining and Large-Scale Analysis.

Molecular evolution analysis typically involves identifying selection pressure and reconstructing evolutionary trends. This process usually requires access to specific data related to a target gene or gene family within a particular group of organisms. While recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing techniques have resulted in the rapid accumulation of extensive genomics and transcriptomics data and the creation of new databases in public repositories, extracting valuable insights from such vast datasets remains a significant challenge for researchers. Here, we elucidated the evolutionary history of THI1, a gene responsible for encoding thiamine thiazole synthase. The thiazole ring is a precursor for vitamin B1 and a crucial cofactor in primary metabolic pathways. A thorough search of complete genomes available within public repositories reveals 702 THI1 homologs of Archaea and Eukarya. Throughout its diversification, the plant lineage has preserved the THI1 gene by incorporating the N-terminus and targeting the chloroplasts. Likewise, evolutionary pressures and lifestyle appear to be associated with retention of TPP-riboswitch sites and consequent dual post-transcriptional regulation of the de novo biosynthesis pathway in basal groups. Multicopy retention of THI1 is not a typical plant pattern, even after successive genome duplications. Examining cis-regulatory sites in plants uncovers two shared motifs across all plant lineages. A data mining of 484 transcriptome datasets supports the THI1 homolog expression under a light/dark cycle response and a tissue-specific pattern. Finally, the work presented brings a new look at public repositories as an opportunity to explore evolutionary trends to THI1.

Contamination profile and hazards of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey from apiaries in Beijing, China.

The residues of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey have raised global concern for their adverse effects on non-target organisms. However, information on the presence of neonicotinoids in raw honey in China is limited. Our study investigated the distribution profiles of neonicotinoids in raw honey samples collected from apiaries in plain and mountainous areas surrounding Beijing City. At least one of four neonicotinoids, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, or clothianidin, was found in 46.9% of samples. Neonicotinoids in multi-floral honey in plain areas exhibited higher concentrations and prevalence than in uni-floral honey collected from mountainous areas. These results indicated that neonicotinoid residues in honey were linked to the agricultural ecosystems influenced by geographies, particularly the intensity of agriculture and nectariferous plant types. The dietary risks to adult and children health from neonicotinoid exposure were deemed de minimis, while risks to honeybees at the maximum concentration level require much attention through refined, higher-tier assessments and possible mitigation measures for the use of these products.

Description of Blood Sugar Levels of Male Wistar Rats after Administration of Ethanol Extract of Rambusa Leaves (Passiflora Foetida Linn.) from Central Kalimantan

Rambusa (Passiflora foetida Linn.) is a type of plant that is often found creeping on other plants. Usually found in watery areas such as swamps and rivers. The rambusa plant contains chemical compounds which are useful sources and can be developed as medicine. Several previous studies explained that Rambusa (Passiflora foetida Linn.) which grows in several areas shows antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the blood sugar levels of male Wistar rats after administration of ethanol extract of rambusa leaves (Passiflora foetida Linn.) from Central Kalimantan. This research was carried out using an experimental or experimental method (experiment research) in the laboratory which was carried out with a series of experiments using the GCU Check strip. The results of this study show that ethanol extract of rambusa leaves from Central Kalimantan can reduce blood sugar levels of male Wistar rats at doses of 1.5 mg/Kgbb and 2 mg/Kgbb.

In Situ Seedling Establishment and Performance of Cyperus esculentus Seedlings

Cyperus esculentus seeds are often considered irrelevant for C. esculentus spread as their fragile seedlings would not establish or survive in agricultural soils. However, the ever-increasing spread and upsurge of genetically different clonal populations in NW-Europe raises questions about the establishment of C. esculentus seeds and the reproductive performance of seedlings. Indeed, little is known about the potential of C. esculentus seedlings to grow and propagate under outdoor conditions relative to plants grown from tubers. Seeds from different clonal populations were sown outdoors in various soil types and under different irrigation levels (rainfed, irrigated) to assess seed germination and seedling establishment. Additionally, two pot experiments were conducted with three different plant types (plants originating from mother tubers and from seeds harvested on open- or self-pollinated plants) obtained from eight clonal populations. Plant performance was investigated by measuring vegetative and generative parameters. Germination under outdoor conditions was significantly affected by clonal population and was highest in irrigated sand (5.3%). Germination in sand was 4.1 times higher in irrigated plots than in rainfed plots. In irrigated plots, germination was 3.8 and 4.7 times higher in sand than in sandy loam and clay, respectively. Depending on the year, three out of five to five out of six clonal populations produced more tubers when grown from mother tubers than from seeds. Maximal tuber reproduction factors of 1:965, 1:752, and 1:618 were achieved for plants from mother tubers and seeds from open- and self-pollinated flowers, respectively. Plants originating from open-pollinated seedlings have the potential to equal or exceed the vegetative reproductive capacity of plants originating from mother tubers. As a result of their ability to establish in situ and their substantial vegetative reproductive capacity, C. esculentus seedlings are highly relevant for agriculture and merit appropriate attention in any integrated weed management system targeting C. esculentus.

Advancing photovoltaic panel temperature forecasting: A comparative study of numerical simulation and machine learning in two types of PV power plant

Photovoltaic (PV) panel temperature dynamic monitoring and forecasting is important for managing and maintaining of PV power plant. However, it is uncommon to use a variety of methods to predict and evaluate the panel temperature of different types of PV power plants. Therefore, this study aims to advance PV panel temperature forecasting through a comparative analysis of numerical simulation and machine learning models in two types of PV power plants: land- and water-mounted. The results indicate that PV panel temperature condition for two types of PV power plants can be well captured by the numerical simulation (NS) and machine learning, except for the NS in water-mounted PV power plant (R2 with 0.66). Models perform better in land-mounted PV power plants, with Random Forest Regression (RFR) and ResNet models demonstrating superior accuracy across both environments. While all models exhibit some degree of deviation from normal distribution in residuals, RFR and ResNet show the least deviation and lowest prediction errors, highlighting their robustness in forecasting PV panel temperatures. This study can provide valuable insights for predicting PV panel temperatures and for the management and maintenance of PV power plants.